PREVALENCE, RISK FACTORS AND TREATMENT OUTCOMES IN NEONATES WITH RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY (ROP) WITH BIRTH WEIGHT <1750 GRAMS AND ≥ 1750 GRAMS

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is one of the major cause of the preventable childhood blindness worldwide. One year prospective interventional study was conducted in a tertiary care centre in Northern India. All neonates with birth weight ≤ 2000 grams with gestational age ≤35 weeks were screened for ROP and divided into two groups, infants with birth weight <1750 grams (Group A) and ≥1750 grams (Group B). Prevalence of ROP, risk factors and laser treatment outcomes were compared between two groups. Of 191 neonates screened, 61(31.93%) developed ROP, out of which Infants with very low birth weight were at signicantly higher risk of developing severe ROP requiring treatment. In addition, high concentration and uctuating oxygen administration, sepsis, shock, intravenous uids >10 days were observed to be statistically signicant risk factors in infants <1750 grams. Timely screening and early treatment of threshold ROP results in desirable structural and functional outcome.

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Incidence and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity in Goa, India: a report from tertiary care centre

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20192017 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 1228

Author(s):

Sarvesh Kossambe ◽

Shilpa Joglekar ◽

Annely D'lima ◽

M. P. Silveira

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽

Neonatal Intensive Care ◽

Laser Photocoagulation ◽

Very Low Birth Weight ◽

Care Center ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Preterm Neonates ◽

Tertiary Care Centre

Background: To report the incidence and risk factors leading to the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) from a tertiary care center in the western Indian state of Goa, India.Methods: This was a prospective observational study carried out in a level II neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for a period of 18 months. Babies born at < 34 weeks’ gestation and having a birth weight of <1500gm were screened for ROP and laser photocoagulation was done for those who developed threshold ROP. Group differences between any ROP and threshold ROP were analysed using the chi-square test.Results: Out of the 244 preterm neonates screened, 37 developed ROP (15.16%), and 14 out of them (5.73%) developed threshold ROP requiring laser photocoagulation. Very low birth weight, prematurity, apnea, anemia, sepsis, respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, blood transfusions, exchange transfusions and days taken to reach full enteral feeds and regain birth weight were significantly associated with the development of ROP.Conclusions: This is the first report of ROP from Goa where less than 1 in 5 babies developed ROP. This is similar to that reported across the rest of the country. Judicious oxygen use, ventilation strategies, transfusions guidelines, control of sepsis, early enteral feeds and adequate nutrition may help prevent the development of ROP in the future.

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Anemia in relation to severity of retinopathy of prematurity in preterm babies born in tertiary care centre in South India

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20204043 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (10) ◽

pp. 2005

Author(s):

Hrishikesh S. Pai ◽

Rojo Joy ◽

Varghese Cherian ◽

Preethy Peter

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Oxygen Requirement ◽

Tertiary Care Centre ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

Preterm Babies

Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vaso proliferative disorder of retina among preterm infants. Significant cause of blindness in children with increased survival of premature infants with improved neonatal care. Potential risk factors for development of ROP include low gestational age, low birth weight, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, sepsis, acidosis, oxygen therapy. Anemia as a cause for retinopathy of prematurity has been postulated but there are very few studies addressed the effect of anemia on incidence and severity of ROP. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of anemia on incidence and severity of retinopathy of prematurity and to determine other factors associated with development of retinopathy of prematurity.Methods: Retrospective descriptive study of 120 babies born premature less than 34 weeks for the development of Retinopathy of prematurity and its severity and for associated conditions. All babies screened for retinopathy of prematurity at 3 weeks of age and further followed up for progression of ROP. Factors analysed included hemoglobin levels at 3 weeks of life, number of blood transfusions, days on ventilator, gestational age, birth weight, duration of oxygen requirement, bronchopulmonary dysplasia for the development of retinopathy of prematurity. Findings described in simple descriptive manner.Results: Anemia and increased requirement for blood transfusion are associated with higher incidence and severity of ROP. Low gestational age, birth weight, prolonged oxygen requirement, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), sepsis are other risk factors.Conclusions: It is significant to screen preterm babies for ROP and to anticipate in the background of these risk factors. Minimise oxygen duration and blood loss for sampling to prevent anemia and reduce transfusions.

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TO STUDY THE INCIDENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN NORTHERN INDIA

10.36106/gjra/4907071 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 48-50

Author(s):

Kajaldeep Kaur ◽

Gursharn Singh

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽

Neonatal Intensive Care ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Preterm Neonates ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Northern India ◽

Retinal Examination

BACKGROUND: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a multifactorial retinal vaso-proliferative disorder which remains a leading cause of childhood blindness worldwide despite improvements in neonatal care and management guidelines. This study was conducted to determine the incidence of ROP among preterm neonates and to determine the risk factors. METHODS: All preterm infants with birth weight <1750 gm and gestation <34 weeks were screened for ROP at 4 weeks of birth for rst screening. Prenatal and postnatal risk factors, neonatal problems, treatment given, procedures and interventions done during stay in neonatal intensive care unit were recorded as per the proforma. The data from the study was systematically collected, compiled and statistically analyzed with SPSS Statistics-26 version to draw relevant conclusions. RESULTS: The incidence of ROP in 89 infants who were screened was 44%. The mean gestational age of babies with ROP was 32 weeks. In our study, pneumonia, apnea, sepsis, thrombocytopenia, NEC, shock, acidosis, IVH, BPD, the use of Bubble CPAP, Venti-CPAP and mechanical ventilator, the vasopressor use and blood transfusion were signicant risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of ROP was signicantly higher in babies <34 weeks. It was observed in our that lower the birth weight and lower the gestational age, higher is the risk for the development of ROP. Careful and timed retinal examination of all at risk infants will minimize the development of ROP and later on blindness.

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A study of the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity in a tertiary care centre in Karnataka

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20212043 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 1033

Author(s):

Manjunathaswmy R. ◽

Anjana H. Rao ◽

Vinayaka P. Hegade ◽

Pradeep Kumar ◽

Ravindra B. Patil

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Argon Laser ◽

Preterm Neonates ◽

Multiple Gestation ◽

Care Centre ◽

Tertiary Care Centre

Background: Retinopathy of prematurity is a preventable cause of childhood blindness. Proper understanding of the classification, risk factors and treatment methods is a must in tackling this disease. The aim of this study was to know the incidence of ROP in preterm infants in a tertiary care centre and to improvise the selection criteria in future in Indian babies.Methods: A retrospective study of all infants admitted to the NICU from 2016 to 2018 who met the criteria for ROP screening were included in the study. Examination of the eyes was done by a trained technician using a Ret Cam digital imaging in collaboration with KIDROP, Narayana Nethralaya and later interpreted by trained ophthalmologists using the concept of teleopthalmology. Babies were followed up and screened accordingly. Qualified infants were treated with argon laser photocoagulation within 48h of diagnosis. They were followed until the disease was successfully treated.Results: In current study, incidence of ROP was found to be 10.2%. The gestational age ranged from 28-36 weeks with a mean of 30.5±1.5 weeks. In current study, the most prevalent prenatal risk factor was multiple gestation and postnatal risk factors was anemia, low birth weight ,low gestational age and the use of oxygen therapy.Conclusions: Screening for ROP, in India, should be performed in all preterm neonates who are born <34 weeks gestation and/or <1800 grams birth weight; as well as in babies 34-36 weeks gestation or 1800-2000 grams birth weight if they have risk factors for ROP.

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Retinopathy of prematurity: study of incidence, risk factors and outcome in level 3 neonatal intensive care unit in a tertiary care centre

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20195732 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 90

Author(s):

Uma Devi Rachamadugu ◽

Sravani Devana ◽

Srikanth Sandanala

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽

Neonatal Intensive Care ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Preterm Neonates ◽

P Value ◽

Prospective Clinical Study ◽

Tertiary Care Centre

Background: Advancing technology in antenatal and neonatal care has resulted in better survival of preterm neonates in developing countries in the past few decades. This has resulted in an apparent increase in the incidence of Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP), which is the most important cause of preventable blindness in infants.Methods: A prospective clinical study was done for 18 months in 400 preterm babies less than 34 weeks of Gestational Age (GA) or less than 1750 gm of Birth Weight (BW). ROP screening was performed. The babies who developed any stage of ROP were taken as cases and the babies who did not have ROP were taken as controls. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software (Version 20.0). p value <0.05 was taken as statistically significant.Results: Four hundred babies were thus examined. The overall incidence of ROP in the study group was 10.25% (41 babies). Out of them, 38 babies (92.6%) had stage-1 ROP and 3 babies (7.31%) had stage-2 ROP. three babies (7.31%) required laser treatment. Risk factor analysis revealed that gestational age at birth, low birth weight, need foroxygenation, RDS, clinical sepsis, HIE, AKI, NNS, resuscitation, apnea.Conclusions: Screening should be intensified in the presence of risk factors like resuscitation, oxygen requirement, apnoea and prolonged hospital stay, which can reduce the incidence of severe stages of ROP as shown by this study.

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Clinical profile and factors determining outcome of intramural very low birth weight babies in a tertiary care centre: a retrospective study

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20170143 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 520

Author(s):

Devi Meenakshi K. ◽

Arasar Seeralar A. T. ◽

Srinivasan Padmanaban

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Very Low Birth Weight ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

P Value ◽

Increased Risk

Background: Very low birth weight (VLBW) babies are at increased risk of a number of complications both immediate and late. Worldwide it has been observed that these babies contribute to a significant extent to neonatal mortality and morbidity. Aim of the study was to study the risk factors contributing to mortality in VLBW babies and to evaluate the morbidity pattern in these infants.Methods: A retrospective analysis of data retrieved from the case records of VLBW babies admitted in the NICU of Kilpauk Medical College between January 2015 to December 2015. Out of the 2360 intramural babies admitted during the study period, 99 babies were less than 1500 gms. The risk factors for these babies were analyzed for their association with the outcome. Data were statistically analyzed.Results: In present study, we found that sex of the baby, gestational age, obstetric score, birth asphyxia, pulmonary haemorrhage, ROP and presence of shock were found to be associated with increased mortality. By logistic regression analysis it was observed that birth weight of the baby (p value 0.002), duration of stay (p value 0.0006), presence of shock (p<0.0001), were the risk factors significantly associated with poor outcome.Conclusions: Among the maternal and neonatal factors analyzed in the study using logistic regression analysis, birth weight, duration of hospital stay and presence of shock were significantly related to poor outcome. Of these presence of shock was the single most important factor that predicted increased mortality.

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Evaluation of Risk Factors for Retinopathy of Prematurity in Premature Born Infants in Tertiary Care Centre in Punjab

International Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences ◽

10.18311/ijmds/2020/24651 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Jatinder Singh ◽

Vaneeta Bhardwar ◽

Harshdhawann Singh ◽

Isha Bhardwaj ◽

Sushmita Choudhary ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Care Centre ◽

Tertiary Care Centre ◽

Premature Born

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Retinopathy of Prematurity in A Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern Nepal

Journal of Nepal Medical Association ◽

10.31729/jnma.213 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 47 (169) ◽

Author(s):

Srijana Adhikari ◽

B P Badhu ◽

N K Bhatta ◽

R S Rajbhandari ◽

B K Kalakheti

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽

Neonatal Intensive Care ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Screening Criteria

World Health Organization’s Vision 2020 program has recognized Retinopathy of Prematurity(ROP) as an important cause of childhood blindness in industrialized and developing countries. Inthe last few years, it has been identifi ed in many under developed countries as well, as a result ofimproved neonatal intensive care. In Nepal, ROP screening is carried out in a few tertiary hospitalsbut there is no published data on this disease. The purpose of this study was to fi nd out the incidence,severity and risk factors of ROP among infants screened in a tertiary care hospital in the EasternRegion of Nepal.A prospective cohort study was carried out in neonates with gestational age of 34 weeks or less and,or birth weight of 1700 gm or less born over the period of one year. Dilated fundus examination ofall babies was done by indirect ophthalmoscopy between 2-4 weeks after birth and followed up tillthe retinal vascularization was complete. Classifi cation of ROP was done according to internationalclassifi cation (ICROP). Maternal and neonatal risk factors were also noted.A total of 55 babies fulfi lled the screening criteria. ROP was present in 25.45% (n=14) of the babies.Threshold disease was noted in 5.45% (n=3) of the babies screened. Low birth weight (p<0.01)and low gestational age (p<0.01) was signifi cantly associated with the incidence of ROP. Oxygensupplementation (p=<0.01) was an independent risk factor.ROP screening should be performed in all preterm low birth weight infants where there is availabilityof good neonatal intensive care units. The examination should be intensifi ed in those having riskfactors like oxygen. Further studies in the other tertiary care hospitals in Nepal would help toestablish the screening criteria for Nepalese infants.Key words: Retinopathy of prematurity, Eastern Nepal, screening

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