scholarly journals Pleasant and Useful Pastime Journal: The Formation of the Literary Canon

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-21
Author(s):  
Mariya Sinitsyna
Keyword(s):  
Reference Point ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Literary Canon ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Russian Literary ◽  
Contemporary Writers

The paper considers the role of Pleasant and Useful Pastime journal in the formation of the Russian literary canon. The journal had been published for five years; in the 1790s it was widely known. As an educational periodical addressed to students of Moscow University and pupils of Moscow University Pan- sion for Nobility, it aimed to serve as a literary reference point and educate the readers’ aesthetic tastes. The paper deals with the canon composition which includes authors of the recent past, who had already received recognition by the end of the 18th century (M.V. Lomonosov, A.P. Sumarokov) and contemporary writers (G.R. Derzhavin, I.I. Dmitriev, N.M. Karamzin). The canon is determined by selecting the texts of exemplary authors as well as through assessment of the writers’ work given in literary texts, critical articles, and editorial notes. The journal is generally char- acterized by a sentimentalist tendency that was relevant at that time (despite the editors’ different aesthetic positions, for example, V.S. Podshivalov and P.A. Sokhatsky), which was reflected in the version of the literary canon presented in it. The periodical focuses on new sentimental patterns. The work belonged to classics and Derzhavin, a recognized contemporary, is reinterpreted within a sentimental paradigm.

scholarly journals The dispute on the language norm in A.P. Sumarokov’s article “To typographers”

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-480
Author(s):  
Yulia V. Slozhenikina ◽  
Andrey V. Rastyagaev
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Russian Literary ◽  
History Of

The actuality of the undertaken research is conditioned by the necessity to study the role of Russian literature and journalism, separate linguistic programs of the middle of the 18th century in assertion of the main characteristics of the literary standard, which began to take shape in 80 years of this century. The aim of the scientific study is to analyze the similarities and differences between the linguistic theories of A. Sumarokov and V. Trediakovsky, to establish the place of this polemic in the history of Russian literary language of the 18th century, its significance for the formation of the literary standard. The language material is the original text of Sumarokov's article To typographers (K tipografskim naborshhikam), published in the May issue of the journal Trudolyubivaya pchela (1759). The system of views of scholars and writers of the mid-18th century on the Russian language are presented by means of descriptive and comparative methods with revealing the specifics of each language concept. An integral part of the methodology was the observation of the word usage in the texts by A. Sumarokov and V. Trediakovsky. The use of methods of linguoculturology made it possible to present linguistic polemics as a phenomenon of Russian culture. The extra-linguistic method and the method of reconstruction from historical sources were used to establish the phenomena of extra-linguistic reality that influenced the problems of the philological discussion. The results of the research showed that the extra-linguistic reason for writing the article was determined, the tradition of the writers' appealing to the typesetters in the history of domestic printing of the first half of the 18th century was traced, the group of works with which Sumarokov-philologist enters polemics was determined, the main concepts of the article were identified, the position of Sumarokov from the point of view of normalization of graphic, morphological, orthographic practice in the middle of the 18th century was fixed; the article by Sumarokov was considered in accordance with the concept of metatextual unity in the world. The prospects of the research relate to the fundamental theoretical development of the role of 18th century Russian literature in the formation of the Russian literary language standard.

scholarly journals Depiction of Home Interiors in Illustrations of Molière’s Works in French 18th-Century Editions

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-142
Author(s):  
Elena V. Borshch ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Design Style

This article examines the problem of depicting a home interior as a setting with reference to the French literary illustration of the eighteenth century. Referring to the interior scenes from two different series of illustrations to the same literary texts, the author considers the role of the texts in the formation of visual images of a home interior; the methods of depicting a home interior by different artists; the visual prototypes of the image of the interior. The main sources of the research are illustrations of two French editions of Molière’s Works: a series of engravings based on drawings by F. Boucher (1734) and ones by J.-M. Moreau (Moreau le Jeune) (1773). The texts of some comedies are compared with illustrations from two different editions. The comparison demonstrates that the interior, schematically described by Molière, was arbitrarily depicted by the artists as the apartments of a noble house. They used typology, dйcor, and furnishings that are relevant to their time. Boucher chose the Rococo style (1730s), while Moreau preferred the Transition style (1760–1770s). The comparison of the illustrations with each other proves that the artists copied the details of similar illustrations by P. Brissart (1682). Also, Moreau used Boucher’s compositions as prototypes. The comparison of the illustrations with architectural engravings proves that the interior projects were also prototypes for the artists. As a result, the author notes the patterns of depicting a home interior as a setting: the image of visual interiors did not literally depend on the text; the interior model was determined by the illustrator’s creative credo and followed the fashionable design style; the artists created the image of the interior using analogous illustrations and projects of architects and decorators.

scholarly journals Штрихи к лингвистическому портрету А. М. Пешковского в контексте научной полемики его времени

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-158
Author(s):  
О. В. НИКИТИН
Keyword(s):  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Scientific Integrity ◽  
Scientific Biography ◽  
Formal Approach ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Russian Literary ◽  
Relationship Of

This paper reveals little-known episodes from A. Peshkovsky's scientific biography and analyses some fragments of his books and articles in the 1920s and 1930s that became the focus of linguistic discussions and showed ambiguous ideological situation in the science of that time. Special attention is paid to the formation of A. Peshkovsky as a linguist and methodist. His first works on “school and scientific grammar” that laid the foundations of the modern approach to the study of the theory and practice of syntax are analysed. It is noted that the studies by A. Peshkovsky teetered at the level of implementing the ideas of the old Moscow linguistic school of academicians Fortunatov and Shakhmatov, while gravitating toward the insight of A. Potebnya and yet showing at the same time a different way of understanding grammatical ideas. The author claims that A. Peshkovsky went from the traditional diachronic analysis in the direction of the formal approach, while not abandoning “the psychological perception of the word”. A. Peshkovsky, a reformer taking a stand in his search and linguistic experiments against the Marrist and tunnel-visioned understanding of the tasks of Soviet linguistics and methodological science, was subjected to unfair criticism for his stance. The discussions that took place at that time testify to the consistency and scientific integrity of the scientist's views in the era of the struggle against “eclecticism”, “formalism”, and “incorrigible Indo-Europeanism”. The paper presents some instances of correspondence disputes by V. Voloshinov and M. Bakhtin with A. Peshkovsky on the issues in relationship of grammar and stylistics. His opponents believed that “grammar detached from the semantic and stylistic side of speech inevitably degenerates into scholasticism”. Drawing on materials from archives and personal collection, the author of this paper gives unique facts of the lexicographical activity of A. Peshkovsky in the early 1920s related to his work on the explanatory dictionary of the Russian literary language (not published). The closing part of the paper analyses the dispute between L. Timofeev and A. Peshkovsky. It is stated that “the new theory of the rhythm of prose” by A. Peshkovsky and his works on psychophonetics caused an ambiguous reaction in the philological community and contributed to the activation of research seeking for a “system of division of prose into units” and other experiments on the study of literary texts. Consideration is also given to the works by A. Peshkovsky in the 1930s, in which the scientist solved new problems in the field of formal characteristics of words and word combinations, wrote about the functioning of literary speech as well as the role of intonation in the formation of the syntactic structure of the sentence. Emphasis is laid on the originality and experimental character of many theses by A. Peshkovsky further developed in the late 20th and early 21st centuries.

Gender, Technology and the New Woman

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Wånggren
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New Woman ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Gender And Technology ◽  
The New Woman ◽  
Grant Allen

This book examines late nineteenth-century feminism in relation to technologies of the time, marking the crucial role of technology in social and literary struggles for equality. The New Woman, the fin de siècle cultural archetype of early feminism, became the focal figure for key nineteenth-century debates concerning issues such as gender and sexuality, evolution and degeneration, science, empire and modernity. While the New Woman is located in the debates concerning the ‘crisis in gender’ or ‘sexual anarchy’ of the time, the period also saw an upsurge of new technologies of communication, transport and medicine. This book explores the interlinking of gender and technology in writings by overlooked authors such as Grant Allen, Tom Gallon, H. G. Wells, Margaret Todd and Mathias McDonnell Bodkin. As the book demonstrates, literature of the time is inevitably caught up in a technological modernity: technologies such as the typewriter, the bicycle, and medical technologies, through literary texts come to work as freedom machines, as harbingers of female emancipation.

New understanding and old myths. On I. Esaulov’s Russian Classics: New Understanding [Russkaya klassika: novoe ponimanie]

2020 ◽  
pp. 178-191
Author(s):  
E. V. Abdullaev
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
Eastern Orthodox ◽  
Literary Canon ◽  
Eastern Orthodoxy ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Russian Literary ◽  
Methodological Principles

The article examines methodological principles of studying the Russian literary canon in the cultural context of Eastern Orthodoxy, as demonstrated in I. Esaulov’s book. While acknowledging the importance of the book’s method, the article reviews and criticizes the concepts used by the scholar (the Eastern archetype, the Christmas archetype, the categories of Law and Grace, etc.). In particular, the author challenges the statement that a writer populates his works with archetypes prevailing in his culture (so Eastern Orthodox ones in the case of Russian culture), often against his own religious principles. Also subjected to critical analysis is the thesis about the Easter archetype being more specific to Russian literature, with the Christmas archetype being more typical of Western literature. On the whole, the paper argues that the transhistorical approach declared by the scholar as opposed to the rigorously historical method (M. Gasparov and others) may often lead to strained hypotheses and mythologizing; all in all, it may result in an ahistorical perception of both Eastern Orthodoxy and the literary canon.

Dažu vācu muzikālo tradīciju pārnese latviešu kultūrtelpā 18. gadsimta II pusē

Letonica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Māra Grudule
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Musical Instrument ◽  
German Society ◽  
Original Form ◽  
Musical Life ◽  
Popular Songs ◽  
Death Of Jesus ◽  
Musical Traditions ◽  
Insight Into

The article gives insight into a specific component of the work of Baltic enlightener Gotthard Friedrich Stender (1714–1796) that has heretofore been almost unexplored — the transfer of German musical traditions to the Latvian cultural space. Even though there are no sources that claim that Stender was a composer himself, and none of his books contain musical notation, the texts that had been translated by Stender and published in the collections “Jaunas ziņģes” (New popular songs, 1774) and “Ziņģu lustes” (The Joy of singing, 1785, 1789) were meant for singing and, possibly, also for solo-singing with the accompaniment of some musical instrument. This is suggested, first, by how the form of the translation corresponds to the original’s form; second, by the directions, oftentimes attached to the text, that indicate the melody; and third, by the genres of the German originals cantata and song. Stender translated several compositions into Latvian including the text of the religious cantata “Der Tod Jesu” (The Death of Jesus, 1755) by composer Karl Heinrich Graun (1754–1759); songs by various composers that were widely known in German society; as well as a collection of songs by the composer Johann Gottlieb Naumann (1741–1801) that, in its original form, was published together with notation and was intended for solo-singing (female vocals) with the accompaniment of a piano. This article reveals the context of German musical life in the second half of the 18th century and explains the role of music as an instrument of education in Baltic-German and Latvian societies.

Writing and Ritual in Deuteronomy 28

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Quick
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Written Word ◽  
Ritual Process ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Ritual Context

This chapter argue that ritual behaviours might be just as good a source as literary texts for the diffusion of traditional cursing and treaty material across different cultures in the ancient Near East. In particular, the role of ad hoc oral Targum in the ritual process could have been an important means by which traditions were shared between different language communities. Recognition of the ritual context of this material also provides insights for the comparative method, the dating and authorship of Deuteronomy 28, and the subversive impetus thought to have stood behind its composition. Ultimately, the function of the written word in a largely oral world is shown to be fundamental to understanding the composition, function and the early history of the curses in the book of Deuteronomy.

The Case of Undetected Fraud: Can Audit Firm Policies or Highlighting the Fraud Examiner’s Role Reduce Juror Assessments of Auditor Negligence?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph F. Brazel ◽  
Christine Gimbar ◽  
Tammie J. Schaefer
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Reference Point ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
Professional Skepticism ◽  
Audit Firm

This study explores two potential safeguards against liability when auditors exercise professional skepticism, but do not detect a fraud: (1) a firm policy requiring a specific level of professional skepticism in high-risk audit areas and (2) providing jurors with key differences between the role of a fraud examiner and the role of an auditor as a reference point for judging the auditor’s performance. We find that describing a specific firm policy to jurors does not significantly decrease negligence findings for auditors who do not detect a fraud. However, providing the role of a fraud examiner as a reference point (e.g., scope of work, testing approaches) does significantly decrease negligence findings. Encouragingly, we also find some evidence that jurors are apt to decrease negligence findings when auditors exercise higher skepticism, but ultimately do not detect a fraud.

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