scholarly journals Foreign Direct Investment in Retail Industry in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3S) ◽  
pp. 388-391
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Retail Industry ◽  
Retail Sector ◽  
Retail Market ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The Government of India was initially very apprehensive of the introduction of the Foreign Direct Investment in the Retail Sector in India. The unorganized retail sector as has been mentioned earlier occupies 98% of the retail sector and the rest 2% is contributed by the organized sector. The unorganized retail sector contributes about 14% to the GDP and absorbs about 7% of our labor force. Retail is the sale of goods to end users, not for resale, but for use and consumption by the purchaser. The retail transaction is at the end of the supply chain. Manufacturers sell large quantities of products to retailers, and retailers sell small quantities of those products to consumers. This study has been undertaken foreign direct investment has affected the Indian retail industry. The inflow of foreign direct investment has boosted growth in the retail industry and increased the gross domestic product of India. Government policy and other determinants have been discussed to study and analyze the impact. The Indian retail market is a developing market and has potential for investments. There had been a restriction in the inflow of foreign direct investment till 2006. But since 2006, there has been a positive change in the government policy thereby allowing foreign companies to invest in India and become an owner. The paper elucidates the growth between different sectors of Indian retail industry, the tax incentives and determinants for inflow of foreign direct investment. This study focuses on foreign direct investment inflows in selected retail sectors

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF TRADE LIBERALIZATION BETWEEN UKRAINE AND EU ON TRADE AND INVESTMENT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Olefir ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
European Standards ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The benefits and costs of the implementation of the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area (DCFTA) between Ukraine and the EU have been studied. The study aimed to find out to what extent the implementation of DCFTA has helped increase exports and attract foreign direct investment into Ukraine’s economy. A comparison method was used to conduct the study. The period of implementation of the DCFTA (2016-2020) was compared with the period before the implementation of the DCFTA (2010- 2014). Due to trade liberalization, exports of Ukrainian goods to the EU and imports of goods from the EU to Ukraine have increased. Trade liberalization has not contributed to further attracting foreign direct investment from the EU to Ukraine’s economy. The urgent task of the Government of Ukraine is to create a business regulatory environment according to European standards and protect foreign investment.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ON EXPORT SECTOR IN NIGERIA (1981-2018)

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Edeh, Chukwudi Emmanuel ◽  
Obi, Cyril Ogugua ◽  
Mbaeri, Clara Ndidiamaka ◽  
Ebite Ogochukwu Njideka
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Cent Increase ◽  
Oil Export ◽  
Oil Sector ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The objective of the study is to examine the impact of FDI on exports in Nigeria for the period 1981-2018. Specifically, two linear equations were formulated to trace the impact of FDI on oil sector and non-oil sector. The explanatory variables in the study were exchange rate, GDP, degree of openness, FDI, and inflation. The ADF technique was used to test for the stationarity of the time series data. The results of the Error Correction models reveal that there is a positive and significant (P(FDI) = 0.000) relationship between FDI and oil export in Nigeria. One per cent increase in FDI leads to 0.47 per cent increase in oil export over the period under study. There is a positive and significant (P(FDI) = 0.005) relationship between FDI and non-oil export in Nigeria. One per cent increase in FDI leads to 0.31 per cent increase in non-oil export over the period under study. The impact of FDI on the oil export is higher than the non-oil sector by 0.16 per cent. The study recommends for more aggressive policies to attract FDI in the oil sector to be pursued by the government. Obstacles to doing business in Nigeria should be removed. KEYWORDS: Foreign direct investment, oil export, non-oil export

scholarly journals flipkart.com’s Strategy on Amazon.com’s Entry into India :A Case Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 131-143
Author(s):  
Padmanabh B
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Online Shopping ◽  
Foreign Investments ◽  
Online Retail ◽  
Online Sales ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
The Government

The online retail industry in India is expected to grow to Rs. 7000 crores by 2015. Its size in 2013 is Rs. 2500 crores. By 2014 India is expected to become the 3rd largest nation of Internet users and this would provide huge potential to the online retail Industry1.Among the major cities in India, consumers in Mumbai topped the chart in doing online shopping followed by Ahmedabad and Delhi2. As per Google study conducted in 2012, 51 percent of the traffic for its Great online shopping festival (GOSF) was due to customers from cities other than the four metros. Referring to the growth in online sales, Nitin Bawankule, industry director, e-commerce, online classifieds and media/entertainment at Google India said, “Top motivators for shopping online include cash back guarantee, cash on delivery, fast delivery, substantial discounts compared to retail, and access to branded products”3.  The E –commerce space in India has seen a lot of action and there are many online players like flipkart.com, Myntra.com, Fabmart, Indiaplaza and Indiatimesshopping. Amazon.com made an indirect entry through Junglee.com. The reason for this indirect entry is the result of government policy towards foreign direct investment.  The Government of India announced in September 2012 the revised foreign direct investment policy in retail. As per this announcement foreign investments are blocked in e-commerce sector while allowing 51 percent FDI in multi-brand retail stores and 100 percent FDI in single brand retail. Amazon has been eyeing the Indian E commerce market which is estimated around $2 billion4.

scholarly journals The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on the Romanian Labour Market: New Evidence from a Pooled Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-34
Author(s):  
Laura Diaconu Maxim ◽  
Daniel Sterbuleac
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Foreign Firms ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Study Results ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The present paper presents a series of results concerning the labour market impact of the foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows in Romania, during the period 2005-2014. In order to reach this objective, we have conducted both an investigation of the specialized literature and an econometric analysis, based on a pooled OLS regression. The added value of this study results from the novelty aspects brought by the results, which indicate two new roles of FDI on the Romanian labour market: a potential “gap-widening” effect between the civil employment and number of employees and a “crawling” effect on the net income. Since the results showed a positive correlation between FDI and civil employment and also between FDI and the average number of employees, the first effect suggests that most of employees of the foreign firms work there less than one year. This may explain why foreign companies are not motivated to offer their employees much higher wages than the local firms and thus that the effect of FDI on nominal net income is very small (“crawling” effect).

scholarly journals A Journey of Growth of FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) in Indian Retailing

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
Prashant Kumar ◽  
Kavita
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Retail Sector ◽  
Retail Market ◽  
Growth Trends ◽  
Retail Markets ◽  
International Firms ◽  
Retail Business ◽  
Concern For Others ◽  
The World

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in retail has recently generated tremendous high spirits for a few and concern for others. It is supported that it will open floodgates for foreign retailers to speculate and can modification the retail landscape forever in India. FDI in retailing is much talked concerning subject by politician, media, trade specialist and industry experts. The Indian Retail market particularly the small Kirana store is not so well known by the actual means of FDI. The views given by politicians on the topic are terribly numerous and changes from party to party and person to person that has supplementary confusion in mind of those individuals. Retailing in Indiais the pillar of economy and accounts for about 22 percent of its GDP. The Indian retail sector is estimated to be US $500 billion and one of the top five retail markets in the world. India is the fastest growing retail markets in the world with 1.2 billion people.The Retail Business in India is presently at the point of inflection. As of 2008, speedy amendments with investments of US $ 25 billion were being planned by many Indian international firms within the next 5 years. The present study intends to explore the growth trends of FDI in Indian retail sector and also determine the SWOT (Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) analysis of Indian retail Industry.Int. J. Soc. Sci. Manage. Vol-3, issue-2: 129-134

DO INTERNATIONAL FLOWS INCREASE ENROLLMENT RATES?

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1051-1072
Author(s):  
Arusha Cooray
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
Enrollment Rates ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Overseas Development

This study examines the influence of foreign direct investment (FDI), overseas development aid (ODA), and remittances on the enrollment of girls and boys in 103 countries over the years 1970–2011. The results suggest that remittances have a contemporaneous robust significant influence on enrollment, with the positive effect being slightly higher for girls than for boys. FDI and ODA have an influence on the enrollment of girls and boys only after a significant time lag. The results also suggest that the impact of remittances on enrollment is increased through income and a well-developed financial sector; FDI through better institutions and a well-developed financial sector; and ODA through better government policy.

The Validity of Okun’s Law: An Empirical Evidence for Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-144
Author(s):  
Divine Ndubuisi Obodoechi ◽  
Charles Uchenna Onuoha
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Industrial Output ◽  
Okun’S Law ◽  
Net Foreign Assets ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Foreign Assets

This paper empirically investigates the relationship between economic growth and unemployment in Nigeria under the Okun’s Law framework. The Auto Regressive Distributed Lag model approach, the ARDL Bounds Test and Cointegration Test were employed in this paper. Economic Growth was also regressed on unemployment, log of industrial output, log of net foreign assets, log of foreign direct investment and population growth so as to know the impact of these variables on output. The research findings indicated that high the Okun’s specification does not hold in the Nigeria, the impact of economic growth on unemployment is negative and insignificant. We did however find that there is a positive impact of unemployment on economic growth, meaning that the phenomena of jobless growth may be in play in the economy. The Johansen Co-integration test failed to establish evidence of long run relationship between GDP, industrial output, unemployment, foreign direct investment net foreign assets and population growth. The ECM could not be employed because the variables were integrated of different orders. It was however found there exist a significant positive relationship between the aforementioned variables and GDP except for population growth. The government should consider the Industrial Sector as a priority sector in a bid for better economic growth and development. Population control measures should also be put in play to ensure that the population does not exceed the economic carrying capacity. The government should also play an important role in abating unemployment in the economy using direct and indirect schemes and strategies.

The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Sectoral Adjustment in the Irish Economy

1997 ◽  
Vol 160 ◽  
pp. 76-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances Ruane ◽  
Holger Görg
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Foreign Firms ◽  
Export Markets ◽  
Manufacturing Plants ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Fiscal Incentives ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

Foreign direct investment (FDI) has played a crucial role in the overall development of the Irish economy over the past three decades, as the Republic of Ireland, hereafter referred to as Ireland, has pursued an industrial strategy characterised by (i) promoting export-led-growth in Irish manufacturing through various financial supports and fiscal incentives, and (ii) encouraging foreign companies to establish manufacturing plants in Ireland, producing specifically for export markets. The significance of FDI for the Irish economy is now reflected in, inter alia, the significant gap between GNP and GDP; in 1994, GNP was roughly 88 per cent of GDP in Ireland. As regards the manufacturing sector, the high shares of output and employment in foreign-owned companies in Ireland also indicate the importance of foreign firms. As we discuss in some detail in Section 3, foreign companies produced roughly 69 per cent of total net output and accounted for 45 per cent of employment in Irish manufacturing industries in 1993.

scholarly journals The Impact and Contribution of FDI to Saudi Economy During King Abdullah Regime

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Khaled Jadeaf Alanazi ◽  
Salawati Mat Basir
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Foreign Capital ◽  
Regulatory Environment ◽  
Investment Promotion ◽  
Incentive Policies ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Opening Up

Foreign Direct Investment resulted in the disclosure of different investment chances and opportunities through active investment promotion agencies. A country must execute various reforms capable of improving the fundamental determinants of FDI for achieving a high percentage of Foreign Direct Investment. These reforms among others include improving investment laws, reducing political risk and level of corruption, establishing a consistent legitimate and regulatory environment, freeing repatriation of funds and capital, as well as opening up to international trade. Saudi Arabia adopted generous incentive policies for attracting foreign capital and invite Foreign Direct Investment during king Abdullah regime. These policies present positive incentives while eliminating negative disincentives. Positive incentives consist free custom duties, reductions of tax and export zones, by the government of Saudi Arabia. Disincentives elimination to investments indicates the removal of overlong and rigid systems as they can delay visas issuance, restraint travel and complicate the licensing and registration of a project. This paper discusses the impact of FDI on Saudi economy during King Abdullah regime and finally, ascertains the contribution of FDI to Saudi Economy during King Abdullah regime.

scholarly journals Dumping The Competition, And Scarring Off Investors: The Impact And Influence Of The South African Anti-Dumping And Competition Measures On Foreign Direct Investment

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 669
Author(s):  
Omphemetse S. Sibanda
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
South African ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
Market Size ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Regional Influence ◽  
The Impact

Since the dawn of democracy South Africa has embarked in a process of dismantling protectionist business and trade policies, and made the countrys stream of commerce one of the preferred globally. The countrys sound competition and trade policies, natural resource endowments, market size and regional influence, attracted foreign businesss and foreign direct invetsment (FDI). Equally the country has been under pressure to protect the domestic industries from injurious competition and business, through sector specific laws, anti-dumping and countervailing duties laws, investment and competition regime. The concern has been the likilelihood of the introduction of trade and competition barriers, and the allienation of FDI. This paper critically examines the impact the countrys antidumping and competition law and practice upon foreign direct investment. Domestic industries have never been shy file anti-dumping and anti-competition suits against foreign companies, sometimes even against the public interest outcry. Relevant examples of these suits include the famous Wal-Mart anti-competition case, and recently the Brazilian frozen fowl meat anti-dumping case.

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