scholarly journals A Preliminary Study on the Small Population Paradigm and Nesting Biology of Rose-Ringed Parakeets (Psittacula Krameri) in Gujar Khan, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 84-96
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD BILAL ◽  
MUHAMMAD HUZAIFA ◽  
KHALID MAHMOOD ◽  
ABDULLAH IBRAHIM ◽  
ALI HASNAIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Broussonetia Papyrifera ◽  
Nesting Biology ◽  
Psittacula Krameri ◽  
Nesting Site ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Nest Height

Rose-ringed parakeet (P. krameri) is commonly found native psittacid in Pakistan. It is most popular companion bird in Pakistan. It is an unprotected species as per The Punjab Wildlife Act, 1974. The objectives of the present study were to study its population paradigm and basic nesting biology in the Gujar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. Previously, no studies were carried out to assess its live and vacant nest cavities, nesting site, nest height, cavity position on substrate, and potential roosts in the area. Moreover, this study also assesses the potential threats and factors in this area and conservation of the parakeet. Results show that in the study area (36.77%) active and (63.22%) inactive nests were found. A total of 10 tree species were utilized to make nests. It was found Ficus bengalensis, Syzygium cumini, Morus alba, Melia azedarach and Broussonetia papyrifera as the most used tree species for nesting due to more frequencies and old ages. Parakeets make nest at 3-11 m height. The preferred nest height (42.48%) was in the range of 7-9 m, while (5.88%) least at 3-5 m height. For safety reasons they made more nests (45.09%) on the tree trunk followed by terminal (31.37%) and at fork (23.52%). Due to smaller thriving population we found only (mean=7±4) parakeets during roost counting. Severe cutting of trees, destruction of its habitat and poaching for selling in the bird market are the main causes of its population decline. Government must change its status from unprotected to protected species and should ban its dealing for pet.

scholarly journals Stand structure, restore on postagrogenic and lands of the former settlement in the conditions of Vietnam

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Т.Т.Х. Нгуен ◽  
Н.В. Беляева ◽  
Д.А. Данилов
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Broussonetia Papyrifera ◽  
Short Life ◽  
Artocarpus Heterophyllus ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Litsea Glutinosa ◽  
Bischofia Javanica

Рассматривается структура древостоев, восстановившихся на постагрогенных землях и землях бывших поселений в условиях Вьетнама. Установлено: на землях бывших поселений отмечается наличие высокоствольных деревьев, однако их густота небольшая и видовой состав простой. Доминирующие деревья представлены светолюбивыми породами Broussonetia papyrifera (L.), Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C. B. Rob., Macaranga denticulata (Blume) Muell. Arg, Bischofia javanica Blume (B. Trifoliate (Roxb.) Hook.f.). Данные породы являются пионерами на начальном этапе восстановления древесной растительности на землях бывших поселений и имеют большое экологическое значение, однако короткий жизненный цикл. Кроме доминирующих пород в составе насаждений появляются и новые виды: Cinnamomum bejolghota (Buch. Ham.) Sweet, Cinnamomum obtusifolium (Roxb) Nees, Caryodaphnosis tonkinensis (Leg) A-Shaw. Они, как правило, семенного происхождения, светолюбивые, быстрорастущие и способны выдержать конкуренцию с другими видами за элементы питания и свет. Во взрослом возрасте они присутствуют в составе древостоя. Источником их возобновления являются семена от соседних стен леса. Присутствие этих видов увеличивает видовое разнообразие древесных пород и повышает устойчивость насаждения в целом. На землях бывших поселений единично встречаются породы деревьев, которые ранее выращивали жители поселений: Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam., Melia azedarach L., Dimocarpus longan Lour., Chukrasia tabularis M. Roem. На постагрогенных землях количество видов древесных пород небольшое. Здесь произрастают светолюбивые, быстрорастущие виды. Они являются доминирующими на начальном этапе восстановления леса: Macaranga denticulata (Blume) Muell. Arg, Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C. B. Rob., Bischofia javanica Blume (B. trifoliata (Roxb.) Hook. f.) и особенно Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Broussonetia papyrifera (L.). Указанные породы имеют короткий жизненный цикл и являются неустойчивыми к негативному экологическому воздействию, поэтому в дальнейшем они сменяются породами, у которых более длинный жизненный цикл. В целом, древостой на землях бывших поселений по видовому составу и структуре более разнообразен, чем на постагрогренных землях. The article deals with the structure of stands that have been restored on post- agrogenic lands and lands of former settlements in Vietnam. It is established that the presence of high-tree trees is noted on the lands of former settlements, but their density is not large and the species composition is simple. The dominant trees are represented by the light-loving rocks Broussonetia papyrifera (L.), Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C. B. Rob., Macaranga denticulata (Blume) Muell. Arg, Bischofia javanica Blume (B. Trifoliate (Roxb.) Hook.f.). These rocks are pioneers at the initial stage of restoration of woody vegetation on the lands of former settlements and have great ecological significance, however, a short life cycle. In addition to the dominant species, new species also appear in plantations: Cinnamomum bejolghota (Buch. Ham.) Sweet, Cinnamomum obtusifolium (Roxb) Nees, Caryodaphnosis tonkinensis (Leg) A-Shaw. They are usual- ly seed-borne, light-loving, fast-growing and able to withstand competition with other species for batteries and light. In adulthood, they are present in the composition of the stand. The source of their renewal are the seeds from the neighboring forest walls. The presence of these species increases the species diversity of tree species and increases the stability of the plantation as a whole. On the lands of the former settlements there are only species of trees that were previously grown by the inhabitants of the settle- ments: Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam., Melia azedarach L., Dimocarpus longan Lour., Chukrasia tabularis M. Roem. The number of species of tree species is small in the degraded land. Here grow light-loving, fast-growing species. They are dominant at the initial stage of forest restoration: Macaranga denticulata (Blume) Muell. Arg, Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C. B. Rob., Bischofia javanica Blume (B. trifoliata (Roxb.) Hook. F.) and especially Broussonetia papyrifera (L.). These breeds have a short life cycle and are unstable to negative environmental impact, therefore in the future they are replaced by breeds that have a longer life cycle. In general, the stand on the lands of the former settlements is more diverse in species composition and structure than in the plowed lands.

scholarly journals Over half of western United States' most abundant tree species in decline

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hunter Stanke ◽  
Andrew O. Finley ◽  
Grant M. Domke ◽  
Aaron S. Weed ◽  
David W. MacFarlane
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Temperate Forests ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Forest Disturbance ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Scale Transformation ◽  
Forest Composition

AbstractChanging forest disturbance regimes and climate are driving accelerated tree mortality across temperate forests. However, it remains unknown if elevated mortality has induced decline of tree populations and the ecological, economic, and social benefits they provide. Here, we develop a standardized forest demographic index and use it to quantify trends in tree population dynamics over the last two decades in the western United States. The rate and pattern of change we observe across species and tree size-distributions is alarming and often undesirable. We observe significant population decline in a majority of species examined, show decline was particularly severe, albeit size-dependent, among subalpine tree species, and provide evidence of widespread shifts in the size-structure of montane forests. Our findings offer a stark warning of changing forest composition and structure across the western US, and suggest that sustained anthropogenic and natural stress will likely result in broad-scale transformation of temperate forests globally.

scholarly journals Natural Regeneration of Indigenous Tree Species in Broussonetia papyrifera Invaded Sites in Pra -Anum Forest Reserve

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moses Kwesi Yalley ◽  
Daniel Adusu ◽  
Abdul-Rahman Bunyamin ◽  
Isaac Okyere ◽  
Austin Asare
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Broussonetia Papyrifera ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Indigenous Tree Species ◽  
Control And Management

Broussonetia papyrifera invasion poses a serious threat to indigenous tree species in Ghana. Many conservation scientists therefore emphasize the need to control, manage, and possibly eradicate the species. However, attempts at control and management require adequate knowledge of its ecology and impact on invaded ecosystems. Employing a complete randomized design with twenty-four (24) 20 m × 20 m plots, 12 each on invaded and uninvaded sites, this study assesses the indigenous species regeneration potential under Broussonetia papyrifera-invaded sites in the Pra-Anum forest reserve. The study provides evidence of the negative impact of Broussonetia on the regenerative capacity of the reserve, as 335 seedlings per 4800 m2 distributed over 43 species were recorded on the uninvaded site compared to 156 seedlings per 4800 m2 distributed over 31 species on the invaded site. The study, however, observed some level of resilience of species belonging to the Ulmaceae and Lecythidaceae families, as they appeared fairly represented on the invaded site. Floristic diversity was also observed to be negatively impacted by Broussonetia invasion as mean Shannon and Simpson index values of 2.39 ± 0.71 and 0.89 ± 0.08 and 1.39 ± 0.24 and 0.64 ± 0.08 were recorded on the uninvaded and invaded sites, respectively. Furthermore, the Broussonetia invasion compromised the productivity of the forest ecosystem as 4.9 ± 1.61 mean economic tree species per 400 m2 plot were recorded on the invaded site compared to 13.8 ± 1.28 per 400 m2 plot on the uninvaded site. The study, therefore, concludes that Broussonetia invasion poses a serious threat to the integrity and productivity of the Pra-Anum forest reserve. Consequently, the study recommends the control of the spread of the species to protect the integrity of the Pra-Anum forest reserve. Also, restoration efforts in invaded areas of the reserve could consider the use of native species belonging to the Ulmaceae and Lecythidaceae families as they appear to be resilient to Broussonetia invasion.

A demographic framework for the adaptive management of the endangered arid-zone tree species Acacia peuce

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Raghu ◽  
Catherine E. M. Nano ◽  
Chris R. Pavey
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Vital Rates ◽  
Matrix Population Models ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Events ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Slow Growing

Slow-growing desert tree species pose unique conservation challenges; their demography is driven by rare stochastic climatic events, remoteness of populations makes monitoring difficult and, consequently, their management is often information-limited. In particular, the paucity of information on vital rates at a relevant temporal scale makes analyses of demography and population viability difficult. Our objective was to undertake a demographic analysis of the threatened arid-zone tree species (Acacia peuce F.Muell.) that is a model system in terms of being (1) a slow-growing desert tree species whose recruitment is limited to stochastic and rare extreme rainfall events, and (2) a species of conservation significance growing in a remote location where remoteness imposes limitations on conservation monitoring. Complementary analyses using pattern- and process-derived matrix population models, based on a dataset derived from a 30-year monitoring effort, verified that the smallest of the A. peuce populations would continue to grow under current environmental conditions. Population growth in this species is most influenced by the survival or adult and sapling stages. Stochastic demographic simulations revealed that climate change is likely to significantly elevate the risk of population decline, particularly in fragment stands. The long-term viability of A. peuce hinges on sustaining the survival rates of adult and sapling stages by managing stresses to individuals in these stages, and through minimising anthropogenic disturbance to populations during rare, stochastic and extreme rainfall events that trigger recruitment. Extending the current non-binding agreement enabling the use of fences to exclude cattle, and improved interpretative signage to raise awareness of anthropogenic impacts on this species will significantly aid conservation of this species. The integration of modelling, monitoring, and management within a demographic framework can facilitate efficient and effective conservation of slow-growing arid-zone tree species, despite the challenges imposed by remoteness.

Seasonality, abundance and breeding biology of one of the largest populations of nesting flatback turtles, Natator depressus: Cape Domett, Western Australia

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea U. Whiting ◽  
Allan Thomson ◽  
Milani Chaloupka ◽  
Colin J. Limpus
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Breeding Biology ◽  
Nesting Biology ◽  
Nesting Site ◽  
Temporal Abundance ◽  
Natator Depressus ◽  
Aggregated Nesting ◽  
North Western

Cape Domett, located in tropical Western Australia, supports a significant population of flatback turtles, Natator depressus, but the magnitude of this was previously underestimated. We assessed temporal nesting abundance to find that Cape Domett supports one of the largest aggregated nesting flatback turtle populations globally with annual abundance in the order of several thousand individuals (estimated = 3250, 95% CI = 1431–7757). We assessed temporal abundance within a year to find turtles nested throughout the year with peak nesting occurring between August and September. This paper re-evaluates the importance of this major flatback turtle nesting site and shows the first detailed examination of flatback turtle nesting biology in north-western Australia.

scholarly journals Impact of planting density on wheat crop grown under different tree species in tarai agroforestry system of central himalaya, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Kavita Satyawali ◽  
Sumit Chaturvedi ◽  
Neema Bisht ◽  
V.C. Dhyani
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Yield Attributes

A field trial based Agroforestry system was established at Pantnagar during Rabi season 2012-13 for predicting the effect of spacing on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Melia azedarach. The experiment was carried out in split-plot design consisting of two tree species in main plot, viz, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Melia azedarch and four spacing treatments in sub-plot viz, 3.0m×1.0m, 3.0m×1.5m, 3.0m×2.0m and 3.0m×2.5m with three replications. The wheat crop variety“UP-2338” was sown on December 06, 2012 and harvested on April 27, 2013. Among the tree species, the maximum (15.1 q /ha) and significantly higher grain yield with 21.8% increment was recorded under Melia as compare to Eucalyptus. Whereas, among the different spacings, the wheat growth in terms of dry biomass at 120 DAS (495.4/m2 ), yield attributes and yield in terms of grain (16.0 q/ha), straw (29.4 q/ha) and biological yield (45.4 q/ha) under Melia was significantly higher at 3 × 2.5 m spacing as compared to other planting density. The correlation coefficient (r) studies exhibited that wheat growth and yield attributing characteristics shows significantly (p<0.05) high degree (r=0.75 to 1) positive correlation with each other. The investigation was done to find out the proper planting density for intercropping of wheat with tree species without comprising the wheat growth and enhancing its sustainability.

scholarly journals Preliminary Study on Tree Species Composition, Diversity and Biomass of Dipterocarpus and Hopea genera of Bukit Bakar Forest Eco Park, Machang, Kelantan

2020 ◽  
Vol 549 ◽  
pp. 012037
Author(s):  
Nurafiqah Zafriakma ◽  
Noor Shuhada Masran ◽  
Dini Dayana Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Ikram Nazli ◽  
Radhiah Zakaria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Preliminary Study

Studi Karakteristik Sarang Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus morio) di Resort Sangatta dan Resort Sangkima Taman Nasional Kutai

SCISCITATIO ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelina Tikurara Londong Allo ◽  
Kisworo ◽  
Suhendra
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Pongo Pygmaeus ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
Transect Line ◽  
Nest Height ◽  
Nest Type

Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus morio) merupakan satwa langka yang harus dikonservasi melalui pelestarian Taman Nasional Kutai (TNK). Studi karakteristik sarang orangutan merupakan bagian dari upaya pelestarian. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan jalur transek dengan menghitung sarang orangutan serta mencatat karakteristik sarang orangutan yang meliputi kelas sarang, posisi sarang, tinggi sarang, tinggi pohon, diameter pohon dan jenis pohon sarang. Pada lokasi penelitian ditemukan sebanyak 173 sarang orangutan yang terdiri dari 84 sarang di resort Sangatta dan 89 sarang di resort Sangkima. Jenis sarang didominasi oleh kelas sarang C dan D dengan posisi sarang sebagian besar terdapat pada ujung dahan (UD) di resort Sangatta, posisi sarang terbanyak ada pada ujung dahan (UD) dan pucuk pohon (PP) di resort Sangkima. Rata-rata tinggi sarang orangutan adalah 12,2 - 40,2 m, diameter pohon 17,4 - 110 cm, dan tinggi pohon 12,2 - 40,2 m di resort Sangatta. Pada resort Sangkima rata-rata tinggi sarang orangutan adalah 10,2 - 24,2 m dengan diameter pohon 20 - 109,4 cm dan rata-rata tinggi pohon 14-28,6 m. Karakteristik sarang orangutan menjadi indikator kondisi habitat orangutan yang ada di TNK. Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus morio) is a rare animal that must be conserved through the preservation of the Kutai National Park (KNP). Study of orangutan nest characteristics is part of conservation efforts. The method used in this study is to use a transect line by counting orangutan nests and noting orangutan nest characteristics which include nest class, nest position, nest height, tree height, tree diameter and nest tree species. At the study site, 173 orangutan nests were found, consisting of 84 nests at Sangatta resort and 89 nests at Sangkima resort. The nest type is dominated by the nest classes C and D with the nest position mostly found at the tip of the branch (UD) at Sangatta resort, the position of most nests is at the tip of the branch (UD) and tree tops (PP) at the Sangkima resort. The average height of orangutan nests is 12.2 - 40.2 m, tree diameter 17.4 - 110 cm, and tree height 12.2 - 40.2 m at Sangatta resort. At Sangkima resort, the average height of orangutan nests is 10.2 - 24.2 m with a tree diameter of 20 - 109.4 cm and an average tree height of 14-28.6 m. The characteristics of orangutan nests are an indicator of the condition of orangutan habitat in KNP.

A preliminary study on natural regeneration of savanna tree species

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
O D Akinyemi ◽  
F O Idumah ◽  
O A Ugbogu ◽  
B T Odofin ◽  
S Areghan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Preliminary Study

Using opportunistic photo-identifications to detect a population decline of killer whales (Orcinus orca) in British and Irish waters

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 1327-1333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Beck ◽  
Andrew D. Foote ◽  
Sandra Kötter ◽  
Olivia Harries ◽  
Laura Mandleberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Killer Whale ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Small Population ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Killer Whales ◽  
Demographic Stochasticity ◽  
Photo Identification ◽  
Bayesian Formulation

An assemblage of killer whales that has been sighted in waters off the west coast of the British Isles and Ireland has previously been shown to be isolated from other North Atlantic killer whale communities based on association patterns. By applying a Bayesian formulation of the Jolly–Seber mark-recapture model to the photo-identification data compiled from opportunistic photographic encounters with this population of killer whales, we show that such sparse and opportunistically-collected data can still be valuable in estimating population dynamics of small, wide-ranging groups. Good quality photo-identification data was collected from 32 encounters over 19 years. Despite a cumulative total of 77 identifications from these encounters, just ten individuals were identified and the remaining 67 identifications were re-sights of these ten animals. There was no detected recruitment through births during the study and, as a result, the population appears to be in a slight decline. The demography of the population was highly skewed towards older individuals and had an unusually high ratio of adult males, and we suggest that demographic stochasticity due to a small population size may be further impacting the population growth rate. We recommend that this population be managed as a separate conservation unit from neighbouring killer whale populations.

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