scholarly journals Effects of Grassland Fire on Selected Properties of Soil in the Savannah Region of Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Abdulraheem
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Laboratory Investigation ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Average Percentage

The effects of fire on soil properties have been widely studied in different ecosystems globally. However, only limited studies exist in the savanna tropics of Africa with mostly inconsistent results. The objective of this study is to characterize the effects of different fire intensities on soil properties in the Guinea Savannah of Nigeria through laboratory experiments. Three different grass species (Eleusine indica, Cynodon dactylon and Imperata cylindrica) and soils were collected from the forest zone of the University of Ilorin and prepared for laboratory investigation. Experimental fires were simulated in the laboratory to replicate field burning conditions on the prepared plots to determine precise effects of fire on soil properties. Three fire treatments (low, moderate and high) were considered, while the pre-burning and post burning samples of soils were taken for laboratory investigation, and the results statistically analyzed. The pH was observed to have increased between the range of 7.92 to 8.37. The average percentage decrease in organic matter content is 5%, 33% and 69% for low, moderate and high fire intensities, respectively. For total nitrogen, 8%, 16%, and 19% increase; calcium, 17%, 117% and 283% increase; magnesium, 11%, 30% and 84% increase; sodium, 7%, 20% and 54% increase; potassium, 24%, 20% and 49% decrease; available phosphorus, 8%, 18% and 29% increase. The results show the impacts of prescribed fire in the management of savanna ecosystem..

scholarly journals Municipal Sewage Sludge application on cotton cultivations. Effect on yields soil chemical properties and heavy metal concentrations

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Sewage Sludge ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Cotton Yield

<p>Application of municipal sewage sludge (MSS) to agricultural soils is a current practice in EU. European legislation permits its use in agriculture when concentrations of metals in soil do not exceed the maximum permissible limits. In order to study the influence of MSS on cotton yield and soil properties, a filed experiment was conducted in a soil classified as Typic Xerochrepts located in Lamia area, central Greece, for two consecutive years. The experimental design was complete randomized blocks with four treatments: Control (C ), inorganic fertilization (IF), application of 6000 dry kg ha-1 MSS, and 10000 dry SS kg ha-1, each replicated 4 times. The results showed that MSS application in both rates, increased significantly cotton yield compared to control equally to inorganic fertilization. Soil properties, at the end of the second year of MSS application, were significantly affected by MSS application in a positive way i.e. pH decreased slightly, but organic matter content, available phosphorus, total nitrogen concentrations exchangeable potassium and available zinc and copper increased significantly. The potentially toxic elements lead, chromium, and nickel were not significantly affected by MSS application in both application rates compared to control.</p>

scholarly journals Effects of integrated nutrient management in early season cauliflower production and its residual effects on soil properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-365
Author(s):  
Babita Neupane ◽  
Krishna Aryal ◽  
Lal Bahadur Chhetri ◽  
Shishir Regmi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Integrated Nutrient Management

This experiment was conducted in the farmer’s field at Khajrauta, Gadhawa-4, Dang, Nepal to evaluate the effect of integrated nutrient management on growth and yield of cauliflower as well as their residual effects on soil properties. The cauliflower variety silvercup-60 was grown under eight different treatments; T1: 50% N through RDF + 50% N through FYM; T2: 50% N through RDF + 50% N through PM; T3: 50% N through RDF + 50% N through VC, T4: 50% N through RDF + 25% N through FYM + 25% N through PM; T5: 50% N through RDF + 25% N through VC + 25% N through PM; T6: 50% N through RDF + 25% N through VC + 25% N through FYM; T7: 50% N through RDF + 25% N through  VC +25% N through FYM; T8: 50% N through RDF + 50% N  through FYM,VC and poultry manure. The experiment was laid out in RCB design with three replications. The result revealed that the  highest plant height (36.40 cm), number of leaves (15), plant spread (31.72 cm), leaf area (526.5 cm2), curd weight (207.3g) and curd yield (12.85 t/ha) were found under 50% N through RDF +50% N through VC. The root length, root diameter and root density were better under all INM treatments as compared to 100% N through RDF. INM treatments showed lesser bulk density, lesser particle density, greater infiltration rate and greater organic matter content than application of 100% N through RDF. Soil total nitrogen was increased in all INM treatments while soil available phosphorus decreases in all treatments except 100% N trough RDF and 50% N through RDF +50% N through PM. Thus, farmers are suggested to apply 50% N through VC along with 50% N through RDF to increase cauliflower yield.   

scholarly journals Assessment of Soil Properties Under Different Land Use Types in Olokemeji Forest Reserves in Ogun State Southwestern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 73-84
Author(s):  
OLUWATOYIN OPEYEMI AKINTOLA ◽  
ADEWUNMI IDAYAT BODEDE ◽  
MICHAEL MICHAEL ◽  
AYODEJI GIDEON ADEBAYO ◽  
OLAWALE NUREAN SULAIMAN
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Forest Plantation ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Significant Difference

Knowledge of soil properties is essential for environmental sustainability for any forest reserve or plantation. The physical and chemical properties of soil under three different land uses was investigated to assess the nutrient and fertility status of the soils. Fifteen soil samples, each collected from different locations within the natural forest, plantation and farm land were analyzed for soil texture, bulk density, porosity, pH, organic carbon, organic matter content, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn. Texturally, the soils were loamy, loamy sand and sandy loamy in the natural forest, plantation and farmland respectively. There was a significant difference between the three different soils in composition and texture.

The Effects of Long‐Term Land‐Use Change on Soil Properties in Perth, Ontario Canada

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trina Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
North America ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Topographic Gradients

Land‐use change can have a major impact on soil properties, leading to long‐term changes in soilnutrient cycling rates and carbon storage. While a substantial amount of research has been conducted onland‐use change in tropical regions, empirical evidence of long‐term conversion of forested land toagricultural land in North America is lacking. Pervasive deforestation for the sake of agriculturethroughout much of North America is likely to have modified soil properties, with implications for theglobal climate. Here, we examined the response of physical, chemical and biological soil properties toconversion of forest to agricultural land (100 years ago) on Roebuck Farm near Perth, Ontario, Canada.Soil samples were collected at three sites from under forest and agricultural vegetative cover on bothhigh‐ and low‐lying topographic positions (12 locations in total; soil profile sampled to a depth of 40cm).Our results revealed that bulk density, pH, and nitrate concentrations were all higher in soils collectedfrom cultivate sites. In contrast, samples from forested sites exhibited greater water‐holding capacity,porosity, organic matter content, ammonia concentrations and cation exchange capacity. Many of these characteristics are linked to greater organic matter abundance and diversity in soils under forestvegetation as compared with agricultural soils. Microbial activity and Q10 values were also higher in theforest soils. While soil properties in the forest were fairly similar across topographic gradients, low‐lyingpositions under agricultural regions had higher bulk density and organic matter content than upslopepositions, suggesting significant movement of material along topographic gradients. Differences in soilproperties are attributed largely to increased compaction and loss of organic matter inputs in theagricultural system. Our results suggest that the conversion of forested land cover to agriculture landcover reduces soil quality and carbon storage, alters long‐term site productivity, and contributes toincreased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations.

Log landings are methane emission hotspots in managed forests

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Vantellingen ◽  
Sean C. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Emission Rate ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Managed Forests

Log landings are areas within managed forests used to process and store felled trees prior to transport. Through their construction and use soil is removed or redistributed, compacted, and organic matter contents may be increased by incorporation of wood fragments. The effects of these changes to soil properties on methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) flux is unclear and unstudied. We quantified CH<sub>4</sub> flux rates from year-old landings in Ontario, Canada, and examined spatial variability and relationships to soil properties within these sites. Landings emitted CH<sub>4</sub> throughout the growing season; the average CH<sub>4</sub> emission rate from log landings was 69.2 ± 12.8 nmol m<sup>-2</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> (26.2 ± 4.8 g CH<sub>4</sub> C m<sup>-2</sup> y<sup>-1</sup>), a rate comparable to CH<sub>4</sub>-emitting wetlands. Emission rates were correlated to soil pH, organic matter content and quantities of buried woody debris. These properties led to strong CH<sub>4</sub> emissions, or “hotspots”, in certain areas of landings, particularly where processing of logs occurred and incorporated woody debris into the soil. At the forest level, emissions from landings were estimated to offset ~12% of CH<sub>4</sub> consumption from soils within the harvest area, although making up only ~0.5% of the harvest area. Management practices to avoid or remediate these emissions should be developed as a priority measure in “climate-smart” forestry.

scholarly journals THE CHANGE OF SANDY SOIL PROPERTIES AFTER ADDING CHARCOAL PRODUCED FROM A TRADITIONAL KILN IN THE MEKONG DELTA, VIET NAM

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (42) ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
Binh Phan Khanh Huynh ◽  
Tho Van Nguyen ◽  
Vien My Tran
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Viet Nam

This study aimed to use charcoal derived from the bamboo and melaleuca produced by traditional kiln applied to sandy soil growing mustard green (Brassica juncea L.). The charcoals were applied at three ratio (1%,2%, and 3%, which correspond to 10, 20, and 30 g charcoal/kg soil in pots) and the control treatment without charcoal. Soil properties were investigated including bulk density, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), organic matter content, total nitrogen, and total phosphorous. The results showed that bulk density decreased in charcoal-treated soils. pH and EC were in the suitable range for plants.Nutrients and CEC of the soil in the charcoal treatment were significantly higher compared with the control (CEC increase 6.8% to 16%; TC increase 80% to 115%; TN increase 37.5 to 75%). Green mustard growing on charcoalamended soil had greater height (higher 3% to 21%), bigger leaves, and higher yield (increase18% to 81%) than those of plants groomed in the control treatment. This study showed the potential of using charcoal as supplying nutrient to the poor soil. Moreover, the abundant of raw material and easy to produce, it is suitable for applying in the Mekong Delta, Viet Nam, and other countries with similar conditions and infrastructure. 

scholarly journals Relationship of soil properties to fractionation, bioavailability and mobility of lead and zinc in soil

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 225-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Finžgar ◽  
P. Tlustoš ◽  
D. Leštan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Matter Content

Sequential extractions, metal uptake by <i>Taraxacum officinale</i>, Ruby&rsquo;s physiologically based extraction test (PBET) and toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), were used to assess the risk of Pb and Zn in contaminated soils, and to determine relationships among soil characteristics, heavy metals soil fractionation, bioavailability and leachability. Regression analysis using linear and 2nd order polynomial models indicated relationships between Pb and Zn contamination and soil properties, although of small significance (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Statistically highly significant correlations (<i>P</i> < 0.001) were obtained using multiple regression analysis. A correlation between soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) and soil organic matter and clay content was expected. The proportion of Pb in the PBET intestinal phase correlated with total soil Pb and Pb bound to soil oxides and the organic matter fraction. The leachable Pb, extracted with TCLP, correlated with the Pb bound to carbonates and soil organic matter content (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 69%). No highly significant correlations (<i>P</i> < 0.001) for Zn with soil properties or Zn fractionation were obtained using multiple regression.

Relationship between soil composition and retention capacity of terbumeton onto chalky soils

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achouak El Arfaoui ◽  
Stéphanie Sayen ◽  
Eric Marceau ◽  
Lorenzo Stievano ◽  
Emmanuel Guillon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Composition ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Soil Components

Environmental context. The wide use of pesticides for pest and weed control contributes to their presence in underground and surface waters, which has led to a continuously growing interest in their environmental fate. Soils play a key role in the transfer of these compounds from the sprayer to the water as a result of their capacity to retain pesticides depending on the soil components. The knowledge of soil composition should enable one to predict pesticide behaviour in the environment. Abstract. Eight calcareous soils of Champagne vineyards (France) were studied to investigate the adsorption of the herbicide terbumeton (TER). A preliminary characterisation of the soil samples using X-ray diffraction (XRD), elemental and textural analyses, revealed a wide range of soil properties for the selected samples. The adsorption isotherms of TER were plotted for all samples. The determination of soil properties, which significantly correlated with the Kd distribution coefficient, allowed identification of organic matter and CaCO3 as the two main soil components that govern the retention of the herbicide. Organic matter was the predominant phase involved in the retention but its role was limited by the presence of calcite. Finally, the ratio of CaCO3 content to organic matter content was proposed as a useful parameter to predict the adsorption of terbumeton in chalky soils. The evolution of Kd as a function of this ratio was successfully described using an empirical model.

Adsorption of Five Phenylurea Herbicides by Selected Soils of Czechoslovakia

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Kozak ◽  
Jerome B. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Adsorption Isotherms ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Langmuir Equation ◽  
Phenylurea Herbicides ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Freundlich Equation

Adsorption of five phenylurea herbicides, metobromuron [3-(p-bromophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea], monolinuron [3-(p-chlorophenyl)-1-methoxyl-1-methylurea], linuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea], chlorbromuron [3-(4-bromo-3-chlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea], and CGA-15646 [3-(3-chloro-4-methylphenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea] by eight selected soils of Czechoslovakia were studied. Constants from Freundlich and Langmuir equations were calculated and correlated with the major soil properties. Freundlich K values ranged from 1.84 to 128, and the Freundlich equation was better fitted to the adsorption isotherms than was the Langmuir equation. Soil organic-matter content was the most important factor influencing the range of adsorption.

scholarly journals QUANTITATIVE COMPARISON OF TWO CLOSELY RELATED SOIL MAPPING UNITS

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. CROSSON ◽  
R. PROTZ
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Mapping ◽  
Probability Level ◽  
Ap Horizon ◽  
Modal Values ◽  
True Measure ◽  
Mapping Units

Many soil mapping units (MU) have not been adequately sampled to provide a true measure of their variability; therefore, their descriptions must be regarded as incomplete, and valid statistical comparisons cannot be made with other closely related MU. The number of samples required to detect the differences in means of 18 soil properties between Brantford and Beverly Silt Loam MU were calculated and they ranged from 4 at the 80% probability level (10 at the 95% probability level) for organic matter content of the Ap horizon to several thousand for pH of the Ap horizon. Calculation of required sample numbers indicated that sufficient samples had been collected to make valid statistical comparisons between seven of the soil properties. All seven properties were found to be significantly different between the two MU at the 95% probability level. However, only two of the properties, hue and organic matter content of the Ap horizon, had distinctly different modal values between the two MU and neither of these properties is easily measured in the field. Therefore, it was concluded that the 18 soil properties examined were impractical and unreliable criteria for separating the MU in the field. But, the MU separations can be readily and validly made on the basis of landscape position.

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