scholarly journals Effect of Heating Temperature and Residence Time on Morphology and Bonding Behavior of Torrefied Biochar from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12S2) ◽  
pp. 426-431
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Holding Temperature

This study was conducted to identify the potential of torrefied oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) biochar as a renewable energy sources by underwent torrefaction process based on holding temperature and residence time. The process has been carried out within holding temperature varied from 200 to 300°C in the absence of oxygen under low heating rate by using furnace in 30 to 90 minutes of their residence time, respectively. In brief, this study focused on the morphology as well as the bonding behavior of the torrefied OPEFB biochar due to its properties and functional groups in order to enhance the potential of the OPEFB as renewable energy sources by the aids of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). SEM images showed the surface morphology of OPEFB after undergo torrefaction by which it was completely decomposed by initiating pores while the structure become flattened with almost left sharp edge compared to the raw OPEFB. The changes of presence functional groups before and after the torrefaction process were observed under certain wavelength which were C=O (1750- 1680cm-1 ), N-H (3500-3100cm-1 ) and C-N (1350-1000cm-1 ). These functional groups determined the changes of functional groups as well as the wavelength whereby the degradation of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin take place.

scholarly journals Optimization and Characterization on Elemental and Crystallinity Index of Torrefied Biochar from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12S2) ◽  
pp. 758-762
Keyword(s):  
Residence Time ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Optimization Analysis ◽  
Holding Temperature

This research was conducted to optimize the torrefied oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) biochar yield from torrefaction process as an alternative renewable energy sources. The influence of three major torrefaction parameters namely particle size, holding temperature and residence time on calorific values was investigated. By using the response surface method (RSM), Box-Benhken model had been applied for generating shortest experiment run, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) had been utilized for optimization analysis. From ANOVA, the suggested parameters were the torrefaction at 300°C of holding temperature and 90 minutes of residence time in case to obtain the highest calorific value. Characterization of torrefied OPEFB biochar by elemental analyser and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were conducted to support the data. The carbon element in the torrefied OPEFB biochar was increased when the holding temperature and residence time increased while oxygen element amount is decreasing. This is due to decomposition of hemicellulose occurred in this region. For crystallinity index (CrI) by XRD, there was decreasing pattern occurred as the holding temperature and residence time increased from 200 – 300°C and 30 – 90 minutes respectively. This showes that the torrefied OPEFB biochar’s cellulose crystallinity is reduced as the cellulose become completely amorphous.

scholarly journals Characterization of Carbon Derived from Water Hyacinth as a Renewable Energy Sources

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Rani Kusumaningtyas ◽  
Wenny Maulina ◽  
Supriyadi Supriyadi
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Carbonization Process ◽  
Absorption Pattern

An alternative renewable energy sources, such as biomass, can be produced using the combustion process inside the furnace. In this work, carbon derived from water hyacinth be produced through carbonization process. The carbonization of water hyacinth was carried out at different temperature i.e. 400°C, 500°C and 600°C and subsequently analyzed with the SEM-EDX to determine the microstructure and atomic percentage of present elements. While the FTIR analysis was conducted to qualitatively verify the surface functional groups of carbon. The results of SEM-EDX analysis showed that the pores began to form at a carbonization temperature of 600°C and carbon content increased with increased temperature of carbonization process. FTIR analysis results showed that the functional groups in the carbon derived from water hyacinth had an absorption pattern with OH, C-H, C-O, and C=C bonds.

scholarly journals Characterization on Physical and Thermal Behavior of Torrefied Biochar from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12S2) ◽  
pp. 747-752
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Holding Temperature

This study was aimed to determine the physical properties including physical appearance, mass yield, proximate besides calorific value and thermal behavior of torrefied oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) biochar as an alternative renewable energy sources. The influence of three major torrefaction parameters namely particle size, holding temperature and residence time on them were investigated. The thermal behavior of torrefied OPEFB biochar has been identified using TGA-DSC. The degradation is divided into three stages which are dehydration, devolatilizations and decomposition of char. During the dehydration, the moisture and water content was removed and during second stage, the volatile matter was removed along with the removal of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin while on the third stage shows the decompositions of biochar to completely degrade.

Renewable Energy Sources

IEE Review ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Kenneth Spring
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources

Power Projects and Covid-19: A Practical Analysis of the Relevance of Force Majeure Clauses under the Standardised Power Purchase and Implementation Agreements of Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-193
Author(s):  
Aisha Naiga ◽  
Loyola Rwabose Karobwa
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
The State ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Force Majeure ◽  
Practical Analysis ◽  
Energy Justice

Over 90% of Uganda's power is generated from renewable sources. Standardised Implementation Agreements and Power Purchase Agreements create a long-term relationship between Generating Companies and the state-owned off-taker guaranteed by Government. The COVID-19 pandemic and measures to curb the spread of the virus have triggered the scrutiny and application of force majeure (FM) clauses in these agreements. This article reviews the FM clauses and considers their relevance. The authors submit that FM clauses are a useful commercial tool for achieving energy justice by ensuring the continuity of the project, despite the dire effects of the pandemic. Proposals are made for practical considerations for a post-COVID-19 future which provides the continued pursuit of policy goals of promoting renewable energy sources and increasing access to clean energy, thus accelerating just energy transitions.

A Study on the Countermeasures for Demand and Supply Control in Case of High Penetration of Renewable Energy Sources

2016 ◽  
Vol 136 (5) ◽  
pp. 459-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Tsujii ◽  
Takao Tsuji ◽  
Tsutomu Oyama ◽  
Yoshiki Nakachi ◽  
Suresh Chand Verma
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
High Penetration
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