Removal of Nitrate by Bimetallic Copper-nanoscale Zero-valent Iron (Cu-nZVI): Using 2k Full Factorial Design

Enhanced nitrate reduction of nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) by Cu prepared by impregnation method was studied in this work. Using a full factorial design, the performance of nZVI with and without Cu on surface in acidic and neutral conditions was investigated. Static batch reactor was selected in this study to investigate the effects of the independent variables such as catalysts (nZVI with and without Cu), initial pH of solutions (3, 7), and reaction times (10, 30 min). The results found that nitrate removal over Cu-nZVI was greater than that of nZVI by about 37% and 36% at pH 3 and pH 7 for 30 min, respectively. Both catalysts were effective in removing nitrate under acidic conditions (pH 3). Thus, this study concludes that nZVI can enhance the performance by Cu in nitrate removal. Moreover, acidic conditions were more effective than neutral conditions in removing nitrate.

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Application of 32 Full Factorial Design and Desirability Function for Optimizing The Manufacturing Process for Directly Compressible Multi-Functional Co-Processed Excipient

Current Drug Delivery ◽

10.2174/1567201817666200508094743 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

pp. 523-539

Author(s):

Jalpa Patel ◽

Dhaval Mori

Keyword(s):

Factorial Design ◽

Spray Drying ◽

Desirability Function ◽

Full Factorial Design ◽

Angle Of Repose ◽

P Value ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Full Factorial ◽

32 Full Factorial Design ◽

Response Variables

Background: Developing a new excipient and obtaining its market approval is an expensive, time-consuming and complex process. Compared to that, the co-processing of already approved excipients has emerged as a more attractive option for bringing better characteristic excipients to the market. The application of the Design of Experiments (DoE) approach for developing co-processed excipient can make the entire process cost-effective and rapid. Objective: The aim of the present investigation was to demonstrate the applicability of the DoE approach, especially 32 full factorial design, to develop a multi-functional co-processed excipient for the direct compression of model drug - cefixime trihydrate using spray drying technique. Methods: The preliminary studies proved the significant effect of atomization pressure (X1) and polymer ratio (microcrystalline cellulose: mannitol - X2) on critical product characteristics, so they were selected as independent variables. The angle of repose, Carr’s index, Hausner’s ratio, tensile strength and Kuno’s constant were selected as response variables. Result: The statistical analysis proved a significant effect of both independent variables on all response variables with a significant p-value < 0.05. The desirability function available in Design Expert 11® software was used to prepare and select the optimized batch. The prepared co-processed excipient had better compressibility than individual excipients and their physical mixture and was able to accommodate more than 40 percent drug without compromising the flow property and compressibility. Conclusion: The present investigation successfully proved the applicability of 32 full factorial design as an effective tool for optimizing the spray drying process to prepare a multi-functional co-processed excipient.

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Formulation of Extended-Release Beads of Lamotrigine Based on Alginate and Cassia fistula Seed Gum by QbD Approach

Current Drug Delivery ◽

10.2174/1567201817666200317124022 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (5) ◽

pp. 422-437

Author(s):

Dixita Jain ◽

Akshay Sodani ◽

Swapnanil Ray ◽

Pranab Ghosh ◽

Gouranga Nandi

Keyword(s):

Drug Release ◽

Factorial Design ◽

Extended Release ◽

Polymer Concentration ◽

Green Manufacturing ◽

Full Factorial Design ◽

Cassia Fistula ◽

Negative Environmental Impact ◽

Seed Gum ◽

Full Factorial

Aim: This study was focused on the formulation of the multi-unit extended-release peroral delivery device of lamotrigine for better management of epilepsy. Background: The single-unit extended-release peroral preparations often suffer from all-or-none effect. A significant number of multi-unit delivery systems have been reported as a solution to this problem. But most of them are found to be composed of synthetic, semi-synthetic or their combination having physiological toxicity as well as negative environmental impact. Therefore, fabrication and formulation of multi-unit extended-release peroral preparations with natural, non-toxic, biodegradable polymers employing green manufacturing processes are being appreciated worldwide. Objective: Lamotrigine-loaded extended-release multi-unit beads have been fabricated with the incorporation of a natural polysaccharide Cassia fistula seed gum in calcium-cross-linked alginate matrix employing a simple green process and 23 full factorial design. Methods: The total polymer concentration, polymer ratio and [CaCl2] were considered as independent formulation variables with two different levels of each for the experiment-design. The extended-release beads were then prepared by the ionotropic gelation method using calcium chloride as the crosslinkerions provider. The beads were then evaluated for drug encapsulation efficiency and drug release. ANOVA of all the dependent variables such as DEE, cumulative % drug release at 2h, 5h, 12h, rate constant and dissolution similarity factor (f2) was done by 23 full factorial design using Design-Expert software along with numerical optimization of the independent variables in order to meet USP-reference release profile. Results: The optimized batch showed excellent outcomes with DEE of 84.7 ± 2.7 (%), CPR2h of 8.41± 2.96 (%), CPR5h of 36.8± 4.7 (%), CPR12h of 87.3 ± 3.64 (%) and f2 of 65.9. Conclusion: This approach of the development of multi-unit oral devices utilizing natural polysaccharides might be inspiring towards the world-wide effort for green manufacturing of sustained-release drug products by the QbD route.

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A 32 full factorial design for optimizing the ocular retention of bromfenac sodium using thermo sensitive in situ gel

International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences ◽

10.22376/ijpbs.2017.8.4.p200-211 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

Author(s):

JAKIRHUSSAINMUSTAQ SHAIK ◽

MOUNIKA VEGESNA ◽

CHANDANA ROJA ◽

SWATHI PUTTA ◽

BHAVANI BODDEDA

Keyword(s):

Factorial Design ◽

Full Factorial Design ◽

In Situ Gel ◽

Full Factorial ◽

32 Full Factorial Design ◽

Ocular Retention

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Shear strength optimization for FSSW AA6060-T5 joints by Taguchi and full factorial design

Journal of Materials Research and Technology ◽

10.1016/j.jmrt.2020.11.062 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 16072-16079

Author(s):

C.A.G. Aita ◽

I.C. Goss ◽

T.S. Rosendo ◽

M.D. Tier ◽

A. Wiedenhöft ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Shear Strength ◽

Factorial Design ◽

Full Factorial Design ◽

Full Factorial

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Modeling the effective thermal conductivity of nanofluids using full factorial design analysis

Heat Transfer-Asian Research ◽

10.1002/htj.21524 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 48 (7) ◽

pp. 2930-2947

Author(s):

Wassila Grine ◽

Mohamed E. H. Benhamza

Keyword(s):

Thermal Conductivity ◽

Factorial Design ◽

Effective Thermal Conductivity ◽

Design Analysis ◽

Full Factorial Design ◽

Factorial Design Analysis ◽

Full Factorial

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Rheological investigation of synthetic-based drilling fluid containing non-ionic surfactant pentaerythritol ester using full factorial design

Colloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects ◽

10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126700 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 126700

Author(s):

Dina Kania ◽

Robiah Yunus ◽

Rozita Omar ◽

Suraya Abdul Rashid ◽

Badrul Mohamed Jan

Keyword(s):

Factorial Design ◽

Drilling Fluid ◽

Full Factorial Design ◽

Ionic Surfactant ◽

Pentaerythritol Ester ◽

Full Factorial

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INTEGRATING NANOSCALE ZERO-VALENT IRON AND TITANIUM DIOXIDE FOR NUTRIENT REMOVAL IN STORMWATER SYSTEMS

NANO ◽

10.1142/s1793292008001295 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 03 (04) ◽

pp. 297-300 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

NI-BIN CHANG ◽

MARTY WANIELISTA ◽

FAHIM HOSSAIN ◽

LEI ZHAI ◽

KUEN-SONG LIN

Keyword(s):

Titanium Dioxide ◽

Water Reuse ◽

Algal Blooms ◽

Chemical Reduction ◽

Nitrate Removal ◽

Packed Bed ◽

The United States ◽

Zero Valent Iron ◽

Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron ◽

Freshwater Bodies

Nutrients, such as nitrate, nitrite, and phosphorus, are common contaminants in many aquatic systems in the United States. Ammonia and nitrate are both regulated by the drinking water standards in the US primarily because excess levels of nitrate might cause methemoglobinemia. Phosphorus might become sources of the eutrophication problems associated with toxic algae in the freshwater bodies. Toxic algal blooms can cause severe acute and chronic public health problems. Chemical reduction of nitrate by using zero-valent iron started as early as 1964, and considerable research reports relating to this technology to nanomaterial were extensively reported in 1990s making the use of nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI) particles for nitrate removal become one of the most popular technologies in this field. The purpose of the present study was to examine the potential of integrating green sorption media, such as sawdust, limestone, tire crumb, and sand/silt, with two types of nanoparticles, including NZVI and Titanium Dioxide ( TiO 2), for nitrate removal in an engineering process. The study consists of running packed bed column tests followed by the addition of NZVI and TiO 2 to improve nitrate and phosphorus removal efficiency. Preliminary results in this paper show that the potential and advanced study may support the creation of design criteria of stormwater and groundwater treatment systems for water reuse in the future.

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