scholarly journals Design and Performance Analysis of Rural Aquaculture Ponds using IoT

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 3078-3081
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Fish Ponds ◽  
Water Parameters ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Rural Aquaculture

Rural aquaculture is mostly based on open pond system. People in rural areas depend on aquaculture not only for food but also for livelihood. These are unmanaged fish ponds and deprived of any technological touches. To increase the livelihood, establishment of managed ponds and use of low cost IoT technology for monitoring fishponds is an important issue. By monitoring water parameters like PH, temperature, Turbidity fish growth can be increased. In this paper we have proposed a multiple fish pond design controlled by single center and wire and wireless mode of data collection. The proposed model is simulated using NetSim to generate network performance matrices. To achieve a prolonged battery life, concept of energy harvesting at sensor node level is introduced in the simulation study

Ecological Waste Treatment and Utilization Systems on Low-Cost, Energy-Saving/Generating and Resources Recoverable Technology for Water Pollution Control in China

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 9-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baozhen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Pollution Control ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fish Ponds ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
Recoverable Resources ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Rice Fish ◽  
Utilization Of Wastes

Various ecological waste treatment and utilization systems (EWTUS) available in urban and rural areas in China are described, among which are land treatment and utilization systems (LTUS), eco-pond systems mainly consisting of macrohydrophytes-growing ponds, fish ponds and duck/geese ponds, and comprehensive circulation eco–systems for the treatment and utilization of wastes in rural areas, such as semi–closed eco–system in fish ponds, “rice–fish” and “rice–azolla–fish” symbiotic systems, recycling eco–systems with methane-generating digesters as central link, and comprehensive recycling eco–systems with digesters and eco–ponds as central link. In the various EWTUS, the sewage and wastewaters and other wastes are utilized and converted into various forms of recoverable resources and/or energy, while they are being purified to good quality effluents, meeting their respective discharge standards, and hence acceptable to receiving waters.

scholarly journals Expanding the Level of Technological Readiness for a Low-Cost Vertical Hydroponic System

Inventions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Juan D. Borrero
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Food Sovereignty ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Technological Readiness ◽  
Readiness Level ◽  
And Performance

Climate and social changes are deeply affecting current agro-food systems. Unsustainable agricultural practices and the low profitability of small farmers are challenging the agricultural development of rural areas. This study aims to develop a novel, modular and low-cost vertical hydroponic farm system through reviews of the patented literature, research literature and variants of commercial products. After a detailed conceptualization process, a prototype was fabricated and tested at my university to validate its technology readiness level (TRL). The outcomes supported the usability and performance of the present utility model but highlighted several changes that are necessary before it can pass to the next TRL. This study shows that the prototype has the potential to not only solve food sovereignty but also to benefit society by advancing the innovations in food production and improving quality of life.

High-yield aquaculture using low-cost feed and waste recycling methods

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald L. Schroeder ◽  
Steven Serfling
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Fish Ponds ◽  
Fish Yield ◽  
Yield Production ◽  
Heterotrophic Microbes ◽  
Water Fish

AbstractConventional, low-yield aquaculture methods use earthen, standing water fish ponds that typically are stocked with 0.5 to 2 fish/m2and produce 3 to 10 tons of fish/ha/year using refined feeds. At higher fish stocking densities and fish yield, production of metabolites and residues exceeds such a pond's natural recycling capability, so that a higher rate of flushing is required. This wastes water and valuable nutrients and creates a potentially polluting effluent In an alternative system, by increasing the rate at which the metabolites and feed wastes are microbially processed within the culture system, production rates exceeding 500 tons of tilapia fish/ha/year have been attained with less than 0.5 percent water change daily. In preliminary experiments in this closed bioconversion system, we have replaced all formulated feeds with agricultural residues and fertilizers, which are converted into protein by intense microbial processing. The rate of fish growth indicated that much or possibly all the feed requirements of tilapia grown in this type of closed, densely stocked system can be satisfied by intense cultivation of heterotrophic microbes.

scholarly journals Stakeholder and Constraint-Driven Innovation of a Novel, Lever-Propelled, All-Terrain Wheelchair

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amos G. Winter
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Angular Displacement ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Disruptive Innovation ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Key Innovation ◽  
Propulsion Force ◽  
The Rich ◽  
And Performance

The Leveraged Freedom Chair (LFC) is a low-cost, all-terrain, lever-propelled wheelchair designed primarily for use in developing countries. LFC technology was conceived because 70 percent of wheelchair users in these markets live in rural areas and no currently available mobility aid enables them to travel long distances on rough terrain and maneuver in tight, indoor confines. Because developing world markets impose constraints on cost, durability, and performance, a novel solution was required to satisfy stakeholder requirements. The key innovation behind the LFC is its single speed, variable mechanical advantage lever drivetrain. The user effectively changes gear by shifting his hands along the levers; grasping near the ends increases torque, while grasping near the pivots enables a larger angular displacement with every stroke, which increases speed. The drivetrain is made from low-cost bicycle parts found throughout the developing world, which enables the LFC to be sold for $200 and be repairable anywhere. During three user trials in East Africa, Guatemala, and India, stakeholder feedback was used to refine the chair between trials, resulting in a device 9.1 kg (20 lbs) lighter, 8.9 cm (3.5 in) narrower, and with a center of gravity 12.7 cm (5 in) lower than the first iteration. Survey data substantiated increases in performance after successive iterations. Quantitative biomechanical performance data were also measured during the Guatemala and India trials, which showed the LFC to be 76 percent faster and 41 percent more efficient during a common daily commute, and able to produce 53 percent higher peak propulsion force compared to conventional, pushrim-propelled wheelchairs. The LFC offers comparable performance at less than one-twentieth the cost of off road wheelchairs available in the rich world. Stakeholder feedback and the highly-constrained environment for which the LFC was created drove the technology towards a novel, innovative solution that offers a competitive advantage in both developing and developed markets. The paper concludes with a description of how the LFC is a “constraint-driven innovation.” This idea ties together the theories of “disruptive innovation” and “reverse innovation,” and may be used as a design tool for engineers striving to create technologies that have global impact.

scholarly journals Utilization of UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) technology for mapping and identification of agroforestry land cover patterns in Namolandur Village, North Sumatra

2021 ◽  
Vol 912 (1) ◽  
pp. 012075
Author(s):  
H Arinah ◽  
A S Thoha ◽  
Z Mardiyadi ◽  
O A Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft ◽  
Fish Ponds ◽  
Land Utilization ◽  
Aerial Vehicle

Abstract Agroforestry-based land use is widely used in society, particularly in rural areas. With a combination of tree crops (annual) and crops (seasonal), agroforestry patterns can maximize land utilization. Unmanned aircraft, often known as drones, can map and detect land cover to optimise land usage based on agroforestry. Drones have various advantages, including low cost, ease of acquisition, and the ability to utilize them in high-risk situations without endangering human life or in difficult or inaccessible places. They can also fly at low altitudes, resulting in cloud-free shots and sharper images. This research focuses on using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to map agroforestry patterns in Namolandur Village and detect and determine the area of each agroforestry pattern land cover using aerial camera photos. Using the Mavic 2 pro drone and Pix4D Mapper software for aerial photo processing, Namolandur village became the research subject. The data analysis revealed that agrisilviculture, agrosilvofishery, and agrosilvopastoral were the forms of land use with agroforestry patterns in the village of Namolandur. In addition, water guava, duku fruit (Lansium domestika), oil palm, coconut, and a combination of fish ponds, cattle, and goats are among the geographical analysis of the area and each form of land use.

scholarly journals Organizational consulting models and performance improvement

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-213
Author(s):  
Rasa Nedzinskaite-Maciuniene ◽  
Agne Brandisauskiene ◽  
Jurate Cesnaviciene ◽  
Ramute Bruzgeleviciene
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
Organizational Consulting ◽  
Case Study Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
And Performance

This study is concerned with a possible organizational consulting model of schools in rural areas with unfavorable social, economic and cultural (SEC) environments. Specifically, the study offers a case study analysis of five rural schools of one Lithuanian municipality. The results yield a conceptual framework for a model of rural school consultation. The proposed model is in line with the theoretical approaches of the dynamic and the ecological theories. The obtained research results offer suggestions and insights for organizational development theory and practice.

scholarly journals An Accurate Probabilistic Model for TVWS Identification

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (20) ◽  
pp. 4232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Corral-De-Witt ◽  
Sabbir Ahmed ◽  
Faroq Awin ◽  
José Luis Rojo-Álvarez ◽  
Kemal Tepe
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Probabilistic Model ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
False Alarm Probability ◽  
Energy Detection ◽  
Spectrum Efficiency ◽  
Secondary Users ◽  
Primary Users ◽  
Proposed Model

Television White Spaces (TVWS)-based cognitive radio systems can improve spectrum efficiency by facilitating opportunistic usage of television broadcasting spectrum by secondary users without interfering with primary users. Previously applied models introduce missed detection errors, giving a limited estimation of the spectrum occupancy, which does not correspond to the reality of its usage, hence resulting in a partial waste of this resource. Considering jointly parameters like false alarm probability and detection probability, this article proposes a probabilistic model that can identify TVWS with improved accuracy. The proposed model considers energy detection criteria, combined with simultaneous sensing of the noise and of the signal from primary users. In order to demonstrate the model effectiveness, a low-cost Mobile Spectrum Sensing Station prototype was designed, implemented, and subsequently mounted on a vehicle. More than eight million spatio-temporally variant data samples were collected by scanning the UHF-TV spectrum of 500–698 MHz in the city of Windsor, ON, Canada. Analysis of the collected data showed that the proposed model achieves an accuracy improvement of about 9.6% compared to existing models, demonstrating that TVWS vary with spatial displacement and increasing significantly in the rural areas. Even in the most crowded spectrum zone, about 28% of the channels are identified as TVWS, and this number increases to a maximum of 60% in less crowded regions in urban areas. We conclude that the proposed model improves the TVWS detection compared with other used models, and also that the elements considered in this research contribute to reduce the complexity of the mathematical calculations while maintaining the accuracy. A low-cost open-source sensing station has been designed and tested, which represents an operative and useful data source in this setting.

scholarly journals SUBBASE: An Authentication Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks Based on User Biometrics

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabia Riaz ◽  
Noor-ul-Ain Gillani ◽  
SanamShahla Rizvi ◽  
Sana Shokat ◽  
Se Jin Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Network Performance ◽  
User Authentication ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Authentication Scheme ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Dos Attacks ◽  
And Performance

To keep a network secure, a user authentication scheme that allows only authenticated users to access network services is required. However, the limited resources of sensor nodes make providing authentication a challenging task. We therefore propose a new method of security for a wireless sensor network (WSN). Our technique, Secure User Biometric Based Authentication Scheme (SUBBASe), is based on the user biometrics for WSNs. It achieves a higher security level as well as improved network performance. This solution consists of easy operations and light computations. Herein, the proposed technique is evaluated and compared with previous existing techniques. This scheme increases the performance of the network by reducing network traffic, defending against DOS attacks, and increasing the battery life of a node. Consequently, the functionality and performance of the entire network is improved.

The Influence of Cognitive and Affective Reactions to Feedback on Subsequent Goals

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remus Ilies ◽  
Timothy A. Judge ◽  
David T. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Performance Feedback ◽  
Business School ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Dispositional Measure ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Reactions To Feedback

This paper focuses on explaining how individuals set goals on multiple performance episodes, in the context of performance feedback comparing their performance on each episode with their respective goal. The proposed model was tested through a longitudinal study of 493 university students’ actual goals and performance on business school exams. Results of a structural equation model supported the proposed conceptual model in which self-efficacy and emotional reactions to feedback mediate the relationship between feedback and subsequent goals. In addition, as expected, participants’ standing on a dispositional measure of behavioral inhibition influenced the strength of their emotional reactions to negative feedback.

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