scholarly journals Stand structure, restore on postagrogenic and lands of the former settlement in the conditions of Vietnam

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Т.Т.Х. Нгуен ◽  
Н.В. Беляева ◽  
Д.А. Данилов
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Broussonetia Papyrifera ◽  
Short Life ◽  
Artocarpus Heterophyllus ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Litsea Glutinosa ◽  
Bischofia Javanica

Рассматривается структура древостоев, восстановившихся на постагрогенных землях и землях бывших поселений в условиях Вьетнама. Установлено: на землях бывших поселений отмечается наличие высокоствольных деревьев, однако их густота небольшая и видовой состав простой. Доминирующие деревья представлены светолюбивыми породами Broussonetia papyrifera (L.), Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C. B. Rob., Macaranga denticulata (Blume) Muell. Arg, Bischofia javanica Blume (B. Trifoliate (Roxb.) Hook.f.). Данные породы являются пионерами на начальном этапе восстановления древесной растительности на землях бывших поселений и имеют большое экологическое значение, однако короткий жизненный цикл. Кроме доминирующих пород в составе насаждений появляются и новые виды: Cinnamomum bejolghota (Buch. Ham.) Sweet, Cinnamomum obtusifolium (Roxb) Nees, Caryodaphnosis tonkinensis (Leg) A-Shaw. Они, как правило, семенного происхождения, светолюбивые, быстрорастущие и способны выдержать конкуренцию с другими видами за элементы питания и свет. Во взрослом возрасте они присутствуют в составе древостоя. Источником их возобновления являются семена от соседних стен леса. Присутствие этих видов увеличивает видовое разнообразие древесных пород и повышает устойчивость насаждения в целом. На землях бывших поселений единично встречаются породы деревьев, которые ранее выращивали жители поселений: Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam., Melia azedarach L., Dimocarpus longan Lour., Chukrasia tabularis M. Roem. На постагрогенных землях количество видов древесных пород небольшое. Здесь произрастают светолюбивые, быстрорастущие виды. Они являются доминирующими на начальном этапе восстановления леса: Macaranga denticulata (Blume) Muell. Arg, Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C. B. Rob., Bischofia javanica Blume (B. trifoliata (Roxb.) Hook. f.) и особенно Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Broussonetia papyrifera (L.). Указанные породы имеют короткий жизненный цикл и являются неустойчивыми к негативному экологическому воздействию, поэтому в дальнейшем они сменяются породами, у которых более длинный жизненный цикл. В целом, древостой на землях бывших поселений по видовому составу и структуре более разнообразен, чем на постагрогренных землях. The article deals with the structure of stands that have been restored on post- agrogenic lands and lands of former settlements in Vietnam. It is established that the presence of high-tree trees is noted on the lands of former settlements, but their density is not large and the species composition is simple. The dominant trees are represented by the light-loving rocks Broussonetia papyrifera (L.), Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C. B. Rob., Macaranga denticulata (Blume) Muell. Arg, Bischofia javanica Blume (B. Trifoliate (Roxb.) Hook.f.). These rocks are pioneers at the initial stage of restoration of woody vegetation on the lands of former settlements and have great ecological significance, however, a short life cycle. In addition to the dominant species, new species also appear in plantations: Cinnamomum bejolghota (Buch. Ham.) Sweet, Cinnamomum obtusifolium (Roxb) Nees, Caryodaphnosis tonkinensis (Leg) A-Shaw. They are usual- ly seed-borne, light-loving, fast-growing and able to withstand competition with other species for batteries and light. In adulthood, they are present in the composition of the stand. The source of their renewal are the seeds from the neighboring forest walls. The presence of these species increases the species diversity of tree species and increases the stability of the plantation as a whole. On the lands of the former settlements there are only species of trees that were previously grown by the inhabitants of the settle- ments: Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam., Melia azedarach L., Dimocarpus longan Lour., Chukrasia tabularis M. Roem. The number of species of tree species is small in the degraded land. Here grow light-loving, fast-growing species. They are dominant at the initial stage of forest restoration: Macaranga denticulata (Blume) Muell. Arg, Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C. B. Rob., Bischofia javanica Blume (B. trifoliata (Roxb.) Hook. F.) and especially Broussonetia papyrifera (L.). These breeds have a short life cycle and are unstable to negative environmental impact, therefore in the future they are replaced by breeds that have a longer life cycle. In general, the stand on the lands of the former settlements is more diverse in species composition and structure than in the plowed lands.

scholarly journals A Preliminary Study on the Small Population Paradigm and Nesting Biology of Rose-Ringed Parakeets (Psittacula Krameri) in Gujar Khan, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 84-96
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD BILAL ◽  
MUHAMMAD HUZAIFA ◽  
KHALID MAHMOOD ◽  
ABDULLAH IBRAHIM ◽  
ALI HASNAIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Broussonetia Papyrifera ◽  
Nesting Biology ◽  
Psittacula Krameri ◽  
Nesting Site ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Nest Height

Rose-ringed parakeet (P. krameri) is commonly found native psittacid in Pakistan. It is most popular companion bird in Pakistan. It is an unprotected species as per The Punjab Wildlife Act, 1974. The objectives of the present study were to study its population paradigm and basic nesting biology in the Gujar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. Previously, no studies were carried out to assess its live and vacant nest cavities, nesting site, nest height, cavity position on substrate, and potential roosts in the area. Moreover, this study also assesses the potential threats and factors in this area and conservation of the parakeet. Results show that in the study area (36.77%) active and (63.22%) inactive nests were found. A total of 10 tree species were utilized to make nests. It was found Ficus bengalensis, Syzygium cumini, Morus alba, Melia azedarach and Broussonetia papyrifera as the most used tree species for nesting due to more frequencies and old ages. Parakeets make nest at 3-11 m height. The preferred nest height (42.48%) was in the range of 7-9 m, while (5.88%) least at 3-5 m height. For safety reasons they made more nests (45.09%) on the tree trunk followed by terminal (31.37%) and at fork (23.52%). Due to smaller thriving population we found only (mean=7±4) parakeets during roost counting. Severe cutting of trees, destruction of its habitat and poaching for selling in the bird market are the main causes of its population decline. Government must change its status from unprotected to protected species and should ban its dealing for pet.

Langfristige Entwicklung von zwei Waldgesellschaften im Białowieża-Urwald

2008 ◽  
Vol 159 (4) ◽  
pp. 80-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Brzeziecki ◽  
Feliks Eugeniusz Bernadzki
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Strong Trend ◽  
Long Term Study

The results of a long-term study on the natural forest dynamics of two forest communities on one sample plot within the Białowieża National Park in Poland are presented. The two investigated forest communities consist of the Pino-Quercetum and the Tilio-Carpinetum type with the major tree species Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies, Betula sp., Quercus robur, Tilia cordata and Carpinus betulus. The results reveal strong temporal dynamics of both forest communities since 1936 in terms of tree species composition and of general stand structure. The four major tree species Scots pine, birch, English oak and Norway spruce, which were dominant until 1936, have gradually been replaced by lime and hornbeam. At the same time, the analysis of structural parameters indicates a strong trend towards a homogenization of the vertical stand structure. Possible causes for these dynamics may be changes in sylviculture, climate change and atmospheric deposition. Based on the altered tree species composition it can be concluded that a simple ≪copying≫ (mimicking) of the processes taking place in natural forests may not guarantee the conservation of the multifunctional character of the respective forests.

An open-flower mutant ofMelilotus alba: Potential for floral-dip transformation of a papilionoid legume with a short life cycle?

2010 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann M. Hirsch ◽  
Angie Lee ◽  
Weimin Deng ◽  
Shirley C. Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Short Life ◽  
Open Flower ◽  
Floral Dip

Ecological processes maintaining differential tree species distributions in an Australian subtropical rain forest: implications for models of species coexistence

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Debski ◽  
David F. R. P. Burslem ◽  
David Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Species Coexistence ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Differential Mortality ◽  
Mixed Composition ◽  
Large Scale Disturbance

All stems ≥ 1 cm dbh were measured, tagged, mapped and identified on a 1-ha plot of rain forest at Gambubal State Forest, south-east Queensland, Australia. The spatial patterns and size class distributions of 11 common tree species on the plot were assessed to search for mechanisms determining their distribution and abundance. The forest was species-poor in comparison to many lowland tropical forests and the common species are therefore present at relatively high densities. Despite this, only limited evidence was found for the operation of density-dependent processes at Gambubal. Daphnandra micrantha saplings were clumped towards randomly spaced adults, indicating a shift of distribution over time caused by differential mortality of saplings in these adult associated clumps. Ordination of the species composition in 25-m × 25-m subplots revealed vegetation gradients at that scale, which corresponded to slope across the plot. Adult basal area was dominated by a few large individuals of Sloanea woollsii but the comparative size class distributions and replacement probabilities of the 11 common species suggest that the forest will undergo a transition to a more mixed composition if current conditions persist. The current cohort of large S. woollsii individuals probably established after a large-scale disturbance event and the forest has not attained an equilibrium species composition.

Effects of nitrogen deposition on nitrate leaching from forests of the northeastern United States will change with tree species composition

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 997-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine F. Crowley ◽  
Gary M. Lovett
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
White Ash ◽  
Species Change

As tree species composition in forests of the northeastern United States changes due to invasive forest pests, climate change, or other stressors, the extent to which forests will retain or release N from atmospheric deposition remains uncertain. We used a species-specific, dynamic forest ecosystem model (Spe-CN) to investigate how nitrate (NO3–) leaching may vary among stands dominated by different species, receiving varied atmospheric N inputs, or undergoing species change due to an invasive forest pest (emerald ash borer; EAB). In model simulations, NO3– leaching varied widely among stands dominated by 12 northeastern North American tree species. Nitrate leaching increased with N deposition or forest age, generally with greater magnitude for deciduous (except red oak) than coniferous species. Species with lowest baseline leaching rates (e.g., red spruce, eastern hemlock, red oak) showed threshold responses to N deposition. EAB effects on leaching depended on the species replacing white ash: after 100 years, predicted leaching increased 73% if sugar maple replaced ash but decreased 55% if red oak replaced ash. This analysis suggests that the effects of tree species change on NO3– leaching over time may be large and variable and should be incorporated into predictions of effects of N deposition on leaching from forested landscapes.

scholarly journals Differences of tree species composition and microclimate between a mahogany(swietenia macrophyllaking) plantation and a secondary forest in Mt. Makiling, Philippines

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Kwon Lee ◽  
Don Koo Lee ◽  
Su‐Young Woo ◽  
Emmanuel Rodantes G. Abraham ◽  
Wilfredo M. Carandang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Tree Species Composition

Development of Forest Shelterbelts Considering Statistical Forecasts Modelling of Local Weather

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Irina Volkova ◽  
Kseniia Pitulko ◽  
Anzhelika Sergeeva ◽  
Saida Pshidatok
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Moscow Oblast ◽  
Phytopathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Heat Damage ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Local Weather ◽  
Species Class

This work aims to study the effect of high temperatures and phytopathogenic bacteria on different types of trees in the forest shelterbelts. Therefore, in 2018, 17 tree species were studied from 50 sample sites in the Moscow oblast (Russia). Leaf scorching, diseases caused by phytopathogenic bacteria, and heat damage to the crowns were examined in 5224 tree species. Based on the degree of crown damage, the studied tree species were divided into four classes. It was found that the heat damage to tree crowns was identical between the three sampling aspects (correlation coefficient 0.99). The plant species composition must be considered when developing forest shelterbelts. A long-term forecast on structural changes of planted areas is possible, considering the species composition and climatic characteristics of the region. Class 5 includes only chestnut; class 4 includes three species; class 3 is represented by seven species. Class 2, includes six species, and is the most suitable in developing forest plantations. No tree species in class 1 were found (trees with no damage). There is a connection between pathologies and heat injuries in trees from classes 4 to 5 (correlation 0.89).

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