Natural Disturbance Dynamics Analysis for Ecosystem-Based Management—FORDISMAN

Forest ecosystems are shaped by disturbances and functional features of vegetation recovery after disturbances. There is considerable variation in basic disturbance characteristics, magnitude, severity, and intensity. Disturbance legacies provide possible explanations for ecosystem resilience. The impact (length and strength) of the pool of ecosystem legacies and how they vary at different spatial and temporal scales is a most promising line of further research. Analyses of successional trajectories, ecosystem memory, and novel ecosystems are required to improve modelling in support of forests. There is growing evidence that managing ecosystem legacies can act as a driver in adaptive management to achieve goals in forestry. Managers can adapt to climate change and new conditions through anticipatory or transformational strategies of ecosystem management. The papers presented in this Special Issue covers a wide range of topics, including the impact of herbivores, wind, and anthropogenic factors, on ecosystem resilience.

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Multi-Scale Spatiotemporal Change Characteristics Analysis of High-Frequency Disturbance Forest Ecosystem Based on Improved Spatiotemporal Cube Model

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13132537 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (13) ◽

pp. 2537

Author(s):

Yangcen Zhang ◽

Xiangnan Liu ◽

Meiling Liu ◽

Xinyu Zou ◽

Qian Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Frequency ◽

Forest Ecosystems ◽

Satellite Image ◽

Vegetation Indices ◽

Anthropogenic Factors ◽

Residential Areas ◽

Short Term ◽

Spatiotemporal Changes ◽

Spatiotemporal Scales ◽

The Impact

High-frequency disturbance forest ecosystems undergo complex and frequent changes at various spatiotemporal scales owing to natural and anthropogenic factors. Effectively capturing the characteristics of these spatiotemporal changes from satellite image time series is a powerful and practical means for determining their causes and predicting their trends. Herein, we combined the spatiotemporal cube and vegetation indices to develop the improved spatiotemporal cube (IST-cube) model. We used this to acquire the spatiotemporal dynamics of forest ecosystems from 1987 to 2020 in the study area and then classified it into four spatiotemporal scales. The results showed that the cube-core only exists in the increasing IST-cubes, which are distributed in residential areas and forests. The length of the IST-cube implies the duration of triggers. Human activities result in long-term small-scope IST-cubes, and the impact in the vicinity of residential areas is increasing while there is no change within. Meteorological disasters cause short-term, large scope, and irregular impacts. Land use type change causes short-term small scope IST-cubes and a regular impact. Overall, we report the robustness and strength of the IST-cube model in capturing spatiotemporal changes in forest ecosystems, providing a novel method to examine complex changes in forest ecosystems via remote sensing.

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Land–atmosphere interactions in the tropics

10.5194/hess-2019-12 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Pierre Gentine ◽

Adam Massmann ◽

Benjamin R. Lintner ◽

Sayed Hamed Alemohammad ◽

Rong Fu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Surface ◽

Deep Convection ◽

Lower Troposphere ◽

Surface Fluxes ◽

Surface Radiation ◽

Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽

Wide Range ◽

Shallow Clouds ◽

The Tropics ◽

The Impact

Abstract. The continental tropics play a leading role in the terrestrial water and carbon cycles. Land–atmosphere interactions are integral in the regulation of surface energy, water and carbon fluxes across multiple spatial and temporal scales over tropical continents. We review here some of the important characteristics of tropical continental climates and how land–atmosphere interactions regulate them. Along with a wide range of climates, the tropics manifest a diverse array of land–atmosphere interactions. Broadly speaking, in tropical rainforests, light and energy are typically more limiting than precipitation and water supply for photosynthesis and evapotranspiration; whereas in savanna and semi-arid regions water is the critical regulator of surface fluxes and land–atmosphere interactions. We discuss the impact of the land surface, how it affects shallow clouds and how these clouds can feedback to the surface by modulating surface radiation. Some results from recent research suggest that shallow clouds may be especially critical to land–atmosphere interactions as these regulate the energy budget and moisture transport to the lower troposphere, which in turn affects deep convection. On the other hand, the impact of land surface conditions on deep convection appear to occur over larger, non-local, scales and might be critically affected by transitional regions between the climatologically dry and wet tropics.

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SOIL CONDITIONS OF FOREST VEGETATION GROWTH OF NORTHERN VOLGA

Vestnik of Kazan state agrarin university ◽

10.12737/3822 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 112-116

Author(s):

Жубрин ◽

Denis Zhubrin ◽

Сабиров ◽

Ayrat Sabirov

Keyword(s):

Forest Soils ◽

Forest Ecosystems ◽

Biological Diversity ◽

Basic Research ◽

Economic Assessment ◽

Forest Vegetation ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Vegetation Growth ◽

Wide Range ◽

The Impact

Conducting soil studies are relevant in determining the subordination of forest types and biodiversity of vegetation to soil taxa, in determining the dependence of basic forest stand productivity from soil conditions, in creating a land registry and economic assessment of forest land, in studying the soil evolution of forest plantations under the impact of anthropogenic influences. Soil is the most important environmental factor in shaping the productivity and biodiversity of forest phytocenosis. The study of forest soils is also important in terms of basic research of their genesis, evolution. The article presents the results of research of soil conditions of vegetation growth of forest ecosystems of northern regions of Volga of the Republic of Tatarstan. The main types of forest soils are characterized in the paper. The studied forest formations grow on various soils on genesis and forest vegetation properties: sod-podzol, gray forest, brown forest, brown forest sandy, alluvial meadow, rendziny soil. The granulometric structure of soils varies from sandy to the clay. The well structured soils are formed on loamy layers under forest phytocenosis canopy. Pine and spruce ecosystems have a medi-decomposed litter of moder and multi-moder types; linden, oak, birch and aspen biogeocoenoses have strong-decomposed litter of multi type, that characterizes the intense biological cycle of substances in forest ecosystems. The wide range of place conditions of territories causes the biological diversity of forest vegetation at the level of species and ecosystems.

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TREE LITTER PRODUCTION AND DECOMPOSITION IN FOREST ECOSYSTEMS UNDER BACKGROUND CONDITIONS AND INDUSTRIAL AIR POLLUTION

Forest science issues ◽

10.31509/2658-607x-202143-87 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 1-52

Author(s):

E. A. Ivanova ◽

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Forest Ecosystems ◽

Point Sources ◽

Anthropogenic Factors ◽

Litter Production ◽

Industrial Air Pollution ◽

Tree Litter ◽

The Impact ◽

Natural And Anthropogenic Factors

The paper provides an overview of Russian and foreign articles devoted to the study of the tree litter production and decomposition in forest ecosystems subjected to natural and anthropogenic factors. The spatial variability (below crown and between crown spaces) and the seasonal features of the tree litter production, its chemical composition and decomposition processes are poorly studied. In addition, most of the works, both in native and foreign countries science, highlight the influence of natural factors on the litter production and the processes of its decomposition, while the impact of point sources of industrial air pollution is rarely considered. The study of the variability of the size, fractional and chemical composition and processes of decomposition of tree litter under conditions of industrial air pollution is important for predicting the dynamics of forest ecosystems subjected to the combined action of natural and anthropogenic factors and reducing the negative impact of production processes on forests.

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A lattice-automaton bioturbation simulator with coupled physics, chemistry, and biology in marine sediments (eLABS v0.2)

Geoscientific Model Development ◽

10.5194/gmd-12-4469-2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 4469-4496

Author(s):

Yoshiki Kanzaki ◽

Bernard P. Boudreau ◽

Sandra Kirtland Turner ◽

Andy Ridgwell

Keyword(s):

Marine Sediments ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Benthic Fauna ◽

Benthic Organism ◽

Numerical Representation ◽

Biological Engineering ◽

Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽

Wide Range ◽

Sediment Mixing ◽

The Impact

Abstract. Seawater–sediment interaction is a crucial factor in carbon and nutrient cycling on a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. This interaction is mediated not just through geochemistry but also via biology. Infauna vigorously mix sediment particles, enhance porewater–seawater exchange, and consequently, facilitate chemical reactions. In turn, the ecology and activity of benthic fauna are impacted by their environment, amplifying the sensitivity of seawater–sediment interaction to environmental change. However, numerical representation of the bioturbation of sediment has often been treated simply as an enhanced diffusion of solutes and solids. Whilst reasonably successful in representing the mixing of bulk and predominantly oxic marine sediments, the diffusional approach to bioturbation is limited by a lack of environmental sensitivity. To better capture the mechanics and effects of sediment bioturbation, we extend a published bioturbation model (Lattice-Automaton Bioturbation Simulator; LABS) by adopting a novel method to simulate realistic infaunal behavior that drives sediment mixing. In this new model (extended LABS – eLABS), simulated benthic organism action is combined with a deterministic calculation of water flow and oxygen and organic matter concentration fields to better reflect the physicochemical evolution of sediment in response to bioturbation. The predicted burrow geometry and mixing intensity thus attain a dependence on physicochemical sedimentary conditions. This interplay between biology, chemistry, and physics is important to mechanistically explain empirical observations of bioturbation and to account for the impact of environmental changes. As an illustrative example, we show how higher organic rain can drive more intense sediment mixing by “luring” benthic organisms deeper into sediments, while lower ambient dissolved oxygen restricts the oxic habitat depth and hence tends to reduce bulk mixing rates. Our model, with its oxygen and food availability controls, is a new tool to interpret the trace fossil record, e.g., burrows, as well as to explore biological engineering of past marine environments.

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Sustainable Energy Systems: Optimization and Efficiency

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10124405 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 4405 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

João Carlos de Oliveira Matias ◽

Radu Godina ◽

Edris Pouresmaeil

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Distributed Generation ◽

Sustainable Energy ◽

Energy Systems ◽

World Population ◽

Special Issue ◽

Wide Range ◽

Sustainable Energy Systems ◽

The Impact

The world population is growing at a very high rate, which also entails a massive increase in energy consumption, and also, therefore, in its production, which is gradually and steadily increasing. Energy and the environment are essential to achieving sustainable development, and constitute a fundamental part of human activity. If we consider energy efficiency as the use of an appliance, process or installation for which we try to produce more energy, but with less energy consumption than the average for these appliances, processes or installations, then achieving a higher energy efficiency is imperative. Energy efficiency is a cornerstone policy on the road to stopping climate change and to achieving sustainable societies, along with the development of renewable energy and an environmentally friendly transport policy. In this Special Issue, 11 selected and peer-reviewed articles have been contributed, on a wide range of topics under the umbrella of sustainable energy systems. The published articles encompass distinct areas of interest. One area addresses distributed generation, which addresses such topics as the optimal planning of distributed generation, protection of blind areas in distribution networks, multi-objective optimization in distributed generation, energy management of virtual power plants in distributed generation, and the impact of demand-response programs on a home microgrid, as well as concentrating solar power into a highly renewable, penetrated power system. The second section of the Special Issue addresses a wide range of topics, from parametric studies of 2 MW gas engines or data centers, to combustion characteristics of a non-premixed oxy-flame, to new techniques of PV Tracking, to applications of nanofluids in the thermal performance enhancement of parabolic trough solar collectors.

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Introduction

Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad ◽

10.36366/frontiers.v19i1.270 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. v

Author(s):

Brian Whalen

Keyword(s):

Study Abroad ◽

Strategic Partnership ◽

Official Journal ◽

Annual Conference ◽

Special Issue ◽

Education Abroad ◽

Double Blind ◽

Wide Range ◽

The Impact

The articles in this volume of Frontiers examine a wide range of issues and topics in education abroad on both theoretical and practical levels. From explorations of the meaning of global citizenship and the cultural, physical and virtual contexts of study abroad to examinations of language acquisition and the impact of study abroad on careers, this volume adds valuable information and insights to our understanding. Frontiers depends on the support of many institutions and individuals. Sponsoring institutions make is possible to publish Frontiers independently, thereby keeping the price low for the subscribers. The editorial board and the many volunteers who serve as manuscript reviews contribute their time and expertise and help determine the content of the journal. Their anonymous judgments of articles in a double-blind review process are one of the keys to producing high-quality content. Since 2002, Frontiers has been the official journal of the Forum on Education Abroad. Recently the strategic partnership between Frontiers and the Forum was updated so that Forum members will continue to receive complimentary subscriptions to Frontiers. Frontiers and the Forum share the goal of promoting and disseminating research that enlightens our understanding of education abroad. Research results inform us about the impact and effectiveness of education abroad programs so that the field can work to improve them to benefit students. As part of this partnership, the next volume of Frontiers, a Special Issue on “Study Abroad and the City,” will debut at the Forum’s Annual Conference in Boston, MA, April 6-8, 2011. The theme of the conference is “Making the Connection: Praxis and Theory in Education Abroad,” and a number of authors of the Frontiers Special Issue will lead sessions that use their articles as springboards for discussions. Brian Whalen, Editor Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad

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The Men and the Boys, Twenty Years On

Boyhood Studies ◽

10.3167/bhs.2020.140101 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Victoria Cann ◽

Sebastián Madrid ◽

Kopano Ratele ◽

Anna Tarrant ◽

Michael R.M. Ward ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Empirical Research ◽

Special Issue ◽

High Quality ◽

Wide Range ◽

Twentieth Anniversary ◽

The Impact ◽

Interdisciplinary Journal ◽

Research Studies

Following the launch of our first special issue in December 2020 (Cann et al. 2020) we are delighted to publish this second, linked issue. As evidence of the impact and dominance of Raewyn Connell’s ideas and their influence on the field, we received so many high-quality abstracts in response to our call for papers that we decided to create two collections. This second special issue of Boyhood Studies, An Interdisciplinary Journal, celebrates the twentieth anniversary of Raewyn Connell’s landmark text, The Men and the Boys (2000), and hosts a wide range of international and interdisciplinary authors to highlight the continued global relevance of the book and Connell’s work more widely. This issue continues this work by showcasing an impressive array of empirical research studies and reflection pieces by emerging and leading scholars that are guided by the original themes in The Men and the Boys.

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Human Activity Affects Forest Fires: The Impact of Anthropogenic Factors on the Density of Forest Fires in Poland

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12060728 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 728

Author(s):

Aleksandra Kolanek ◽

Mariusz Szymanowski ◽

Andrzej Raczyk

Keyword(s):

Forest Fires ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Human Life ◽

Anthropogenic Factors ◽

Road Density ◽

Regression Methods ◽

Wide Range ◽

Mixed Regression ◽

Almost All ◽

The Impact

Forest fires, due to climate change, are a growing threat to human life, health, and property, especially in temperate climates. Unfortunately, the impact of individual factors on forest fires varies, depending on the geographical region and its natural and socio-economic conditions. The latter are rarely introduced into fire warning systems, which significantly reduces their effectiveness. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to quantify the impact of a wide range of anthropogenic factors on forest fires, using Poland as a representative example of a Central European country. Data were analyzed in relation to districts for the period 2007–2017, using correlation analysis and regression modeling applying global and local/mixed regression methods. It was found that almost all of the 28 variables taken for analysis significantly determined the density of forest fires, but the greatest role was played by the length of the border between forests and built-up areas, and road density. In addition, the impact of most of the analyzed variables on forest fires varied over the study area, so implementing non-stationarity in geographically weighted regression models significantly improved the goodness-of-fit compared to global models.

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IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE FOREST RESOURCES OF THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN

Forestry Engineering Journal ◽

10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2020.4/8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 99-109

Author(s):

Regina Bayturina ◽

Aydar Gabdelhakov ◽

Olga Khalikova ◽

Zagir Rahmatullin ◽

Azat Timer'yanov

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Climate Changes ◽

Forest Ecosystems ◽

Forest Resources ◽

Anthropogenic Factors ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Impact Of Climate Change ◽

Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽

The Republic ◽

The Impact

The paper deals with the impact of climate change on the forest resources of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The basis of forest cover is formed by stands with a predominance of pine, spruce, birch, linden, alder, aspen, and oak. Climate changes directly or indirectly affect the state of forest ecosystems and, as a result, the development of the entire forestry complex of the Republic. The climate affects the productivity, species composition of forests, as well as their resistance to destructive natural and anthropogenic factors. One of the most pressing issues today is the assessment of the significance of the ongoing climate changes for forest ecosystems, both in the field of fundamental research and in the planning of socio-economic development of regions. Indicator plants confirm ecological displacement of the distribution areas of plant species due to changes in temperature and hydrological regimes, as well as anthropogenic factors. Proceeding from the fact that the type of forest is derived from climate, terrain, groundwater level, soil conditions, there is a problem of forecasting the climatically determined dynamics of the forest based on the current relief of the area and soils in the Republic of Bashkortostan

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