scholarly journals Scale up to infinity: the UWB Indoor Global Positioning System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Santoro ◽  
Davide Brunelli ◽  
daniele fontanelli ◽  
matteo nardello
Keyword(s):  
Scale Up ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Maximum Error ◽  
Absolute Maximum ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Transmission Mechanisms ◽  
Local Positioning System ◽  
Update Rate

Determining assets position with high accuracy and scalability is one of the most investigated technology on the market. The accuracy provided by satellites-based positioning systems (i.e., GLONASS or Galileo) is not always sufficient when a decimeter-level accuracy is required or when there is the need of localising entities that operate inside indoor environments. Scalability is also a recurrent problem when dealing with indoor positioning systems. This paper presents an innovative UWB Indoor GPS-Like local positioning system able to tracks any number of assets without decreasing measurements update rate. To increase the system’s accuracy the mathematical model and the sources of uncertainties are investigated. Results highlight how the proposed implementation provides positioning information with an absolute maximum error below 20 cm. Scalability is also resolved thanks to DTDoA transmission mechanisms not requiring an active role from the asset to be tracked.

scholarly journals Scale up to infinity: the UWB Indoor Global Positioning System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Santoro ◽  
Davide Brunelli ◽  
daniele fontanelli ◽  
matteo nardello
Keyword(s):  
Scale Up ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Maximum Error ◽  
Absolute Maximum ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Transmission Mechanisms ◽  
Local Positioning System ◽  
Update Rate

Determining assets position with high accuracy and scalability is one of the most investigated technology on the market. The accuracy provided by satellites-based positioning systems (i.e., GLONASS or Galileo) is not always sufficient when a decimeter-level accuracy is required or when there is the need of localising entities that operate inside indoor environments. Scalability is also a recurrent problem when dealing with indoor positioning systems. This paper presents an innovative UWB Indoor GPS-Like local positioning system able to tracks any number of assets without decreasing measurements update rate. To increase the system’s accuracy the mathematical model and the sources of uncertainties are investigated. Results highlight how the proposed implementation provides positioning information with an absolute maximum error below 20 cm. Scalability is also resolved thanks to DTDoA transmission mechanisms not requiring an active role from the asset to be tracked.

UWB Positioning Systsem Design: Selection of Modulation and Multiple Access Schemes

2007 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Yu ◽  
Enrique Aguado ◽  
Gary Brodin ◽  
John Cooper ◽  
David Walsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Access ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Good Time ◽  
Modulation Scheme ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Signal Design ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Design Selection

In densely-populated cities or indoor environments, limited visibility to satellites and severe multipath effects significantly affect the accuracy and reliability of satellite-based positioning systems. To meet the needs of “seamless navigation” in these challenging environments an advanced terrestrial positioning system is under development. This system is based upon Ultra-Wideband (UWB) technology, which is a promising candidate for this application due to good time domain resolution and immunity to multipath. This paper presents a detailed analysis of two key aspects of the UWB signal design that will allow it to be used as the basis of such a high performance positioning system: the modulation scheme and the multiple access technique. These two aspects are evaluated in terms of spectral efficiency and synchronisation performance over multipath channels. Thus this paper identifies optimal modulation and multiple access techniques for a long range, high performance terrestrial positioning system using UWB.

scholarly journals Easily-Deployable Acoustic Local Positioning System Based on Auto-Calibrated Wireless Beacons

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1385 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Moreno ◽  
Fernando Álvarez ◽  
Teodoro Aguilera ◽  
José Paredes
Keyword(s):  
Spread Spectrum ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Real Time System ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Local Positioning System ◽  
Update Rate ◽  
Positioning Algorithm ◽  
Node Position

Self-calibrated Acoustic Local Positioning Systems (ALPS) generally require a high consumption of hardware and software resources to obtain the user’s position at an acceptable update rate. To address this limitation, this work proposes a self-calibrated ALPS based on a software/hardware co-design approach. This working architecture allows for efficient communications, signal processing tasks, and the running of the positioning algorithm on low-cost devices. This fact also enables the real-time system operation. The proposed system is composed of a minimum of four RF-synchronized active acoustic beacons, which emit spread-spectrum modulated signals to position an unlimited number of receiver nodes. Each receiver node estimates the beacons’ position by means of an auto-calibration process and then computes its own position by means of a 3D multilateration algorithm. A set of experimental tests has been carried out where the feasibility of the proposed system is demonstrated. In these experiments, accuracies below 0.1 m are obtained in the determination of the receptor node position with respect to the set of previously-calibrated beacons.

scholarly journals Calibration of Beacons for Indoor Environments based on a Digital Map and Heuristic Information

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 670
Author(s):  
David Gualda ◽  
Jesús Ureña ◽  
José Alcalá ◽  
Carlos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Harmony Search ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Angle Of Incidence ◽  
Distance Measurements ◽  
Digital Map ◽  
Local Positioning System ◽  
Numerical Minimization

This paper proposes an algorithm for calibrating the position of beacons which are placed on the ceiling of an indoor environment. In this context, the term calibration is used to estimate the position coordinates of a beacon related to a known reference system in a map. The positions of a set of beacons are used for indoor positioning purposes. The operation of the beacons can be based on different technologies such as radiofrequency (RF), infrared (IR) or ultrasound (US), among others. In this case we are interested in the positions of several beacons that compose an Ultrasonic Local Positioning System (ULPS) placed on different strategic points of the building. The calibration proposal uses several distances from a beacon to the neighbor walls measured by a laser meter. These measured distances, the map of the building in a vector format and other heuristic data (such as the region in which the beacon is located, the approximate orientation of the distance measurements to the walls and the equations in the map coordinate system of the line defining these walls) are the inputs of the proposed algorithm. The output is the best estimation of the position of the beacon. The process is repeated for all the beacons. To find the best estimation of the position of the beacons we have implemented a numerical minimization based on the use of a Genetic Algorithm (GA) and a Harmony Search (HS) methods. The proposal has been validated with simulations and real experiments, obtaining the positions of the beacons and an estimation of the error associated that depends on which walls (and the angle of incidence of the laser) are selected to make the distance measurements.

A low-cost integrated positioning system for autonomous off-highway vehicles

2008 ◽  
Vol 222 (11) ◽  
pp. 1997-2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
L-S Guo ◽  
Q Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Inertial Sensor ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Maximum Error ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Differential Gps ◽  
Fusion Algorithm ◽  
Position Information ◽  
Mems Accelerometer ◽  
Sensor Unit ◽  
Update Rate

This article reports a method for integrating a low-cost positioning system, constructed using a Garmin N17 global positioning system (GPS) and an integrated inertial sensor unit, consisting of three single-axis microelectromechanical system (MEMS) gyros and one triaxial MEMS accelerometer, for autonomous off-highway vehicle use. Based on a vehicle position—velocity—attitude (PVA) model, a data fusion algorithm was formulated to extract more accurate and reliable positioning information from the raw data sensed by the GPS and inertial sensor unit. The developed integrated positioning system (IPS) was evaluated on an agricultural utility vehicle on three different sites. A real-time kinematic (RTK) differential GPS unit, capable of providing 2–3cm dynamic positioning accuracy while the position dilution of precision is low enough, was installed on the test vehicle to provide accurate positioning references in those evaluation tests. Results obtained from those tests showed that, when the vehicle was travelling on paved roads near buildings and/or under the trees, the maximum positioning error of the developed IPS was 0.50m, and that this maximum error level was reduced to 0.30m when the vehicle was travelling in open fields. The IPS could provide a position update rate at 50Hz; even the GPS could provide only a 1Hz update rate. Test results also revealed that this system could continuously provide accurate position signals when the GPS signal is lost for up to 30s. This research verified that a low-cost IPS could provide satisfactory position information for autonomous off-highway vehicle uses.

scholarly journals An Overview of Local Positioning System: Technologies, Techniques and Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.25) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hameedah Sahib Hasan ◽  
Mohamed Hussein ◽  
Shaharil Mad Saad ◽  
Mohd Azuwan Mat Dzahir
Keyword(s):  
Good Accuracy ◽  
Position System ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Animal Tracking ◽  
System A ◽  
Local Positioning System ◽  
Tracking Object

Positioning system like global position system (GPS) and Local position system (LPS) have become very important in a large number of applications such as monitoring and tracking, etc. Because of the limitations of GPS in indoor environments due to the lack of line of sight (LoS), the use of LPS has become a true necessary to estimate user’s or object position with a good accuracy. In order to choose the best LPS system, a compromise between accuracy, precision, power consumption, coverage and cost should be taken into account. This paper introduces an overview of LPS performance parameters, current technologies, techniques and methods used by LPS. On the other hand, the comparison between LPS technologies and techniques used based on those technologies are also discussed. Furthermore, the LPS’s applications that have been done by previous researches such as human tracking, object tracking, animal tracking and automatic guide vehicle (AGV) tracking will be discussed. We believe this paper would catalyze further investigation by the researcher which is interested on the LPS field. 

scholarly journals Characterization of an Ultrasonic Local Positioning System for 3D Measurements

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaoula Mannay ◽  
Jesús Ureña ◽  
Álvaro Hernández ◽  
Mohsen Machhout ◽  
Taoufik Aguili
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Indoor Positioning ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite Systems ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Fusion Algorithm ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Indoor Location ◽  
Local Positioning System

Indoor location and positioning systems (ILPS) are used to locate and track people, as well as mobile and/or connected targets, such as robots or smartphones, not only inside buildings with a lack of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) signals but also in constrained outdoor situations with reduced coverage. Indoor positioning applications and their interest are growing in certain environments, such as commercial centers, airports, hospitals or factories. Several sensory technologies have already been applied to indoor positioning systems, where ultrasounds are a common solution due to its low cost and simplicity. This work proposes a 3D ultrasonic local positioning system (ULPS), based on a set of three asynchronous ultrasonic beacon units, capable of transmitting coded signals independently, and on a 3D mobile receiver prototype. The proposal is based on the aforementioned beacon unit, which consists of five ultrasonic transmitters oriented towards the same coverage area and has already been proven in 2D positioning by applying hyperbolic trilateration. Since there are three beacon units available, the final position is obtained by merging the partial results from each unit, implementing a minimum likelihood estimation (MLE) fusion algorithm. The approach has been characterized, and experimentally verified, trying to maximize the coverage zone, at least for typical sizes in most common public rooms and halls. The proposal has achieved a positioning accuracy below decimeters for 90% of the cases in the zone where the three ultrasonic beacon units are available, whereas these accuracies can degrade above decimeters according to whether the coverage from one or more beacon units is missing. The experimental workspace covers a large volume, where tests have been carried out at points placed in two different horizontal planes.

scholarly journals Crowdsensing Influences and Error Sources in Urban Outdoor Wi-Fi Fingerprinting Positioning

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian-Liviu Leca ◽  
Ioan Nicolaescu ◽  
Petrica Ciotirnae
Keyword(s):  
Signal Strength ◽  
Location Based Services ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Error Sources ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Insight Into

Wi-Fi fingerprinting positioning systems have been deployed for a long time in location-based services for indoor environments. Combining mobile crowdsensing and Wi-Fi fingerprinting systems could reduce the high cost of collecting the necessary data, enabling the deployment of the resulting system for outdoor positioning in areas with dense Wi-Fi coverage. In this paper, we present the results attained in the design and evaluation of an urban fingerprinting positioning system based on crowdsensed Wi-Fi measurements. We first assess the quality of the collected measurements, highlighting the influence of received signal strength on data collection. We then evaluate the proposed system by comparing the influence of the crowdsensed fingerprints on the overall positioning accuracy for different scenarios. This evaluation helps gain valuable insight into the design and deployment of urban Wi-Fi positioning systems while also allowing the proposed system to match GPS-like accuracy in similar conditions.

scholarly journals A Method for The Assessing of Reliability Characteristics Relevant to an Assumed Position-Fixing Accuracy in Navigational Positioning Systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cezary Specht ◽  
Jacek Rudnicki
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Markov Processes ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Maximum Error ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Permissible Error ◽  
Reliability Characteristics ◽  
Formal Requirements ◽  
Working Out

Abstract This paper presents a method which makes it possible to determine reliability characteristics of navigational positioning systems, relevant to an assumed value of permissible error in position fixing. The method allows to calculate: availability , reliability as well as operation continuity of position fixing system for an assumed, determined on the basis of formal requirements - both worldwide and national, position-fixing accuracy. The proposed mathematical model allows to satisfy, by any navigational positioning system, not only requirements as to position-fixing accuracy of a given navigational application (for air , sea or land traffic) but also the remaining characteristics associated with technical serviceability of a system. Essence of the method in question consists in the working-out of recorded empirical position-fixing data as well as the making use of multi-state Markov processes ( appropriate to a maximum error value permissible for various navigational applications ) as a result of which reliability characteristics based on real data would be determined. About usefulness of a given navigational positioning system for its possible application would decide a vector of variables (both dealing with position and reliability) which satisfies / or does not satisfy / formal navigational requirements for a given application.

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