DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF SQUASH CYTOLOGY OF ASTROCYTOMA

BACKGROUND: Primary Central nervous system tumours occupies less than 2% of overall human cancers in adults. The accurate diagnosis of intracranial tumour is necessary for therapeutic and prognostic purpose. Intraoperative smear cytology provides a rapid diagnosis which helps the neurosurgeon for immediate decision regarding the extent of surgery. To Objectives: determine the accuracy of squash preparation, by comparing it with histopathological sections and analysing the cytomorphological features of astrocytoma This was both retrospective and prospective study. We receive Methods: d nineteen radiologically and clinically suspected Astrocytoma in saline with xatives. Crush smear were made and stained with rapid Haematoxylin and Eosin. The corresponding biopsy materials were xed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and submitted for tissue processing. Staining was done with routine Haematoxylin and Eosin stain. The cytomorphologicalfeatures of these tumours were correlated with histopathological sections. In our study, we received Results: nineteen radiologically and clinically suspected Astrocytoma , tissue of all the tumours were soft and easy to smear . Glioblastomamultiforme was the most commonly encounterd tumor amomgneuroepithelial tumor constituting about 42.1% followed by diffuse astrocytoma (36.8%), WHOgrade II and IV tumors of astrocytoma were commonly encountered in ourstudy. Astrocytoma was common in males than females with majority of them fall in 5 th decade. we got 94.7% correlation between squash cytology and histopathology. Squash cytology is Conclusion: simple,rapid, accurate and cost effective diagnostic tool for Astrocytoma

Long-term retainment of some chromosomal inversions in a local population of Belgica antarctica Jacobs (Diptera, Chironomidae)

Genome of antarctic endemic Belgica antarctica Jacobs has been sequenced. However, no set of inversion diagnostic markers has ever been assigned for the species. Using the classical method of polytene chromosome squash preparation, we found three heterozygous inversions located on the second (two heterozygous inversions) and third chromosomes (one heterozygous inversion) in the Belgica antarctica population of a cape of Wiencke Island, 500 m to SW from Port Lockroy. The chromosome set and chromosome variability did not differ from those described in the literature (Atchley and Davis 1979). Every salivary gland chromosome had its own markers by which it can be determined. However, we did not find a sex-linked inversion on chromosome III and heterozygous inversion on chromosome I, reported in earlier studies. For the first time, we observed a strong heterochromatin band in chromosome III at the telomere of one arm. Our data show not only the stability of the described inversions in the population but also the usefulness of the squash preparation technique in the studies of genetic variability of Belgica antarctica in present time.

Karyological Characteristics of Some Endemic Onobrychis Taxa Belonging to Onobrychis Section Naturally Grown in Turkey

Karyotype properties of of six endemic Onobrychis taxa (O. beata, O. cilicica, O. fallax, O. podperae, O. sulphurea and O. lasistanica) naturally grown in Turkey were determined using squash preparation method and similarity of these endemics with cultivated taxon (O. viciifolia) were revealed. Ploidy levels of Onobrychis taxa were diploid (2n=14) except O. lasistanica and O. viciifolia (2n=28). Basic chromosome number is x=7 and chromosomes ranged from median to sub median with regard to centromere position. While the longest total chromosome length was measured in O. cilicica (28.21 µm), the shortest total chromosome length was in O. beata (21.47 µm). O. cilicica and O. sulphurea have satellite on chromosome 1 and chromosome 2, respectively. Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed to determine the relationships among the Onobrychis taxa and they were separated into three groups. O. fallax, and O. podperae were in the first group while O. sulphurea and O. cilicica were in the second group. O. beata, O. lasistanica, and O. viciifolia were assigned to the third group.

Cytogenetic evaluation of two species of Cynanchum L. (Apocynaceae) from South India: A possible clue to evolution

The present study evaluates the chromosome count as well as the karyomorphological analysis of two species of Cynanchum L. (Apocynaceae) viz., C. viminale and C. sarcomedium. In order to investigate cytogenetic variation in Cynanchum species, mitotic squash preparation method was employed. Image analysis system and micro-measure software (AutoCad) were used to provide cytogenetic parameter measurements of karyotypes. The two plant species possess the same diploid (2n = 22) and haploid (n = 11) chromosome numbers and they are differentiated by their karyotype formula and quantitative parameters of the karyotypes. The karyotypic formula of C. viminale and C. sarcomedium are 22 nm and 16 nm + 6 nsm (-) respectively. Various karyomorphometric parameters or indices revealed the evolutionary status of the two species as primitive.

Intraoperative Squash and Touch Preparation Cytology of Brain Lesions Stained with H+E and Diff-Quik™: A 20-Year Retrospective Analysis and Comparative Literature Review

Objective: Squash preparation (SP) is a rapid technique for the intraoperative assessment of brain lesions. Only a few studies have employed touch preparation (TP) cytology and Diff-QuikTM (DQ) staining in conjunction with SP. Our study aimed to assess the diagnostic efficacy of SP of brain lesions at our institution, ascertain the additional effect of TP and DQ staining, examine factors affecting the sensitivity and specificity of our methods, and compare our findings with those of previous investigations. Study Design: Our database was searched for all SP/TP of brain lesions examined from January 1996 to December 2016. Results: During this 20-year study period, our search revealed 400 brain lesions diagnosed by SP/TP cytology. There were 338 (84.5%) neoplasms and 62 (15.5%) nonneoplastic lesions. The most common neoplasms were glioblastoma multiforme (24.6%), metastatic cancer (18.3%), meningioma (16.9%), astrocytoma (11.5%), lymphoma (8.3%), oligoastrocytoma (3.3%), and pituitary adenoma (3.3%). There was discordance between the SP/TP and histological diagnoses in 19/338 (5.6%) cases, i.e., 12 misclassifications of tumor subtype and 7 sampling errors. No false-positive cases were detected. Conclusion: Brain SP/TP stained with H+E/DQ demonstrated high sensitivity (97.9%), specificity (100%), and overall diagnostic accuracy (95.3%). The combined methods, in particular, aided in the diagnosis of brain tumors prone to smearing artifacts and certain metastatic malignancies.