scholarly journals Modification and Performance Evaluation of a Floating Drum Biogas Digester

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Uthman
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Cattle Dung ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Inlet Pipe ◽  
Animal Dung ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Accumulated Temperature ◽  
And Performance

Biogas is a renewable source of energy that is obtained from the anaerobic digestion of agricultural residues, animal dung, energy crops, domestic wastes and industrial wastes. These categories of waste that produce biogas are promising sources of energy and the biotechnology process of biofuel is environmentally friendly. This study aimed at modifying, fabricating and evaluating a floating drum digester. The modified floating drum digester consists of the digester tank, gas holder tank, feeding inlet pipe, gas collector outlet, slurry outlet, thermometer and hose. The gas holder tank was inserted into the digester tank while the biogas is generated in the digester tank by pressure. The biogas was produced from the mixture of cattle dung 30 % and 50 % plant wastes. Hence, the organic waste mixed with water in the ratio of 1: 2 for the digestion process. The digestion temperature was recorded daily for a period of 21 days at constant pressure of 1.32 KN/m2 throughout the experiment. The result revealed that the minimum and maximum average temperatures are 25 to 33 oC. This shows that the ambient temperature affects the temperature in the digester and the amount of gas produced is a function of the accumulated temperature in the digester. It was observed that the biogas generated increase as temperature rise. The modified floating drum digester is affordable and it is recommended for small- and large-scale production.

Recent Advances in 3D Weaving for Textile Preforming

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry Dickinson ◽  
Mansour Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
Weaving Technology ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Woven Structure ◽  
3D Weaving

Abstract There have been many publications on “3D Weaving”, and there are numerous patents on a variety of devices that may be used to make a “3D Woven” structure. The majority of the 3D woven products that are currently commercially available are formed by a 2D weaving process that is used to build up a preform with fibers oriented in three dimensions. Recent advances have lead to multiple insertion 3D weaving, i.e. 3D fabric formation with each process cycle, or multi-layers at one time. The 3Weaving™ process is a multiple insertion 3D weaving technology that is different from traditional weaving. These distinctions about the different processes will be detailed in this paper. Additionally, the economics, manufacturing and performance of 3D woven textile preforms for composites will be discussed. Problems and solutions in each of these areas that prevent the large scale production of advanced composites will be presented. The advantage of 3D textile preforming is the ability to take complexity and labor out of manually intensive and expensive composites fabrication processes, and put it in the relatively inexpensive automated preforming process.

scholarly journals Effects of post-lithography cleaning on the yield and performance of CVD graphene-based devices

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 349-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Nery Duarte de Araujo ◽  
Thiago Alonso Stephan Lacerda de Sousa ◽  
Luciano de Moura Guimarães ◽  
Flavio Plentz
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Transport ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Cvd Graphene ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Conventional Production ◽  
Protection Layer ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Graphene Devices

The large-scale production of high-quality and clean graphene devices, aiming at technological applications, has been a great challenge over the last decade. This is due to the high affinity of graphene with polymers that are usually applied in standard lithography processes and that, inevitably, modify the electrical proprieties of graphene. By Raman spectroscopy and electrical-transport investigations, we correlate the room-temperature carrier mobility of graphene devices with the size of well-ordered domains in graphene. In addition, we show that the size of these well-ordered domains is highly influenced by post-photolithography cleaning processes. Finally, we show that by using poly(dimethylglutarimide) (PMGI) as a protection layer, the production yield of CVD graphene devices is enhanced. Conversely, their electrical properties are deteriorated as compared with devices fabricated by conventional production methods.

scholarly journals Use of Industrial Wastes as Sustainable Nutrient Sources for Bacterial Cellulose (BC) Production: Mechanism, Advances, and Future Perspectives

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 3365
Author(s):  
Abudukeremu Kadier ◽  
R.A. Ilyas ◽  
M.R.M. Huzaifah ◽  
Nani Harihastuti ◽  
S.M. Sapuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Nutrient Sources ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
The Cost

A novel nanomaterial, bacterial cellulose (BC), has become noteworthy recently due to its better physicochemical properties and biodegradability, which are desirable for various applications. Since cost is a significant limitation in the production of cellulose, current efforts are focused on the use of industrial waste as a cost-effective substrate for the synthesis of BC or microbial cellulose. The utilization of industrial wastes and byproduct streams as fermentation media could improve the cost-competitiveness of BC production. This paper examines the feasibility of using typical wastes generated by industry sectors as sources of nutrients (carbon and nitrogen) for the commercial-scale production of BC. Numerous preliminary findings in the literature data have revealed the potential to yield a high concentration of BC from various industrial wastes. These findings indicated the need to optimize culture conditions, aiming for improved large-scale production of BC from waste streams.

scholarly journals A Review on Humidity, Temperature and Strain Printed Sensors—Current Trends and Future Perspectives

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 739
Author(s):  
Dimitris Barmpakos ◽  
Grigoris Kaltsas
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Material Deposition ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Digitally Controlled ◽  
Printed Sensors ◽  
And Performance

Printing technologies have been attracting increasing interest in the manufacture of electronic devices and sensors. They offer a unique set of advantages such as additive material deposition and low to no material waste, digitally-controlled design and printing, elimination of multiple steps for device manufacturing, wide material compatibility and large scale production to name but a few. Some of the most popular and interesting sensors are relative humidity, temperature and strain sensors. In that regard, this review analyzes the utilization and involvement of printing technologies for full or partial sensor manufacturing; production methods, material selection, sensing mechanisms and performance comparison are presented for each category, while grouping of sensor sub-categories is performed in all applicable cases. A key aim of this review is to provide a reference for sensor designers regarding all the aforementioned parameters, by highlighting strengths and weaknesses for different approaches in printed humidity, temperature and strain sensor manufacturing with printing technologies.

I. S. A. Baud. Forms of Production and Women's Labour: Gender Aspects of Industrialisation in India and Mexico. New Delhi: Sage Publications. 1992. 321 pp.Hardbound. Price: Indian Rs 295.00.

1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-131
Author(s):  
Naureen Talha
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Commodity Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Mexican Society ◽  
Small Production

The literature on female labour in Third World countries has become quite extensive. India, being comparatively more advanced industrially, and in view of its size and population, presents a pictures of multiplicity of problems which face the female labour market. However, the author has also included Mexico in this analytical study. It is interesting to see the characteristics of developing industrialisation in two different societies: the Indian society, which is conservative, and the Mexican society, which is progressive. In the first chapter of the book, the author explains that he is not concerned with the process of industrialisation and female labour employed at different levels of work, but that he is interested in forms of production and women's employment in large-scale production, petty commodity production, marginal small production, and self-employment in the informal sector. It is only by analysis of these forms that the picture of females having a lower status is understood in its social and political setting.

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