A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MACROSCOPIC MORPHOLOGY OF PLACENTA AMONG NORMAL AND COMPLICATED PREGNANCIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
Soumya Soumya ◽  
Kumari Bibha ◽  
Birendra Kumar Sinha ◽  
Debarshi Jana
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Multiple Pregnancy ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
Uterine Growth ◽  
Intra Uterine Growth Retardation

The placenta being a foetal organ, undergoes the same stress and strain to which the foetus is exposed. Common yet life threatening complications of Pregnancy like Gestational Diabetes, Hypertension, Anaemia and Intra uterine growth retardation result in both macroscopic as well as microscopic changes in the placenta. Hence study of the placenta will give a valuable insight in cases of adverse foetal outcome. The present study was conducted on a total of two hundred and ninety two freshly delivered placentae with umbilical cord obtained from the labour rooms and operation theatres of the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and received at the Department Of Anatomy, PMCH, Patna, Bihar. Exclusion criteria was multiple pregnancy. Inclusion criteria's were normal uncomplicated primigravida and multigravida and pathological factors complicating pregnancy like Anaemia, Gestational Diabetes mellitus, Pregnancy induced Hypertension and prematurity. The 292 placentae were divided into four categories according to the risk factors and clinical diagnosis of pregnant women namely normal patients (147), patients with Pregnancy induced hypertension (15), Gestational Diabetes mellitus (30), anaemia (65) and preterm (35). The circular type of placenta is the common shape of placenta. The diameter of the placenta is increased in anaemia, gestational diabetes and decreased in prematurity. The weight of the placenta is increased in gestational diabetes mellitus, anaemia and decreased in prematurity. The number of maternal cotyledons is decreased in prematurity and increased in gestational diabetes mellitus. The eccentric type of cord attachment is the most common type in complicated pregnancies. The diagnosis of such risk factors in pregnancies during antenatal period and early intervention will improve the perinatal outcome.

Causation between Gestational Diabetes Mellitus(GDM) and Pregnancy Induced Hypertension(PIH): A Statistic Case Study in Harbin, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan DIAO ◽  
DIAO Fang ◽  
XIAO Bin ◽  
Ning LIU ◽  
Fengjuan LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
Inference Theory ◽  
Statistical Results

Abstract Both gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) and pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) would influence the gestation significantly. However, the causation between these two symptoms remains speculative. 16,404 pregnant women were identified in Harbin, China in this study. We investigated the evaluate the causal effect of GMD on PIH based on the statistic inference theory. The statistical results indicated that GDM might cause PIH. Also, this case study demonstrated that the decrease temperature might also cause hypertension during pregnancy, and the prevalence rate of GDM increased with age. However, the prevalence of diabetes did not show a remarkable difference in varied areas and ages. This study could provide some essential information that will help to investigate the mechanism for GDM and PIH.

scholarly journals Risks for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension Are Increased in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunhui Wang ◽  
Xiaomiao Zhao ◽  
Huidan Zhao ◽  
Hong Ding ◽  
Jianping Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Ovarian Stimulation ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
Ivf Et

Objectives. To evaluate pregnancy outcomes and its determinants in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Methods. Two-hundred and twenty pregnant PCOS and 594 healthy women were followed from early pregnancy. Incidences of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), preterm birth, twinning, and fetal growth restriction (FGR) were determined.Results. The incidence of GDM was notably higher among all PCOS combined (54.9%; OR: 2.9, 95% CI: 2.0–4.1) and PCOS subgroups, whether they conceived spontaneously (51.5%; OR: 3.3, 95% CI: 2.0–5.4), or via IVF-ET or ovarian stimulation, compared with controls (14.3%;P<0.001). The incidence of PIH was also higher among all PCOS (10.4%; OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.1–4.4) and the subgroup conceiving spontaneously (11.8%; OR: 2.6, 95% CI: 1.1–6.2;P<0.001) but not for those conceiving with IVF-ET (9.1%) or ovarian stimulation (9.4%). Lean women with PCOS (BMI<24kg/m2) had higher incidences of GDM (51.1% versus 14.5%; OR: 5.6, 95% CI: 3.4–9.0) and PIH (8.9% versus 3.2%; OR: 3.0, 95% CI: 1.3–7.1) than lean controls. PCOS woemn with normal glucose tolerance had higher risk for PIH than their comparable control group (OR: 4.0, 95% CI: 1.3–11.7).Conclusion. This study suggested that PCOS is an independent risk factor for the development of GDM and PIH. This trial is registered withChiCTR-RCC-11001824.

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