scholarly journals State of Split Birch Woods of the Southern Trans-Urals in the Zone of High Anthropogenic Load on Natural Ecosystems

2021 ◽  
pp. 427-441
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Kudryavtsev ◽  
М. L. Oparin ◽  
О. S. Oparina ◽  
A. В. Mamaev ◽  
D. V. Kovalev
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Southern Siberia ◽  
Anthropogenic Transformation ◽  
Wide Range

The paper presents the results of our study of ecosystem diversity and the state of split-forest areas located in the Shchuchansky district of the Kurgan region. The species composition of forest stands, the productivity of tree species, the composition of underwood, brushwood and ground cover in plantations were analyzed. Data on the distribution of forest stands of various ages, composition, types of underwood and brushwood, as well as the main dominants of the ground cover are presented. Our studies have shown that forest communities are quite distinctly different in the nature of all storeys. A preliminary assessment of the economic impact on the territory of the site made it possible to identify significant changes in all the components of forest ecosystems, namely, ground cover, the composition and productivity of forest stands. The diversity of forest ecosystems in the study area is due to the ability of many plant species to inhabit a wide range of ecological conditions, as well as the composition, age and crowncontact, which, in turn, determines the nature of the storey of shrubs and ground cover. The volume of the forest type was taken quite large, it combined plantations of all age stages of forest stands development. Features of forest vegetation, typical for split forests of the Southern Trans-Urals, were revealed, namely: mosaic vegetation cover, low crown-contact and the presence of open spaces species in the lower storeys. The materials obtained showed that, despite the significant anthropogenic transformation, the forest ecosystems of the study area retained the main features characteristic of the peculiar vegetation of the forest-steppe of southern Siberia. The research results will make it possible to assess the diversity of forest ecosystems, to give a preliminary forecast of the dynamics of the site's vegetation and can be used in the development of a scientifically grounded strategy for forest management in the region under the conditions of the joint action of many natural and anthropogenic factors.

scholarly journals SYNANTROPIZATION FLORA OF PRIPYAT POLESIE AS AN INDICATOR OF ITS ANTHROPOGENIC TRANSFORMATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-285
Author(s):  
A. M. Mialik ◽  
V. I. Parfenov
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Anthropogenic Transformation ◽  
Natural Region ◽  
Geographic Structure ◽  
Degree Of Naturalization ◽  
Synanthropic Species ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mediterranean Origin ◽  
Natural Flora

The article deals with the peculiarities of the synanthropic component of the flora of the Pripyat Polesie – a natural region located in the southern part of Belarus. It is represented by 810 species of vascular plants that can grow in disturbed human habitats. Among the synanthropic species, 563 taxons (69.5 % of their total number) are adventitious (or anthropophytes), and 247 (or 30.5 %) are aboriginal (apophytes) in relation to the flora under consideration. The geographic structure of the apophytes of the flora of Pripyat Polesie indicates their wide range and weak zonal confinement. Anthropophytes have a more complex genesis with respect to the time and manner of skidding, as well as the degree of naturalization in the natural ecosystems of the southern part of Belarus. They are based on a group of plant species of ancient mediterranean origin. The biomorphological features of the synanthropic species, as well as their relation to environmental factors such as moisture and soil fertility, show that in the process of synanthropization and anthropogenic transformation, the natural flora and natural vegetation cover acquire features characteristic of phytophores in more southern areas.

scholarly journals Rare spider species (Araneae) of protected steppe areas of the Kharkiv Region (Ukraine)

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Habitat Specificity ◽  
Southern Boundary ◽  
Anthropogenic Transformation ◽  
Geographic Ranges ◽  
Spider Species ◽  
Sparse Vegetation ◽  
Nature Park

A total of 426 spider species is known in the fauna of the Kharkiv Region. Of these, 32 species may be considered rare and/or vulnarable. The largest steppe areas in the Kharkiv Region are protected in the National Nature Park “Dvorichanskyi” and the Regional Landscape Park “Velykoburlutskyi Steppe”. The former hosts 11 rare spider species, the latter 13 species, and eight species occur in both Parks. For the species Lathys heterophthalma, Trachyzelotes lyonneti, Russocampus polchaninovaе, and Euryopis laeta it is the only valid record from Ukraine; for Pardosa maisa, Dipoena coracina, and Talavera aperta, maximun two or three localities are known. Titanoeca veteranica and Altella hungarica are the new records to the Kharkiv Region. Two species are extremely rare, Altella hungarica has been found in only seven localities in Europe, and Russocampus polchaninovae in four localities. Northern boundaries of the geographic ranges of Civizelotes pygmaeus, Gnaphosa dolosa, Xysticus marmoratus, X. mongolicus, and the southern boundary of Gnaphosa lugubris run through the Kharkiv Region. On the edges of their areas, these species become habitat specialists and occur only in steppes and/or dry meadows. Xyticus mongolicus inhabits sandy and chalky steppes with sparse vegetation. Gnaphosa taurica has high ecological plasticity in the steppe zone, while in the forest-steppe, it is limited with chalk and limestone outcrops. Some species like Gnaphosa lugubris, G. licenti, G. taurica, Zora pardalis and Eresus kollari, were abundant in our samplings while 19 species were found as singletons. G. taurica, and E. kollari preferred chalky slopes, G. licenti both chalky slopes and top of a southern ungrazed slope, G. lugubris dominated on all slopes in the Velykoburlutskyi Steppe, while Z. pardalis was the most abundant in ungrazed gully bottoms in both Parks. Being not numerous, Altella hungarica, Euryopis laeta, Civizelotes pygmaeus and Drassyllus vinealis occurred annually in the same habitats that may indicate stability of their populations. Given their habitat specificity, even numerous species became vulnerable under the threat of anthropogenic transformation of natural ecosystems. The only way to protect them is to preserve their habitats.

scholarly journals Problem-analytical database of Invasive species: structure, functions and perspectives of application

2019 ◽  
pp. 125-142
Author(s):  
A. Malynovskyi
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Species Structure ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Network Resource ◽  
Wide Range

Alongside global climatic and anthropogenic changes of the second half of the XX century, problems of expanding habitats and the negative impact of invasive species on natural ecosystems have become more acute. Biological invasions are caused by a number of natural and anthropogenic factors: invasions associated with outbreaks of the population and the expansion of the habitat; introduction for practical purposes and cultivation in botanical gardens, nurseries; accidental spreading by transport network, by import of agricultural products, etc. Strategies for mitigating the effects of invasive species on the environment consist of objective assessments and reliable forecasts based on various potential scenarios of climate change and extent of environmental degradation. The database "Invasive species" was developed as the main component of the regional monitoring network of the resettlement control of invasive and potentially invasive plant species. It is based on the accumulation, generalization and multivariate analysis data analysis and the possibility of predicting further invasions under different scenarios of environmental changes. The obtained results will be the basis for the development of a new integrated technology for risks assessment of invasion and the widest usage of effective methods of biocontrol in agriculture and forestry, health care and biodiversity conservation, monitoring of the invasive process, forecasting environmental situations, organizing measures to control invasive species and, ultimately, to ensure environmental and economic security. Information product in the form of a database provides access to the network resource and technologies is a subject of interest to a number of ministries and departments, a wide range of state and commercial structures working in various fields, and also serve as a social advertisement for improving environmental education.

scholarly journals The organization of nature in the virgin forest areas of Siberia

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-47
Author(s):  
Андрей Вайс ◽  
Andrey Vays ◽  
Сергей Шевелев ◽  
Sergey Shevelev ◽  
Павел Михайлов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Virgin Forest ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Forest Use

The organization of forest management in intact forest landscapes (IFL) is currently an acute and insufficiently methodologically provided problem, which causes numerous discussions and disputes. Siberia is a wide area and heterogeneous in terms of the disturbance of the territory. The use of natural resources on such vast area has its own specifics, which must be taken into account. Intensive forest management, which covers a significant part of boreal forests, leads to a decrease in biodiversity. Evaluation of the structural, component and functional diversity of forest areas showed that not always one source gives complete information (for example, the absence of an indication of the forest type in the background surveys does not allow to determine the ecological-cenotic group (ECG) of the ground cover plants). The forest management project in the intact territory can be represented by a whole complex of elements (accounting of forest use in adjacent territories, study of background disturbances of the landscape, assessment of species and structural plant diversity, organization of «sparing forest use» in the zone of «limited forest use», identification and description of the most valuable sites by unified criteria, organization of an ecological network) that will support biodiversity and the implementation of environmental functions at the level of ecosystems (large forest landscape). The organization of nature management in IFL requires a whole range of knowledge on various issues of landscape design, ecology, geobotany, silviculture, forest inventory, geoinformation systems, etc. To do this, it is necessary to involve a wide range of stakeholders. Only such an approach will allow, on the one hand, to harmonize rational use of natural resources, on the other hand, to maximally preserve natural landscapes in their natural dynamics.

scholarly journals Population dynamics and types of habitats at breeding sites of raptors (Falconiformes) of the Donetsk Ridge along a gradient of anthropogenic disturbance

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 464-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. O. Vysochyn
Keyword(s):  
Birds Of Prey ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Anthropogenic Transformation ◽  
General Decline ◽  
The Impact

Studies of diurnal birds of prey may be quite indicative of the state of natural ecosystems and of the level of impact of human-induced factors on their functions. The aim of this work was to analyse the long-term dynamics of the raptor populations within the Donetsk Ridge, to identify which habitat or habitat mosaics are preferred in nesting territories and home ranges depending on the level of anthropogenic transformation of the environment. The studies were conducted in 1999–2019. The total length of the walking routes was 2,864 km while a distance of 1,548 km was covered by car routes. 306 nests of the birds of prey or those potentially belonging to the members of this group were found and re-examined. The long-term dynamics of the population of Falconiformes was characterized by a general decline in the numbers of most species. There was a loss of representatives of the boreal and desert-steppe faunistic complexes and simultaneous increase in the participation of representatives of the nemoral and forest steppe faunistic complexes associated with the floodplain forests of the Siversky Donets River valley and the bayrak oak forests of the central part of the Donetsk Ridge. The impact of the anthropogenic factor on the dynamics of the population of the birds of prey is ambiguous. For the species which are sensitive to changes in the environment, such as the European Honey Buzzard, the Northern Goshawk, the Merlin and the Red-footed Falcon, a general negative dynamics of the populations is observed. The positive trend in the numbers of the Long-legged Buzzard and the Saker Falcon is linked to the expansion of the both species into the territory of the Donetsk Ridge. The habitat structure of the nesting territories is quite diverse in different species of diurnal birds of prey. This is especially noticeable in the ratio of forest and grassland habitats. Based on the selectivity index, we found that the vast majority of the raptors of the Donetsk Ridge prefer temperate broad-leaved forests when choosing nesting territories. The structure of the home ranges of all forest species of diurnal birds of prey not only depends on the optimal ratio of open and forested areas but on the presence of ecotones of considerable length which originated in the complex mosaics of habitat complexes. The stable number of dendrophiles and the disappearance (decrease in number) of sclerophiles and campophiles indicates the least anthropogenic transformation of forest habitats and a radical transformation of open spaces – meadows and steppes. The most successful were eurytopic birds of prey and species with pronounced anthropotolerance.

scholarly journals Natural Disturbance Dynamics Analysis for Ecosystem-Based Management—FORDISMAN

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 663
Author(s):  
Kalev Jõgiste ◽  
Lee E. Frelich ◽  
Floortje Vodde ◽  
Ahto Kangur ◽  
Marek Metslaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Natural Disturbance ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Ecosystem Resilience ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Promising Line ◽  
The Impact

Forest ecosystems are shaped by disturbances and functional features of vegetation recovery after disturbances. There is considerable variation in basic disturbance characteristics, magnitude, severity, and intensity. Disturbance legacies provide possible explanations for ecosystem resilience. The impact (length and strength) of the pool of ecosystem legacies and how they vary at different spatial and temporal scales is a most promising line of further research. Analyses of successional trajectories, ecosystem memory, and novel ecosystems are required to improve modelling in support of forests. There is growing evidence that managing ecosystem legacies can act as a driver in adaptive management to achieve goals in forestry. Managers can adapt to climate change and new conditions through anticipatory or transformational strategies of ecosystem management. The papers presented in this Special Issue covers a wide range of topics, including the impact of herbivores, wind, and anthropogenic factors, on ecosystem resilience.

scholarly journals Anthropogenic Transformation of the Vegetation in the Areas of Environmental Contact Zones of the South-Western Trans-Baikal

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 88-106
Author(s):  
А.P. Sizykh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Difference ◽  
Transitional Zone ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Background Characteristics ◽  
Structural Dynamic ◽  
Anthropogenic Transformation ◽  
General Studies ◽  
Dynamic Organization

While performing studies we imposed the tasks to reveal general (background) characteristics of structural-dynamic organization of the vegetation and to find out the peculiarities of formation of phytocoenoses on the sites reflecting the specifics and trends of their modern formation under anthropogenic impact, such as fires, cutting and pasturage during several decades. The studied area is situated in the transitional zone between the forest-steppe and zonal steppes characteristic for South-East Asia – i.e., in an interzonal ecotone. An interzonal ecotone consists of coenoses forming under transitional environmental conditions, in this case – between forest-steppe and steppe areas of North and Central Asia. Main attention was paid to the characteristics of the actual state of phytocoenoses forming under different conditions of their recent destructions; species composition of synfolia and the most characteristic proxy species determining the actual state and the vector of formation of steppe coenoses and forests during last decades were studied with a particular attention. While analyzing the data obtained, we took into account as well the characteristics of the vegetation structure in the studied area presented in published papers of numerous researchers for many years. The results of general studies of the Baikal Region vegetation were also taken into account. The interzonal ecotone itself including the area of our studies always reflects spatial-dynamic organization of vegetation in the environmental zones in time and space. Anthropogenic factors are increase of the spatial and structural difference of the plant communities of the environmental contact all time.

scholarly journals Influence of forest technical measures on the reproduction of rare phytorification in forest ecosystems of the Forest Steppe of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Shevchyk ◽  
I. Tymochko ◽  
І. Solomakha
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Protective Forest

An interesting aspect is the issue of acquiring natural features by artificially created tree plantations on the territory of the forest steppe zone of Ukraine. This paper analyzes the conditions of emergence and formation of new habitats rare plant species populations in different types of artificial trees and shrubs of the Forest Steppe of Ukraine. Complexes of natural and anthropogenic factors of necessary conditions creation for realization of this process are defined. The peculiarities of the negative impact of various economic measures on the reduction of the number of individuals of sozophyte plants and even the disappearance of some of their populations are reflected. The peculiarities of the negative impact of various economic measures on the reduction of the sozophyte plants individuals’ number and even the disappearance of some of their populations are reflected. To improve the protection of sozophytes in the forests of the forest steppe zone, it is advisable to review the implementation of certain methods of forest management measures. In particular, it is necessary to completely ban continuous felling in forests of natural origin and the allocation of biofields for natural reforestation. To improve the condition of forest coenoses of protective plantations, including field protective forest strips, it is necessary to conduct a series of experiments with the subsequent development of technology for their coenotic correction in order to increase the general ecological, including phytososological, significance. The implementation of a set of phytomeliorative measures in the creation of protective forest plantations to some extent will help prevent possible climate change, local disasters and will have a positive impact on the processes of crop formation. The creation of sustainable forest plantations will allow the application of environmental protection measures using the regulatory and protective functions of forest ecosystems. Compliance with all these conditions will contribute to the manifestation of various environmental measures for the development and conservation of biological diversity.

The Influence of Fires on Forest Ecosystems

2020 ◽  
pp. 345-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Anatolievna Pasko ◽  
Vasily Fedorovich Kovyavin ◽  
Nadezhda Anatolyevna Lebedeva
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Natural Ecosystems

The chapter focuses on the role of fire as an environmental factor affecting the components of the forest ecosystem. The classification of forest fires according to the fire location in the forest ecosystem is given. Negative impact of fire on communities and people, components of forest ecosystems: a phytocoenosis (the forest under-growth, understory, ground cover), tocinos (animal world), klimatop (atmosphere and climate) and adatom (topography and soil) are discussed. The role of fire as a factor of organisms and natural ecosystems' evolution in general is studied. The problems of forest restoration on fires (fumes) are considered. Research established that the degree of damage to the ecosystem components and social consequences depend on the forest fire type, natural conditions, and forest conditions of the region.

scholarly journals Anthropogenic Transformation of the Vegetation in the Areas of Environmental Contact Zones of the South-Western Trans-Baikal

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 87-106
Author(s):  
А.P. Sizykh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Difference ◽  
Transitional Zone ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Background Characteristics ◽  
Structural Dynamic ◽  
Anthropogenic Transformation ◽  
General Studies ◽  
Dynamic Organization

While performing studies we imposed the tasks to reveal general (background) characteristics of structural-dynamic organization of the vegetation and to find out the peculiarities of formation of phytocoenoses on the sites reflecting the specifics and trends of their modern formation under anthropogenic impact, such as fires, cutting and pasturage during several decades. The studied area is situated in the transitional zone between the forest-steppe and zonal steppes characteristic for South-East Asia – i.e., in an interzonal ecotone. An interzonal ecotone consists of coenoses forming under transitional environmental conditions, in this case – between forest-steppe and steppe areas of North and Central Asia. Main attention was paid to the characteristics of the actual state of phytocoenoses forming under different conditions of their recent destructions; species composition of synfolia and the most characteristic proxy species determining the actual state and the vector of formation of steppe coenoses and forests during last decades were studied with a particular attention. While analyzing the data obtained, we took into account as well the characteristics of the vegetation structure in the studied area presented in published papers of numerous researchers for many years. The results of general studies of the Baikal Region vegetation were also taken into account. The interzonal ecotone itself including the area of our studies always reflects spatial-dynamic organization of vegetation in the environmental zones in time and space. Anthropogenic factors are increase of the spatial and structural difference of the plant communities of the environmental contact all time.

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