scholarly journals THE CHANGE OF SANDY SOIL PROPERTIES AFTER ADDING CHARCOAL PRODUCED FROM A TRADITIONAL KILN IN THE MEKONG DELTA, VIET NAM

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (42) ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
Binh Phan Khanh Huynh ◽  
Tho Van Nguyen ◽  
Vien My Tran
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Viet Nam

This study aimed to use charcoal derived from the bamboo and melaleuca produced by traditional kiln applied to sandy soil growing mustard green (Brassica juncea L.). The charcoals were applied at three ratio (1%,2%, and 3%, which correspond to 10, 20, and 30 g charcoal/kg soil in pots) and the control treatment without charcoal. Soil properties were investigated including bulk density, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), organic matter content, total nitrogen, and total phosphorous. The results showed that bulk density decreased in charcoal-treated soils. pH and EC were in the suitable range for plants.Nutrients and CEC of the soil in the charcoal treatment were significantly higher compared with the control (CEC increase 6.8% to 16%; TC increase 80% to 115%; TN increase 37.5 to 75%). Green mustard growing on charcoalamended soil had greater height (higher 3% to 21%), bigger leaves, and higher yield (increase18% to 81%) than those of plants groomed in the control treatment. This study showed the potential of using charcoal as supplying nutrient to the poor soil. Moreover, the abundant of raw material and easy to produce, it is suitable for applying in the Mekong Delta, Viet Nam, and other countries with similar conditions and infrastructure. 

scholarly journals Relationship of soil properties to fractionation, bioavailability and mobility of lead and zinc in soil

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 225-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Finžgar ◽  
P. Tlustoš ◽  
D. Leštan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Matter Content

Sequential extractions, metal uptake by <i>Taraxacum officinale</i>, Ruby&rsquo;s physiologically based extraction test (PBET) and toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), were used to assess the risk of Pb and Zn in contaminated soils, and to determine relationships among soil characteristics, heavy metals soil fractionation, bioavailability and leachability. Regression analysis using linear and 2nd order polynomial models indicated relationships between Pb and Zn contamination and soil properties, although of small significance (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Statistically highly significant correlations (<i>P</i> < 0.001) were obtained using multiple regression analysis. A correlation between soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) and soil organic matter and clay content was expected. The proportion of Pb in the PBET intestinal phase correlated with total soil Pb and Pb bound to soil oxides and the organic matter fraction. The leachable Pb, extracted with TCLP, correlated with the Pb bound to carbonates and soil organic matter content (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 69%). No highly significant correlations (<i>P</i> < 0.001) for Zn with soil properties or Zn fractionation were obtained using multiple regression.

scholarly journals The impact of landscape evolution on soil physics: evolution of soil physical and hydraulic properties along two chronosequences of proglacial moraines

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 3189-3204
Author(s):  
Anne Hartmann ◽  
Markus Weiler ◽  
Theresa Blume
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Soil Chronosequence

Abstract. Soil physical properties highly influence soil hydraulic properties, which define the soil hydraulic behavior. Thus, changes within these properties affect water flow paths and the soil water and matter balance. Most often these soil physical properties are assumed to be constant in time, and little is known about their natural evolution. Therefore, we studied the evolution of physical and hydraulic soil properties along two soil chronosequences in proglacial forefields in the Central Alps, Switzerland: one soil chronosequence developed on silicate and the other on calcareous parent material. Each soil chronosequence consisted of four moraines with the ages of 30, 160, 3000, and 10 000 years at the silicate forefield and 110, 160, 4900, and 13 500 years at the calcareous forefield. We investigated bulk density, porosity, loss on ignition, and hydraulic properties in the form of retention curves and hydraulic conductivity curves as well as the content of clay, silt, sand, and gravel. Samples were taken at three depths (10, 30, 50 cm) at six sampling sites at each moraine. Soil physical and hydraulic properties changed considerably over the chronosequence. Particle size distribution showed a pronounced reduction in sand content and an increase in silt and clay content over time at both sites. Bulk density decreased, and porosity increased during the first 10 millennia of soil development. The trend was equally present at both parent materials, but the reduction in sand and increase in silt content were more pronounced at the calcareous site. The organic matter content increased, which was especially pronounced in the topsoil at the silicate site. With the change in physical soil properties and organic matter content, the hydraulic soil properties changed from fast-draining coarse-textured soils to slow-draining soils with high water-holding capacity, which was also more pronounced in the topsoil at the silicate site. The data set presented in this paper is available at the online repository of the German Research Center for Geosciences (GFZ; Hartmann et al., 2020b). The data set can be accessed via the DOI https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.4.4.2020.004.

Evaluation of some selected soil properties of a drip irrigated tomato field at different moisture regimes in South-Western Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
E.O. Ogundipe
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Tomato Field

Soil properties are important to the development of agricultural crops. This study determined some selected soil properties of a drip irrigated tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum M.) field at different moisture regime in South-Western Nigeria. The experiment was carried out using Randomized Complete Block Design with frequency and depth of irrigation application as the main plot and sub-plot, respectively in three replicates. Three frequencies (7, 5 and 3 days) and three depths equivalent to 100, 75 and 50% of water requirement were used. Undisturbed and disturbed soil samples were collected from 0-5, 5-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm soil layers for the determination of some soil properties (soil texture, organic matter content, bulk density, infiltration rate and saturated hydraulic conductivity) were determined using standard formulae. Soil Water Content (SWC) monitoring was conducted every two days using a gravimetric technique. The soil texture was sandy loam for all the soil depths; average value of soil organic matter was highest (1.8%) in the 0-5 cm surface layer and decreased with soil depth; the soil bulk density value before and after irrigation experiment ranged from 1.48 and 1.73 g/cm3 and 1.5 and 1.76 g/cm3, respectively; there was a rapid reduction in the initial infiltration and final infiltration rate. Saturated hydraulic conductivity show similar trend although the 20-30 cm layer had the lowest value (50.84 mm/h); the SWC affect bulk density during the growing season. The study showed that soil properties especially bulk density and organic matter content affect irrigation water movement at different depth..

Soil Properties Influence Saflufenacil Phytotoxicity

Weed Science ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis W. Gannon ◽  
Adam C. Hixson ◽  
Kyle E. Keller ◽  
Jerome B. Weber ◽  
Stevan Z. Knezevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Texture Classification ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
The United States ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Wide Range

Saflufenacil, a pyrimidinedione herbicide, is used for contact and residual broadleaf weed control in various crops. Bioactivity of saflufenacil in soil was tested in greenhouse and laboratory studies on 29 soils representing a wide range of soil properties and geographic areas across the United States. A greenhouse bioassay method was developed using various concentrations of saflufenacil applied PPI to each soil. Whole canola plants were harvested 14 d after treatment, and fresh and dry weights were recorded. Nonlinear regression analysis was used to determine the effective saflufenacil doses for 50% (ED50,), 80% (ED80), and 90% (ED90) inhibition of total plant fresh weight. Bioactivity of saflufenacil in soil was strongly correlated to soil organic (R= 0.85) and humic matter (R= 0.81), and less correlated to cation exchange capacity (R= 0.49) and sand content (R= −0.32). Stepwise regression analysis indicated that organic matter was the major soil constituent controlling bioactivity in soil and could be used to predict the bioactivity of saflufenacil. Saflufenacil phytotoxicity was found to be dependent on soil property; therefore, efficacy and crop tolerance from PRE and PPI applications may vary based on soil organic matter content and texture classification.

Bioavailability of Phenanthrene to Earthworms in Four Typical Soils of China

2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 537-541
Author(s):  
Qing Huang ◽  
Xin Gao ◽  
Ming Ying Gui ◽  
Xiao Yan Cui ◽  
Wen Jie Tian
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Contaminated Site ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has an impact on its bioremediation and environmental risk assessment. Bioavailability was affected by contaminated time, soil properties and pollutant properties. In this study, the effect of soil properties on bioavailability of phenanthrene (Phe) to earthworm was investigated. The results showed that the bioavailability to earthworm varied with soil properties. Regression analysis results showed that bioavailability of PAHs had a negative correlation with soil organic matter content, clay and cation exchange capacity (CEC) and positive correlation with pH. Conclusions of the study can be used for references to remediate the PAHs contaminated site.

scholarly journals The impact of landscape evolution on soil physics: Evolution of soil physical and hydraulic properties along two chronosequences of proglacial moraines

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Hartmann ◽  
Markus Weiler ◽  
Theresa Blume
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Chronosequence ◽  
Top Soil

Abstract. Soil physical properties highly influence soil hydraulic properties which define the soil hydraulic behavior. Thus, changes within these properties affect water flow paths and the soil water and matter balance. Most often these soil physical properties are assumed to be constant in time and little is known about their natural evolution. Therefore, we studied the evolution of physical and hydraulic soil properties along two soil chronosequences in proglacial forefields in the Central Alps, Switzerland. One soil chronosequence developed on silicate and the other on calcareous parent material. Each soil chronosequence consisted of 4 moraines with the ages of 30, 160, 3000, and 10 000 years at the silicate forefield and 110, 160, 4900, and 13 500 years at the calcareous forefield. We investigated bulk density, porosity, the content of clay, silt, sand, and gravel as well as loss on ignition and hydraulic properties in form of retention curves and hydraulic conductivity curves. Samples were taken in three depths (10, 30, 50 cm) at six sampling sites at each moraine. Soil physical and hydraulic properties change considerably over the chronosequence. Particle size distribution shows a pronounced reduction in sand content and an increase in silt and clay content over time at both sites. Bulk density decreases and porosity increases during the first 10 millenia of soil development. The trend is equally present at both parent materials, but the reduction in sand and increase in silt content was more pronounced at the calcareous site. The organic matter content increases, which is especially pronounced in the top soil at the silicate site. With the change in physical soil properties and organic matter content the hydraulic soil properties change from fast draining coarse textured soils to slow draining soils with high water holding capacity, which is also more pronounced in the top soil at the silicate site. The dataset presented in this paper is available at the online repository of the German Research Center for Geosciences (GFZ, Hartmann et al. (2020b)). The dataset can be accessed via the link: http://pmd.gfz-potsdam.de/panmetaworks/review/f46bd4d822a0766a9c0baf356bc7e55644d65d62d7ab71527f5d80c35eed11e5 and will be published with the DOI specified under the link.

scholarly journals Conservation Horticulture in Mango Orchards: Comparative Effects of Conventional and Conservation Management Practices on Soil Properties of an Alfisol under Seasonally Dry Tropical Savanna Climate

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Ganeshamurthy ◽  
V. Ravindra ◽  
P. Panneerselvam ◽  
K. Sathyarahini ◽  
R. M. Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Conservation Practices ◽  
Long Period

<p>Conservation horticulture is a new concept in management of soil health under perennial horticultural cropping systems. Experiments conducted reasonably over a long period on such soil management systems provide valuable information about sustainability of production systems. This paper reports the results of comprehensive investigations on soil chemical, physical, biochemical and biological properties of soils under conventional and conservation horticulture practices over a long period in drylnd mango orchards on Alfisols. Effects of conservation tillage, inter cropping and cover cropping on soil carbon fractions was measured by determination of loss on ignition, organic carbon (OC) and active carbon (AC). Soil biochemical properties were evaluated by measuring glomalin and extracellular enzymatic activities viz., dehydrogenase, urease, phosphomonoestrase and arylsulphatase and measurement of soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and carbon mineralization. Biological status was evaluated by estimating bacterial, actinobacterial and fungal populations, earthworms, micro arthropods and centipedes. Soil physical status was assessed by measuring bulk density, soil moisture status and infiltration rates.</p><p>Conservation horticultural practices improved the quality of soil, especially near the surface, by lowering the bulk density and enhancing infiltration rate. The soil aggregate formation and water stability have enhanced in plots with conservation practices because of higher production of glomalin compared with vegetable and orchard plots where conventional practices were followed. Relationship between measured infiltration and soil properties showed high average IRs in conservation plots due to high organic matter content, low bulk density values and enhanced exchangeable basic cations. Vegetable plots and conventional mango plots showed complete decline in earthworm and centipede population while plots with conservation practices showed a build-up of their population. Microbial and biochemical properties significantly improved in plots with conservation horticultural practices over orchard plots with conventional practices. Legumes as inter and cover crops were found to be superior in improving soil quality than sweet potato.</p>

scholarly journals Improvement of the chemical properties and buffering capacity of coastal sandy soil as affected by clays and organic by-product application

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fibrianty Minhal ◽  
Azwar Ma'as ◽  
Eko Hanudin ◽  
Putu Sudira
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Organic Polymer ◽  
Natural Polymers

The main problem with coastal sandy soil is its low water and nutrient retention due to its low clay and organic matter content. This study was aimed at improving the chemical properties and buffering capacity of these soils by using ameliorants of clay and organic polymers. The leaching experiment was conducted with two factors and three replications. The first factor was a clay ameliorant (5% clay, whether from the soil type Inceptisol (I) and the soil type Vertisol (V)). The second factor was a natural or synthetic organic polymer (tapioca 1% and 2% (T1 and T2), tapioca dregs 1% and 2% (TD1 and TD2), polyvinyl alcohol 0.1% and 0.2% (P1 and P2)). The leaching was carried out at 1-month intervals and the leachate was collected for the analysis of the soluble Ca, Mg, K and Na. The leaching was stopped after all the treatments reached the electrical conductivity values &lt; 100 μS/cm. The ameliorants of clay (I or V) and natural polymer (T or TD) significantly increased the cation exchange capacity, the available cations, and the buffering capacity of the coastal sandy soil. The single treatment of I was better than V in increasing the available Mg, while the combination with organic natural polymers could increase the available Ca and K. The treatment of ITD2 was able to increase the soil buffering and maintain the soluble Ca, Mg and K in the coastal sandy soil. Therefore, TD which is a by-product of the tapioca flour industry when combined with I has the potential to be a prospective ameliorant for coastal sandy soils.

Influence of surface and subsurface soil properties on atrazine sorption and degradation

Weed Science ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian M. Jenks ◽  
Fred W. Roeth ◽  
Alex R. Martin ◽  
Dennis L. McCallister
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Desorption Isotherms ◽  
Atrazine Degradation

Studies to predict pesticide fate often lack measurements of model input parameters. Using independent data sets and understanding how soil properties affect herbicide retention and degradation may result in more accurate prediction of herbicide fate. We conducted laboratory studies to determine the influence of soil properties on atrazine adsorption and degradation. These data will be used in a separate study involving a pesticide fate model. Atrazine adsorption and desorption isotherms were constructed for six soil depths of a Hastings silty clay loam (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Udic Argiustoll) using batch equilibration. The Freundlich adsorption constants (logKf) ranged from 0.38 (60 to 90 cm) to 2.91 (0 to 30 cm). Adsorption was higher in the low pH, high organic matter-containing surface soil compared to the lower soil depths. Multiple regression of the adsorption constants against selected soil properties indicated that organic matter content was the best single predictor of atrazine adsorption (R2= 0.98) followed by soil pH (R2= 0.82). Combining organic matter and cation exchange capacity in the model produced the lowestCpstatistic (2.33) and highestR2value (0.99). We observed hysteresis in atrazine adsorption–desorption isotherms by higher adsorption slopes (1/n)adscompared to desorption slopes (1/n)des. Soils that adsorbed more atrazine also desorbed less atrazine. Desorption correlated negatively with organic matter content and positively with soil pH. Atrazine degradation after 84 d of incubation generally decreased with increasing depth. The first-order degradation rate was highest 0 to 30 cm deep (0.0187 day−1) and lowest 270 to 300 cm deep (0.0031 day−1). Atrazine degradation was faster in soil treated annually for 12 yr than in soil with no previous atrazine history (p = 0.01).

Water retention in Australian soils. 2.* Prediction using particle size, bulk density, and other properties

Soil Research ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Paydar ◽  
HP Cresswell
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Point Method ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
The One

Different approaches were investigated for estimating the parameters in the Campbell soil water characteristic (SWC) equation from soil attributes such as particle size distribution (PSD), bulk density, and organic matter content. Predicted soil water characteristics were compared with measured values for soils of the wheatbelt of south-eastern Australia. A method of prediction is proposed incorporating an empirical relationship for estimating the slope of the SWC from the slope of the cumulative PSD. A power-law form is assumed for both the SWC and PSD functions. One measured SWC point is then used to locate and thus define the SWC curve. When SWC points predicted with this 'one-point' method were compared with measured values, the mean absolute value of the difference between each measured and predicted SWC point was 0.016 m3/m3 for the Geeves data and 0.027 m3/m3 for the Forrest data. Eight sets of predictive equations, previously developed using multiple regression analysis, were also evaluated. Whilst the equations predicted the slope of the SWC curves reasonably well, predictions of the air entry potential were poor. Although less accurate, the equations developed by multiple regression are less demanding in data requirement compared with alternative SWC prediction methods. The one-point method gave better predictions than the multiple regression approach but was less accurate than the 'two-point' method proposed in the first paper in this series. The one-point method should be considered where PSD data and 1 measured SWC point are available. In most other circumstances it will be more accurate and cost-effective to measure 2 SWC points to define the soil water characteristic function (the two-point method).* Part I, Aust. J. Soil Res., 1996, 34, 195–212.

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