Automated system for calculating and controlling the ratio of incoming raw materials and finished products in confectionery production (а line for the production of chocolate)

The systems developed to automatize machines or industrial processes are applications of techniques or equipment in order to increase their efficiency, maximizing the production with the lowest consumption of energy and raw materials, reducing the emission of waste and aiming at improving safety conditions of materials, humans and process information. It can also simply be aimed at reducing the effort or human interference over a process or machine. One of the greatest difficulties in a project of an automated system is its specification. For that, the present study intends to model and develop an automated system applied to a packaging machine by thermal shrink, using the tools SA-RT, UML, IEC 61131-based rule system, supervisory system Elipse SCADA and the object-oriented programming.

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An effective smart agriculture system using Internet of Things

International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology - Regular Issue ◽

10.35940/ijeat.b3185.129219 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 5041-5044

Keyword(s):

Wireless Sensors ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Storage System ◽

Automated System ◽

Automation System ◽

Time Data ◽

Embedded Control ◽

Smart Agriculture ◽

Wireless Communication Protocols ◽

And Control

Agriculture is the most important sector of economy, contributing major employment in the country and helping to develop the industry development with 16 percent of the national GDP growth and improving the life of people. Agriculture provides food, fiber, fuel, furniture, raw materials, a free fare and fresh environment, and plenteous nourishment for driving out starvation. But in the present scenario, the manual practices being followed by the farmers in our country are posing a huge threat to the sustenance of this sector. There is a need to incorporate automated system for various agricultural activities like irrigation, soil monitoring, harvesting and weather monitoring. Herein, we have created a Smart IoT based agriculture field monitoring and automatic field controlling agricultural storage system. The objective of any IOT system is to develop a smart automation system (smart home, smart IoT agriculture, smart monitor health, smart easy transport, etc.) using IoT technologies such as wireless sensors, embedded control devices and wireless communication protocols. We hereby present an IoT system interconnected with wireless devices which can sense the field and send the data to assigned system and finally the results can be noted with proper arrangements. Wireless sensors are used to sense the field and monitor the field with various aspects controlled manually and could be automated based on the requirement. In this paper we shall see that this IoT system shall not directly connect every device with the Internet but will connect through VPS integrated IoT Gateway. We propose a system that shall monitor and control the moisture level in the field soil and this real time data will be transmitted to the client to provide security for the farmland and avoid animal threats. The proposed smart IoT system will also monitor the growth of the trees.

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Microstructural characterization of laser-melted/roller-quenched dicalcium silicate

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100104972 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 582-583

Author(s):

C. J. Chan ◽

K. R. Venkatachari ◽

W. M. Kriven ◽

J. F. Young

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Shape Change ◽

Microstructural Characterization ◽

Particle Size Effect ◽

Dicalcium Silicate ◽

Laser Melting ◽

Uniform Size ◽

Cell Shape Change ◽

Wide Range

Dicalcium silicate (Ca2SiO4) is a major component of Portland cement. It has also been investigated as a potential transformation toughener alternative to zirconia. It has five polymorphs: α, α'H, α'L, β and γ. Of interest is the β-to-γ transformation on cooling at about 490°C. This transformation, accompanied by a 12% volume increase and a 4.6° unit cell shape change, is analogous to the tetragonal-to-monoclinic transformation in zirconia. Due to the processing methods used, previous studies into the particle size effect were limited by a wide range of particle size distribution. In an attempt to obtain a more uniform size, a fast quench rate involving a laser-melting/roller-quenching technique was investigated.The laser-melting/roller-quenching experiment used precompacted bars of stoichiometric γ-Ca2SiO4 powder, which were synthesized from AR grade CaCO3 and SiO2xH2O. The raw materials were mixed by conventional ceramic processing techniques, and sintered at 1450°C. The dusted γ-Ca2SiO4 powder was uniaxially pressed into 0.4 cm x 0.4 cm x 4 cm bars under 34 MPa and cold isostatically pressed under 172 MPa. The γ-Ca2SiO4 bars were melted by a 10 KW-CO2 laser.

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Crystallization of barium hexaferrite

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100122216 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 362-363

Author(s):

Chung-kook Lee ◽

Yolande Berta ◽

Robert F. Speyer

Keyword(s):

Size Distribution ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Barium Hexaferrite ◽

Recording Media ◽

Magnetic Recording Media ◽

Promising Candidate ◽

Crystallization Method ◽

Temperature Heat ◽

High Density Magnetic Recording ◽

Temperature Heat Treatment

Barium hexaferrite (BaFe12O19) is a promising candidate for high density magnetic recording media due to its superior magnetic properties. For particulate recording media, nano-sized single crystalline powders with a narrow size distribution are a primary application requirement. The glass-crystallization method is preferred because of the controllability of crystallization kinetics, hence, particle size and size distribution. A disadvantage of this method is the need to melt raw materials at high temperatures with non-reactive crucibles, e.g. platinum. However, in this work, we have shown that crystal growth of barium hexaferrite occurred during low temperature heat treatment of raw batches.

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