Karyotype Variation in Eight Cultivars of Indian Dessert Banana (Musa acuminata L.) of Section Eumusa From Odisha, India

Banana (Musa spp.) cultivars especially dessert banana are important cash crop with high market demand all over the world as an integral part of the diet. The need for assessment of cytogenetic characters in Musa cultivars is inevitable as out of thousands of cultivars, cytogenetic characterization of most of them remains unresolved due to difficulties like small chromosome size, diversity in ploidy levels and high cultivar diversity which behave differently to standardized cytogenetic protocols. In this report, somatic chromosome number, detailed karyotype analysis including total chromosome length, volume, form percentage, Interphase Nuclear Volume (INV) were accessed on eight dessert type of Musa accessions from different places of Odisha. All the cultivars studied were found triploid (2n = 33) with a basic chromosome number of x=11. The karyotype formulae were assigned to each cultivar by grouping the chromosome according to their shared characteristics. The total chromosome length ranged from 54.95 µm in cv. Robusta to 81.5 µm in cv. Kathia with symmetric karyotype in all the studied cultivar. Karyotype formula revealed structural alteration of chromosome with Total Form percentage (TF%) variation from 35.65% in cv. Amritapani to 41.68% in cv. Patakpura that confirms more number of nearly median constricted chromosome as compared to sub-median chromosome. The total chromosome volume recorded from 10.78 µm3 in cv. Robusta to 15.99 µm3 in cv. Khatia and the INV varied from 1336.44 µm3 in cv. Dwarf Cavendish to 2048.37 µm3 in cv. Patakpura. The recorded structural variation might be due to differential genome specific condensation of chromosome. Chromosome length and volume found statistically significant among the cultivars.

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Chromosome counts of eight Iranian endemic species of Nepeta L. (Lamiaceae)

Caryologia ◽

10.36253/caryologia-729 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 74 (1) ◽

pp. 53-61

Author(s):

Maryam Hasaninejad ◽

Ziba Jamzad ◽

Saeid Afsharzadeh ◽

HojJatollah Saeidi

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Number ◽

Species Group ◽

Chromosome Length ◽

Basic Chromosome Number ◽

Chromosome Counts ◽

Ploidy Levels ◽

Study Results ◽

Karyotypic Diversity ◽

Karyotype Formula ◽

First Time

In this survey, the chromosome counts of eight Nepeta L. species were investigated and the karyotypic diversity among these species was studied. The examined species belong to N. cephalotes Boiss. species group, namely N. eremokosmos Rech.f., N. gloeocephala Rech. f., cephalotes Boiss., N. pungens (Bunge) Benth., N. ispahanica Boiss., N. mahanensis Jamzad & Simonds, N. hormozganica Jamzad and N. denudata Benth. collected from different habitats in Iran. The ploidy levels, karyotype formula, chromosome length range, total karyotype length, several karyotype asymmetries values and Stebbins classification were determined in this study. Results showed the same chromosome number, 2n = 2x= 18 for all studied species. The basic chromosome number for the above mentioned species are x = 9. Also, the smallest chromosome length is 1.02 μm in N. mahanensis. The largest chromosome length is 2.3 μm in N. ispahanica. The chromosomes of species were metacentric or submetacentric. According to the Stebbins classification, these species were located into three classes 1A, 2A and 3A. The chromosome numbers for six of studied species are reported here for the first time.

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Karyological Characteristics of Some Endemic Onobrychis Taxa Belonging to Onobrychis Section Naturally Grown in Turkey

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology ◽

10.24925/turjaf.v6i11.1530-1536.1781 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (11) ◽

pp. 1530 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Onur İleri ◽

Süleyman Avcı

Keyword(s):

Preparation Method ◽

Hierarchical Cluster ◽

Chromosome Length ◽

Basic Chromosome Number ◽

Chromosome 1 ◽

Chromosome 2 ◽

Squash Preparation ◽

Ploidy Levels ◽

The Third ◽

Total Chromosome Length

Karyotype properties of of six endemic Onobrychis taxa (O. beata, O. cilicica, O. fallax, O. podperae, O. sulphurea and O. lasistanica) naturally grown in Turkey were determined using squash preparation method and similarity of these endemics with cultivated taxon (O. viciifolia) were revealed. Ploidy levels of Onobrychis taxa were diploid (2n=14) except O. lasistanica and O. viciifolia (2n=28). Basic chromosome number is x=7 and chromosomes ranged from median to sub median with regard to centromere position. While the longest total chromosome length was measured in O. cilicica (28.21 µm), the shortest total chromosome length was in O. beata (21.47 µm). O. cilicica and O. sulphurea have satellite on chromosome 1 and chromosome 2, respectively. Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed to determine the relationships among the Onobrychis taxa and they were separated into three groups. O. fallax, and O. podperae were in the first group while O. sulphurea and O. cilicica were in the second group. O. beata, O. lasistanica, and O. viciifolia were assigned to the third group.

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Genome size and ploidy variations in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) and napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) genotypes

Acta Agronómica ◽

10.15446/acag.v68n4.75939 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 68 (4) ◽

pp. 299-305

Author(s):

David Adedayo Animasaun ◽

Joseph A. Morakinyo ◽

Oba T. Mustapha ◽

Ramar Krishnamurthy

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Number ◽

Genome Size ◽

Pearl Millet ◽

Pennisetum Glaucum ◽

Basic Chromosome Number ◽

Napier Grass ◽

Pennisetum Purpureum ◽

Evolutionary Pathway ◽

Ploidy Levels ◽

Evolution And Development

Pennisetum glaucum (Pearl millet) and P. purpureum (Napier grass) are economically important members of the genus Pennisetum. The knowledge of variability in chromosome number, size and genomic content of the species could provide clues on the mechanisms responsible for decrease or increase in genomic content in the evolutionary pathway. In the present study, twenty nine genotypes consisting of 24 pearl millet and 5 Napier grass were assessed for inter- and intra-variations in chromosome number, ploidy status and genome content. Conventional cytogenetic was used for chromosome counting and flow cytometry technique for assessing genomic contents of the genotypes. Pearl millet genotypes were diploid (2n = 14) while Napier grass were mainly polyploid (2n = 28). Despite differences in the ploidy levels, the basic chromosome number was 7. The average 2C values was 4.86 pg and 4.58 pg for pearl millet and Napier grass genotypes respectively. The DNA content per haploid cell was higher among pearl millet genotypes and the genomic size were negatively related to chromosome number and ploidy levels, meanwhile, the GC richness was directly proportional to genomic size of the genotype. The mean channel values showed that the genotypes were nuclear haploid. The present study suggests that evolution and development of polyploidy was accompanied with loss in genomic content in Napier grass. It was also discovered that pearl millet with less number of chromosome, had higher genome size than Napier grass.

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Chromosome Numbers and Ploidy Levels of Chinese Curcuma Species

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.48.5.525 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 48 (5) ◽

pp. 525-530 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Juan Chen ◽

Nianhe Xia ◽

Jietang Zhao ◽

Jianjun Chen ◽

Richard J. Henny

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Numbers ◽

Karyotype Analysis ◽

Morphological Diversity ◽

Basic Chromosome Number ◽

Small Chromosome ◽

Species Relationships ◽

Ploidy Levels ◽

The Family ◽

Ornamental Crops ◽

Viable Seeds

Curcuma L. is an economically important genus in the family Zingiberaceae. Many species are grown as medicinal, culinary, and ornamental crops. As a result of their high morphological diversity and small chromosome sizes, chromosome numbers and species relationships of Chinese Curcumas remain debated. This study examined chromosome numbers of 15 populations representing 11 species of Curcuma from China. Results showed that only Curcuma flaviflora S. Q. Tong was diploid with 2n = 2x = 42 and C. kwangsiensis S. G. Lee & C. F. Liang was tetraploid with 2n = 4x = 84. The other species were triploid (2n = 3x = 63). The study indicated that the basic chromosome number of Curcuma from China could be x = 21. The diploid C. flaviflora produced viable seeds, which was the main means for propagation. The tetraploid and the triploids produced no seeds and relied on rhizomes for propagation. Chromosome sizes of all species were small, ranging from 0.5 to 2.1 μm, which prevented karyotype analysis. The fact that nine of 11 species studied were triploid indicates that triploidy may have some type of competitive advantage over the diploid and tetraploid. In addition, the triploids are popular commercially because of abundant rhizome production and this may contribute to their wide distributions.

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Chromosome Numbers of Rubus Species at the National Clonal Germplasm Repository

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.30.7.1447 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 30 (7) ◽

pp. 1447-1452 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

Maxine M. Thompson

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Number ◽

Chromosome Numbers ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Basic Chromosome Number ◽

Ploidy Levels ◽

Basic Chromosome ◽

Rubus Species ◽

Agricultural Research Service ◽

The U.S ◽

Research Service

The U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Clonal Germplasm Repository (NCGR), Corvallis, Ore., maintains Rubus germplasm representing worldwide diversity of the genus. Chromosome numbers were counted for 201 plants representing 124 taxa (species and varieties). There are new reports for 42 taxa, confirmation for 72 previously reported, and 10 counts for plants unidentified to species. The basic chromosome number was seven, and ploidy levels ranged from 2x to 12x.

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Morphological and Cytological Characterization of Five Porterweed (Stachytarpheta) Selections

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci15594-20 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Renjuan Qian ◽

S. Brooks Parrish ◽

Sandra B. Wilson ◽

Gary W. Knox ◽

Zhanao Deng

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Number ◽

Dna Content ◽

Nuclear Dna ◽

Nuclear Dna Content ◽

Basic Chromosome Number ◽

Pollen Stainability ◽

Flower Number ◽

Ploidy Levels ◽

Basic Chromosome

Porterweed (Stachytarpheta spp.), a member of the verbena family, is frequently used in pollinator gardens to attract butterflies. This study was conducted to assess the morphological features, pollen stainability and morphology, nuclear DNA content, and chromosome number of five porterweed selections. Coral porterweed (S. mutabilis), ‘Naples Lilac’ porterweed (S. cayennensis × S. mutabilis ‘Violacea’), and nettleleaf porterweed (S. cayennensis) had the largest plant heights. Flower number was significantly higher in nettleleaf porterweed, jamaican porterweed (S. jamaicensis), and U*J3-2 porterweed (S. cayennensis × S. jamaicensis), with an average of 65–72 flowers per inflorescence. Internode length and flower width of jamaican porterweed had much lower values than the other selections. Coral porterweed recorded the lowest pollen stainability with only 10.6% stainability, but it had the largest relative pollen production. ‘Naples Lilac’ porterweed had the highest DNA content with an average of 3.79 pg/2C, like jamaican porterweed with 3.73 pg/2C. Ploidy levels varied between selections, and the basic chromosome number was x = 28. Coral, jamaican, and ‘Naples Lilac’ porterweed had 2n = 6x = 168 chromosomes, first reported in this genus. These results provide a guide and a new tool to distinguish native and non-native porterweed and may aid future breeding toward the production of noninvasive cultivars.

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Cytotaxonomic studies in five species of Rutidosis (Asteraceae) endemic to south-eastern Queensland

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt01068 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 237 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Goro Kokubugata ◽

Ailsa E. Holland

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Number ◽

Staining Method ◽

Chromosome Length ◽

Basic Chromosome Number ◽

Gradual Change ◽

Basic Chromosome ◽

Taxonomic Treatment ◽

South Eastern ◽

Orcein Staining

Somatic chromosomes of five species of Rutidosis endemic to south-eastern Queensland were analysed by the aceto-orcein staining method. The five species were classified into two major groups by their basic chromosome number and asymmetry of chromosome length. Rutidosis glandulosa and R. murchisonii exhibited a basic chromosome number of x = 11 and a gradual change in chromosome length. Rutidosis crispata, R. lanata and R. leucantha exhibited a basic chromosome number of x = 12 and the karyotype was bimodal with respect to chromosome length. On the basis of chromosome evidence, we hypothesise that (1) R. glandulosa and R. murchisonii are closely related, (2) R. crispata and R. leucantha are closely related and (3) R. lanata is most likely to be derived from R. crispata by a hexaploidisation. The present results support Holland’s (1994, 1999) taxonomic treatment of the five species.

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Karyomorphological study of Enhydra fluctuans Lour. (Asteraceae)

Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research ◽

10.3329/bjsir.v54i4.44562 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 283-288

Author(s):

MS Rahman

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Number ◽

Relative Length ◽

Chromosome Length ◽

Basic Chromosome Number ◽

Individual Chromosome ◽

Interphase Nuclei ◽

Basic Chromosome ◽

Gradient Type ◽

Orcein Staining

In the present study, karyomorphological features of Enhydra fluctuans Lour. were investigated. Orcein-staining was used for the authentic chromosomal characterization and identification. In E. fluctuans ‘Simple Chromocenter Type’ of interphase nuclei was observed with many small heterochromatin blocks after orcein staining. Prophase chromosomes showed ‘Gradient Type’ with orcein staining. This species was found to possess 2n=10x=110 with basic chromosome number x=11 and this is probably the first report for this species. The centromeric formula of this species was ‘38m+70sm+2ac’. The above features indicated that E. fluctuans is an advance polyploid with asymmetric karyotype. The total chromatin length (2n) was 295.92 μm. Individual chromosome length ranged from 1.84-4.26 μm. The relative length of each chromosome ranged from 0.006-0.014. The above mentioned data will be useful for karyomorphological characterization of E. fluctuans from Bangladesh. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.54(4), 283-288, 2019

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Cytogenetic studies in some representatives of the subfamily Pooideae (Poaceae) in South Africa. 1. The tribe Aveneae, subtribe Aveninae

Bothalia ◽

10.4102/abc.v26i1.690 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 53-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J. J. Spies ◽

S. K. Spies ◽

S. M. C. Van Wyk ◽

A. F. Malan ◽

E. J. L. Liebenberg

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Chromosome Number ◽

Chromosome Numbers ◽

Basic Chromosome Number ◽

Ploidy Levels ◽

Basic Chromosome ◽

The World ◽

Cytogenetic Studies

This is a report on chromosome numbers for 14 species of the subtribe Aveninae. which is largely naturalized in South Africa. This is the first chromosome number report for Helictotrichon longifolium (Nees) Schweick. (n = 14). H. longum (Stapf)Schweick. (n = 14). H. namaquensis Schweick. (n = 14) and Lophochloa cristata (L.) Hyl. (n = 7, 21/2. 14). The subtribe has a basic chromosome number of seven, and fewer ploidy levels occur in the naturalized species in South Africa than in the same species in other parts of the world. All tetraploid specimens were alloploids.

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Chromosome number and size variations in the Australian Salicornioideae (Chenopodiaceae)—evidence of polyploidisation

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt03041 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 51 (4) ◽

pp. 441 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

K. A. Shepherd ◽

G. Yan

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Number ◽

Phenotypic Variation ◽

Somatic Chromosome ◽

Basic Chromosome Number ◽

Genome Length ◽

Chromosome Counts ◽

Ploidy Levels ◽

Basic Chromosome ◽

Endemic Genus ◽

Australian Species

New somatic chromosome counts were recorded from 27 accessions representing 21 Australian species across six genera, Halosarcia Wils., Pachycornia Hook.f., Sarcocornia Scott, Sclerostegia Wils., Tecticornia Hook.f. and Tegicornia Wils., in the subfamily Salicornioideae Ulbr. (Chenopodiaceae Venten.). The results indicated that the Australian Salicornioideae have a basic chromosome number of x = 9, congruent with other members of the Chenopodiaceae. Polyploidy is evident, particularly in the largest genus Halosarcia, ranging from diploid to hexaploid (2x = 18, 27, 36 and 54). With the exception of Pachycornia triandra (F.Muell.) Black, the chromosomes observed were 1.11–3.85 μm in length, with a total genome length of the haploid set of 13.82–23.16�μm. P. triandra had considerably larger chromosomes (3.09–5.57 μm) with a total genome length of the haploid set of 36.93 μm.Intraspecific ploidy variation occurs in the mostly endemic genus Halosarcia, which is the largest genus in the subfamily. Diploid, triploid and tetraploid ploidy levels were detected in H. indica (Willd.) subsp. bidens (Nees) Wils. sampled from separate populations and two ploidy levels were recorded in seedlings germinated from individual H. leptoclada Wils. and H. pterygosperma (Black) Wils. adults. The presence of polyploidy in Halosarcia may provide a mechanism that fosters diversity and phenotypic variation.

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