The Influence of Fires on Forest Ecosystems

2020 ◽  
pp. 345-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Anatolievna Pasko ◽  
Vasily Fedorovich Kovyavin ◽  
Nadezhda Anatolyevna Lebedeva
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Natural Ecosystems

The chapter focuses on the role of fire as an environmental factor affecting the components of the forest ecosystem. The classification of forest fires according to the fire location in the forest ecosystem is given. Negative impact of fire on communities and people, components of forest ecosystems: a phytocoenosis (the forest under-growth, understory, ground cover), tocinos (animal world), klimatop (atmosphere and climate) and adatom (topography and soil) are discussed. The role of fire as a factor of organisms and natural ecosystems' evolution in general is studied. The problems of forest restoration on fires (fumes) are considered. Research established that the degree of damage to the ecosystem components and social consequences depend on the forest fire type, natural conditions, and forest conditions of the region.

scholarly journals Ранні наслідки впливу лісової пожежі на різноманітність грибних угруповань соснових лісів Лівобережної України з особливим акцентом на мікоризних грибах

2021 ◽  
pp. 110-119
Author(s):  
K. V. Davydenko ◽  
N. Yu. Vysotska ◽  
V. S. Yushchyk ◽  
T. Yu. Markina
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Pine Plantation ◽  
Short Term

Forest fires constitute widespread and potentially destructive disturbances in forest ecosystems, particularly negative impact on soil mycorrhizal fungi which are major players of the belowground plant. This study investigated the short-term effects of wildfire on fungal communities in Left-Bank Ukraine with special emphasis on mycorrhizal fungi. During the fourteen months after autumn wildfire, fruiting bodies found in the plots were identified, and their mycological richness, diversity and production in both burned and unburnt areas were measured. Total fungal diversity decreased in burned plots, where fungal richness and diversity of mycorrhizal species were significantly lower. Our results also confirmed the data on a rather destructive influence of post-fire forest management on fungal diversity. Only three mycorrhizal fungi associated with Pinus sylvestris L. were common to both sites while pyrophilic species were in close association with burned sites. 3 Figs., 1 Table, 31 Refs. Key words: mycorrhiza, pine plantation, post-fire erosion, wildfire.

scholarly journals Finance and Management for the Anthropocene

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Shrivastava ◽  
Laszlo Zsolnai ◽  
David Wasieleski ◽  
Mark Stafford-Smith ◽  
Thomas Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Planetary Boundaries ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Leverage Points

The Anthropocene era is characterized by a pronounced negative impact of human and social activities on natural ecosystems. To the extent finance, economics and management underlie human social activities, we need to reassess these fields and their role in achieving global sustainability. This article briefly presents the scientific evidence on accelerating impacts of human activities on nature, which have resulted in breach of planetary boundaries and onset of global climate change. It offers some potential leverage points for change toward sustainability stewardship by highlighting the important role of finance and economics in addressing climate change. We examine the role of financial stakeholders in addressing planetary boundaries and offer a modified stakeholder theory, from which we propose future directions for finance in the Anthropocene.

scholarly journals NATURAL REGENERATION OF CONIFEROUS FORESTS OF THE LOWER ANGARA REGION AFTER THE FIRES OF VARYING INTENSITY

ÈKOBIOTEH ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 536-539
Author(s):  
S.V. Zhila ◽  
◽  
G.A. Ivanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Coniferous Forests ◽  
Ecosystem Productivity ◽  
Environmental Processes ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Coniferous Plantations

The issue of forest ecosystem productivity and stability of Siberia has not lost its relevance today. The study of this issue is directly related to the assessment of the role of forest ecosystems in global environmental processes. Every year on the territory of Siberia there are thousands of fires, most of which falls on the light coniferous plantations. In connection with what was shown in the quantitative and qualitative assessment of post-natural resumption after fires of different intensity.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE USED METHODS OF FOREST RESTORATION OF GREEN ZONES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
K. Stroganova ◽  
I. Shanin
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article examines the advantages and disadvantages of methods for restoring forest areas lost due to forest fires, illegal logging. The most relevant methods of reforestation measures for the reproduction of green zones in Russia have been identified, taking into account the reasons for the negative impact and the relationship of tree and shrub plantations with the nature of recreation. A comparative analysis of the methods of reforestation used in the formation and reconstruction of forestry areas is presented. The study determined that the most effective method for restoring forest areas is artificial reforestation. Today, most of the forest area is restored using traditional methods, including natural methods. It should be noted that regular forest fires have a detrimental effect on forestry and the country's ecology as a whole; here it is necessary to use the most effective methods aimed at accelerating the renewal of forest resources. The use of the artificial method of reforestation allows the use of seedlings both with an open root system and with a closed one, which are more resistant to various pests and diseases.

scholarly journals Biogeochemical cycles of chlorine in the coniferous forest ecosystem: practical implications

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 357-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Matucha ◽  
N. Clarke ◽  
Z. Lachmanová ◽  
S.T. Forczek ◽  
K. Fuksová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Chlorinated Organic Compounds ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Chlorinated Organic

Chlorine – one of the most widespread elements on the Earth – is present in the environment as chloride ion or bound to organic substances. The main source of chloride ions is the oceans while organically bound chlorine (OCl) comes from various sources, including anthropogenic ones. Chlorinated organic compounds were long considered to be only industrial products; nevertheless, organochlorines occur plentifully in natural ecosystems. However, recent investigations in temperate and boreal forest ecosystems have shown them to be products of biodegradation of soil organic matter under participation of chlorine. It is important to understand both the inorganic and organic biogeochemical cycling of chlorine in order to understand processes in the forest ecosystem and dangers as a result of human activities, i.e. emission and deposition of anthropogenic chlorinated compounds as well as those from natural processes. The minireview presented below provides a survey of contemporary knowledge of the state of the art and a basis for investigations of formation and degradation of organochlorines and monitoring of chloride and organochlorines in forest ecosystems, which has not been carried out in the Czech Republic yet.

scholarly journals Prescribed Fire — Its Place in Reforestation

1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 448-451
Author(s):  
A. D. Kiil ◽  
Z. Chrosciewicz
Keyword(s):  
Prescribed Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Close Association ◽  
The Public ◽  
Hazard Reduction ◽  
Resource Managers

Forest fires have played an important role in determining the type and composition of forest ecosystems in the temperate region of North America. The close association between fires and forest ecosystems has helped the resource manager to interpret the significance of fire in reforestation, which in turn has induced him to use burning for this specific purpose. Until very recently, however, most of the burns in Canada have been carried out primarily for slash-fire-hazard reduction. Considerations in the planning and use of prescribed fire for hazard reduction and reforestation are inextricably linked and sometimes complementary. In addition to protection and reforestation objectives, prescribed burning should find wide application in the management of wildlife habitats and watersheds. Recommendations are made to assist resource managers and the public in appreciating more fully the present and potential role of fire in the forest ecosystems.

scholarly journals Characteristics of the level of salinity and hunting resources in the Kemerovo region

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (43) ◽  
pp. 16-16
Author(s):  
Alexander Saakian ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
Fur Animals ◽  
The Impact

Environmental management is a priority for the development of science, technology and technology, which cannot be carried out without monitoring the state of the environment. Industrial-oriented natural ecosystems are experiencing significant anthropogenic pressures, resulting in an increased negative impact on the environment and a reduction in biodiversity. In this work, on the territory of the Kemerovo region - Kuzbass (on the territory of 19 administrative districts), an analysis of the impact of the area's planting on the number of hunting animals was carried out. This analysis was performed by correlation method. The source of information was official data for the period from 2015 to 2019 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of Kuzbass, the Department for the Protection of Animal Objects of Kuzbass, the Department of Forestry of Kuzbass, the Federal State Statistics Service of Kuzbass. The results of the landfill study showed a decrease in dynamics, which is associated with intensification of agriculture, unfavorable climatic conditions and forest fires. The largest decrease in the level was observed in the Izhmorsky, Kemerovo, Mariinsky and Prokopyevsky districts. The results of the study of the dynamics of the number of hunting animals (ungulates, bears and fur animals) presented in this work showed a stable, annual growth in numbers. The predominant ungulates of the region are Siberian roe deer and European elk of 5 species, fur animals are white hare, squirrel, common beaver, ondatra, sable, common badger, European mink of 17 species of animals, bears in the region are represented by a brown bear. There was a high and moderate inverse dependence of the dynamics of the number of brown bear, ungulates on the influence of the salinity of the fixed hunting grounds of various territories. The results showed that the increase in the number of bears and ungulates negatively affects the greenland of certain territories, which does not contradict the literary data. Keywords: BIODIVERSITY, BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES, FORESTS OF REGIONS, RATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, KEMEROVO REGION, HUNTING ANIMALS, POPULATION DYNAMICS, QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS

scholarly journals Diagnostics of soils located in the gradient of urban-technogenic impact

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-82
Author(s):  
S. G. Novikov ◽  
M. V. Medvedeva ◽  
A. N. Pekkoev ◽  
V. V. Timofeeva
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Ecological Monitoring ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Reference Plot

The rapidly progressing urbanization results in decline of environmentally valuable forest territory. Intact ecosystems bordering urban communities suffer from heavy technogenic pressure and degrade irreversibly over time. This situation necessitates studies that analyze the ecological condition of major components of forest ecosystems exposed to various levels of such pressure. The survey was carried out in the city of Petrozavodsk in sites with degraded, slightly disturbed, and undisturbed forest ecosystems. For each site, the soil condition was assessed, the tree stand and the living ground cover were described. As a result, it was found that soils in the slightly disturbed forest ecosystem generally corresponded to the natural background (Ferric Illuvial Podzol). Changes in their morphological and chemical properties compared to soils in the undisturbed reference plot were identified. The thickness and ash content of the upper organic horizon in the slightly disturbed site changed. The forest ecosystem was in the transitional stage (from I–II to III) of recreational digression and required infrastructural improvements. The forest ecosystem in the built-up site was totally destroyed. Irreversible transformation of its natural environment resulted in the loss of woody and ground vegetation. The native zonal soils were ruined, and their diagnostic horizons cannot be identified. There was observed a large amount of rocks and anthropogenic inclusions throughout the profile. According to the Russian soil classification, these formations belong to the subgroup of organo-mineral strata of technogenic surface formations. The collected data can be used as the basis for ecological monitoring of urban soils. Based on the findings, recommendations were given on how to conserve and improve the sanitary and esthetic functions of forest areas adjoining urban built-up land.

scholarly journals State of Split Birch Woods of the Southern Trans-Urals in the Zone of High Anthropogenic Load on Natural Ecosystems

2021 ◽  
pp. 427-441
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Kudryavtsev ◽  
М. L. Oparin ◽  
О. S. Oparina ◽  
A. В. Mamaev ◽  
D. V. Kovalev
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Southern Siberia ◽  
Anthropogenic Transformation ◽  
Wide Range

The paper presents the results of our study of ecosystem diversity and the state of split-forest areas located in the Shchuchansky district of the Kurgan region. The species composition of forest stands, the productivity of tree species, the composition of underwood, brushwood and ground cover in plantations were analyzed. Data on the distribution of forest stands of various ages, composition, types of underwood and brushwood, as well as the main dominants of the ground cover are presented. Our studies have shown that forest communities are quite distinctly different in the nature of all storeys. A preliminary assessment of the economic impact on the territory of the site made it possible to identify significant changes in all the components of forest ecosystems, namely, ground cover, the composition and productivity of forest stands. The diversity of forest ecosystems in the study area is due to the ability of many plant species to inhabit a wide range of ecological conditions, as well as the composition, age and crowncontact, which, in turn, determines the nature of the storey of shrubs and ground cover. The volume of the forest type was taken quite large, it combined plantations of all age stages of forest stands development. Features of forest vegetation, typical for split forests of the Southern Trans-Urals, were revealed, namely: mosaic vegetation cover, low crown-contact and the presence of open spaces species in the lower storeys. The materials obtained showed that, despite the significant anthropogenic transformation, the forest ecosystems of the study area retained the main features characteristic of the peculiar vegetation of the forest-steppe of southern Siberia. The research results will make it possible to assess the diversity of forest ecosystems, to give a preliminary forecast of the dynamics of the site's vegetation and can be used in the development of a scientifically grounded strategy for forest management in the region under the conditions of the joint action of many natural and anthropogenic factors.

scholarly journals ROLE OF REMOTE SENSING AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM TO ANALYZE THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON FOREST ECOSYSTEMS

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Shahid Mohommad ◽  
Shambhu Prasad Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Information System ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
The Impact

Climate change is an inevitable process impacting the forest ecosystem. Various impacts like treeline shift, forest fires, and Species distribution are due to the effect of climate change. Green House Gases concentration in the atmosphere is increasing day by day due to anthropogenic activities. The pace of climate change is very alarming which will have the substantial impact on the forest ecosystem. Role of remote sensing and geographic information system in observing the forest ecosystem was reviewed. Spatio-temporal analysis of change in forest structure can be proficiently done with the help of remote sensing and geographic information system. Climate Change Mitigation programmes like Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD-plus) can be implemented with the help of remote sensing and geographic information system. Baseline data generation using remote sensing and geographic information system can be useful in designing the policies for forest management and monitoring.

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