scholarly journals Classification of boreal larch forests of the continental sector of Northern Eurasia (Conspectus of Syntaxa)

2019 ◽  
pp. 78-95
Author(s):  
N. B. Ermakov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Northern Eurasia ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Diagnostic Species ◽  
Larch Species ◽  
Larch Forests ◽  
Species Combination ◽  
Continental Part

The analysis of modern state of boreal larch forests in their main part of range placed in continental bioclimatic sector of Northern Eurasia (Siberia and continental part of Russian Far East) was performed. Conspectus of larch forests syntaxa was developed and it includes one class - Vaccinio myrtilli-Piceetea abietis Br.-Bl. in Braun-Blanquet et al. 1939, one subclass - Laricenea cajanderi-sibiricae subclass nova hoc loco, two orders - Ledo-Laricetalia cajanderi Ermakov in Ermakov et Alsynbayev 2004, Lathyro humilis-Laricetalia cajanderi Ermakov, Cherosov et Gogoleva 2002, six alliances - Ledo palustris-Laricion cajanderi Ermakov in Ermakov et Alsynbayev 2004, Pino sibiricae-Laricion sibiricae Ermakov in Ermakov et Alsynbayev 2004 (syn. Pino sibiricae-Laricion sibiricae Guinochet ex Dostalek et al. 1988 nom. nud., art. 2b, art. 8, Barkman et al., 1976, art. 2b, art. 8, Weber et al., 2000), Cladonio stellaris-Laricion gmelinii Anenkhonov et Chytry 1998, Empetro-Piceion obovatae Morozova in Morozova et al. 2008, Aulacomnio acuminati-Laricion cajanderi Ermakov Cherosov et Gogoleva 2002, Rhododendro daurici-Laricion gmelinii Ermakov in Krestov et al. 2009 and 30 associations. Diagnostic features of all syntaxa and their main ecological characteristics were represented. The problems of larch forests classification and syntaxa nomenclature were discussed. All diversity of boreal light-coniferous deciduous (larch) forests of continental bioclimatic sector of Northern Eurasia of the class Vaccinio-Piceetea was included in new subclass Laricenea cajanderi-sibiricae subclass nova hoc loco. Diagnostic species combination of the subclass includes predominating larch species ( Larix cajanderi, L. sibirica, L. gmelinii, L. decidua, L. olgensis ) and diagnostic species of the subordinated orders Ledo-Laricetalia cajanderi and Lathyro humilis-Laricetalia cajanderi .

Revision of the higher syntaxa of meadows in the Russian Far East

2009 ◽  
pp. 37-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. B. Ermakov ◽  
P. V. Krestov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Northern Asia ◽  
Gentiana Scabra ◽  
Diagnostic Species ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Sedum Aizoon ◽  
The Russian Far East

A revision of the higher syntaxa of meadows of the Russian Far East has been made on the basis of results of ecological, phytocoenotic and chorological analyses of associations and higher units published by M. Achty­amov (1985, 1987а, б, 1995, 2000) and G. Dymina (1980, 1985). Conceptual basis for existing syn­taxo­nomic system of the meadows and leading diagnostic features of syntaxa have been reviewed. Authors propose to include all diverse Daurian-Manchurian meadows into two different classes. Hygro-mesic meadow communities of bogged flood-plane habitats with excessive moisture supported by subterranean waters have been included in the class Cala­magros­tietea langsdorffii Mirkin in Achtyamov et al. 1985. Diagnostic species are Anemonidium dichotomum, Calamagrostis langsdorffii, Caltha membran acea, Carex appendiculata, C. schmidtii, Filipendula pal­mata, Fimbripetalum radians, Galium davuricum, Iris laevigata. Lathyrus pilosus, Lysimachia davurica, Sanguisorba parviflora, Saussurea amurensis, Spiraea salicifolia, Stachys aspera, Nomenclature type of the class is the order Calamagrostietalia langsdorffii Achtyamov et al. 1985. Drought-tolerant xero-mesic meadows of zonal sites with fluctuating moisture regime supported by monsoon climate have been included in the class Arundinello anomalae—Agros­tie­tea trinii cl. nova hoc loco. Nomenclature type of the class is the order Artemisietalia mandshuricae Achtya­mov et al. 1985. Diagnostic species are: ­Aco­nogonon divaricatum, Adenophora pereskiifolia, A. ver­ticillata, Agrostis trinii, Artemisia desertorum, A. integrifolia, A. stenophylla, Arundinella anomala, Aster tataricus, Campanula cephalotes, Carex diplasio­carpa, Dianthus chinensis, Eupatorium lindleyanum, Galium verum, Gentiana scabra, Geranium vlassowia­num, Hemero­callis minor, Iris ensata, Lathyrus quin­quener­vius, Lupinaster pentaphyllus, Patrinia sca­biosi­folia, Poten­til­la fragarioides, Ptarmica acu­mi­nata, Ranunculus japonicus, Sedum aizoon, Serratula manshurica, Tha­lictrum amurense, Trommsdorfia cilia­ta, Vicia amoena, V. pseudorobus. The ranges of both classes are concen­trated in the Manchurian floristic province of Northern Asia, in regions with obvious Pacific and Sub-Pacific climatic regimes. Their western geographical limits run near the Yablonovy mountain ridge in the Eastern part of Baikal region. Westward, the Arundinello ano­malae—Agrostietea trinii and Calamagrostietea langs­dorffii are replaced by Euro­pean-Siberian meadows of the Molinio—Arrhe­na­theretea.

scholarly journals The higher units of pine forests of Russia in connection with the general concept of vegetation classification of Northern Eurasia

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (157) ◽  
pp. 94-113
Author(s):  
N. B. Ermakov
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Vegetation Classification ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Northern Eurasia ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Diagnostic Species ◽  
New Class ◽  
Hieracium Pilosella

A review of the classification of pine forests (dominated by two-needle pines of the subgenus Diploxylon) of Russia using the Braun-Blanquet approach was carried out. All diversity of pine forests was included in 9 higher units – vegetation classes, of which 3 classes represent typical communities dominated by pine species (Erico–Pinetea Horvat 1959, Koelerio glaucae–Pinetea sylvestris Ermakov class nova hoc loco, Junipero–Pinetea Rivas-Mart. 1965). In the remaining six classes (Vaccinio–Piceetea Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl.et al. 1939, Carpino–Fagetea Jakucs et Passarge 1968, Quercetea pubescentis Doing-Kraft ex Scamoni et Passarge 1959, Brachypodio–Betuletea Ermakov et al. 1991, Rhytidio–Laricetea Korotkov et Ermakov 1999 and Quercetea mongolicae Song ex Krestov et al. 2006), pine forests are represented as special higher categories (alliances, orders) along with other types of zonal and non-zonal forest vegetation. The characteristics of the main higher units (classes, orders and alliances) are presented, as well as their diagnostic features and problems of classification of some categories are discussed. As a result of the syntaxonomic revision, the name of the class Pyrolo–Pinetea sylvestris Korneck 1974 was rejected, since the alliance Cytiso–Pinion sylvestris Krausch 1962 (the only alliance of order Pulsatillo–Pinetalia Oberd. in Oberd. et al. 1967) was proposed in the original article as provisional (3b). It is proposed to include xerophilous psammophilous pine forests of Europe and Western Siberia into a new class Koelerio glaucae–Pinetea sylvestris class nova hoc loco. The nomenclature type of the class (holotypus) is the order Koelerio glaucae–Pinetalia sylvestris Ermakov 1999. Diagnostic species of the class are Festuca beckeri, Gypsophylla altissima, G. paniculata, Jurinea cyanoides, Koeleria glauca, Oxytropis campanulata, Potentilla humifusa, Veronica spicata, Silene baschkirorum, S. chlorantha, Stipa pennata subsp. sabuletorum, Helichrysum arenarium, Centaurea arenaria, C. marschalliana, Achillea gebleri, Genista tinctoria, Cytisus ruthenica, C. borystenica, Hieracium pilosella, Dianthus arenarius.

Review of species of the genus Cercyon of Russia and adjacent regions. VI. Subgenus Cercyon, the C.shinanensis group (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.K. Ryndevich ◽  
H. Hoshina ◽  
A.A. Prokin
Keyword(s):  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Palaearctic Species ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Kunashir Island ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
The Russian Far East

The Cercyon shinanensis species group with two included species is erected within the nominotypical subgenus of Cercyon Leach, 1817. This group is compared with other Palaearctic species groups of Cercyon s. str. The little-known C. shinanensis Nakane, 1965 from Japan (Honshu) is redescribed and its diagnostic features are given. Cercyon sundukovi sp. nov. is described from the Russian Far East (Kunashir Island).

A new cryptic species allied to Plestiodon japonicus (Peters, 1864) (Squamata: Scincidae) from eastern Japan, and diagnoses of the new species and two parapatric congeners based on morphology and DNA barcode

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3436 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAKU OKAMOTO ◽  
TSUTOMU HIKIDA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lizard Species ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
The Right

A new species of scincid lizard allied to Plestiodon japonicus (Peters, 1864) was described as P. finitimus sp. nov., fromthe eastern part of Honshu and Hokkaido, Japan. A previous DNA study reported the taxonomic status of the easternJapanese populations of Plestiodon as an undescribed species on the basis of their collective genetic distinctness from aparapatric congener P. japonicus sensu strict from the western part of mainland Japan. We present the diagnostic featuresof P. finitimus compared to P. japonicus and P. latiscutatus Hallowell, 1861, the other parapatric species occurring in theIzu Peninsula and Izu Islands of central Japan, on the basis of morphological characteristics and DNA barcode patterns.Both P. finitimus and P. japonicus have a small postnasal and large anterior loreal that contacts the supralabials. In contrast,the Izu Peninsular populations of P. latiscutatus, which had no known diagnostic features relative to the other two species,usually have a large postnasal and small anterior loreal, with the latter separated from the supralabials by the former, ormay otherwise lack a postnasal. In most populations of P. finitimus, the right and left prefrontals are usually isolated fromeach other, whereas they exhibit medial contact in most populations of P. japonicus. Although all the above characters arevariable both within and between populations, 60–90% of the specimens from each locality on mainland Japan werecorrectly identified using a combination of these characters. Based on these characters, the Russian Far East populationof Plestiodon was also identified as P. finitimus. The interspecific sequence differences in the standard DNA barcoderegion (a 658 base pair fragment of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene of mitochondrial DNA) were distinct, andeach of the three species was exclusively clustered in a neighbor-joining tree. The limited hybridization among the threespecies indicated by previous studies suggests that DNA barcodes could provide a reliable key for their correctidentification. The implications for the biogeography and speciation of the three parapatric lizard species are briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Current Distribution and Diagnostic Features of Two Potentially Invasive Asian Buprestid Species: Agrilus mali Matsumura and A. fleischeri Obenberger (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark G. Volkovitsh ◽  
Alexey V. Kovalev ◽  
Marina J. Orlova-Bienkowskaja
Keyword(s):  
Apple Tree ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Tien Shan ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The Russian Far East

Our goal is to analyze the known geographical ranges and diagnostic features of two potentially invasive Asian buprestid species: the quarantine apple tree pest, Agrilus mali Matsumura, and the poplar pest A. fleischeri Obenberger. Based on the examination of museum collections and literature sources, we compiled comprehensive databases of records of the exact collecting sites for both species and generated detailed maps of their ranges. There are 51 documented localities for A. mali in the Russian Far East and East Siberia, Mongolia, China, and the Korean peninsula, and there are 53 documented localities for A. fleischeri in the Far East and Siberia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China, and Japan. No evidence of the presence of A. mali in Japan was found. Outbreak sites of A. mali in Xinjiang in the 2000s most likely represent the newly forming invasion areas; their proximity to the wild apple stands in the Kazakh part of the Tien Shan is a direct threat to Kazakhstan and adjacent countries. Sites damaged by A. fleischeri in Liaoning are situated within its native range; the outbreaks were likely triggered by the switch from indigenous to introduced poplars. This situation is similar to the early stages of emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) invasion.

scholarly journals Evaluation of North Eurasian snow-off dates in the ECHAM5.4 atmospheric GCM

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 3671-3715 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Räisänen ◽  
A. Luomaranta ◽  
H. Järvinen ◽  
M. Takala ◽  
K. Jylhä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Albedo ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Microwave Radiometer ◽  
Far East ◽  
Surface Energy Budget ◽  
Northern Eurasia ◽  
Snow Melt ◽  
Canopy Layer ◽  
Melting Snow

Abstract. The timing of springtime end of snow melt (snow-off date) in Northern Eurasia in version 5.4 of the ECHAM5 atmospheric GCM is evaluated through comparison with a snow-off date dataset based on space-borne microwave radiometer measurements and with Russian snow course data. ECHAM5 reproduces well the observed gross geographical pattern of snow-off dates, with earliest snow-off (in March) in the Baltic region and latest snow-off (in June) in the Taymyr Peninsula and in northeastern parts of the Russian Far East. The primary biases are (1) a delayed snow-off in southeastern Siberia (associated with too low springtime temperature and too high surface albedo, in part due to insufficient shielding by canopy); and (2) an early bias in the western and northern parts of Northern Eurasia. Several sensitivity experiments were conducted, where biases in simulated atmospheric circulation were corrected through nudging and/or the treatment of surface albedo was modified. While this alleviated some of the model biases in snow-off dates, 2 m temperature and surface albedo, especially the early bias in snow-off in the western parts of the Northern Eurasia proved very robust and was actually larger in the nudged runs. A key issue underlying the snow-off biases in ECHAM5 is that snow melt occurs at too low temperatures. Very likely, this is related to the treatment of the surface energy budget. On one hand, the surface temperature Ts is not computed separately for the snow-covered and snow-free parts of the grid cells, which prevents Ts from rising above 0 °C before all snow has vanished. Consequently, too much (too little) of the surface net radiation is consumed in melting snow (heating the air). On the other hand, ECHAM5 does not include a canopy layer. Thus, while the albedo reduction due to canopy is accounted for, the shielding of snow on ground by the overlying canopy is not considered, which leaves too much solar radiation available for melting snow.

scholarly journals What the “Talking Jew’s Harp” is saying: Jew’s harp and personal song as the foundation of timbre-oriented musical systems

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Nikolsky ◽  
E. E. Alekseyev ◽  
I. E. Alekxeyev ◽  
V. E. Dyakonova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Pitch Contour ◽  
Northern Eurasia ◽  
Musical Tradition ◽  
Pitch Frequency ◽  
Musical Cultures ◽  
Personal Use ◽  
Musical Systems ◽  
Musical Sounds

This article is an attempt to further develop the theory of divergence of musical systems of east and west of Eurasia by defining characteristics of a special type of musical cognition prevalent in traditional musical cultures of the indige-nous population of Siberia and Russian Far East. Its underlying trait is orientation on timbre (spectral content of musical sound) rather than pitch (frequency relations between musical sounds). Accordingly, western Eurasian musical cultures are characterized by the evolution of frequency-based modes towards Western tonality – in contrast to the northeastern Eurasian cultures’ special “timbral modes” and “spectral textures.” Unlike “tonality” of frequency-based forms of music, timbral “tonal organization” relies on personal use of music. Most known forms of musicking in timbre-based musical cultures of northern Eurasia are based on making music “for oneself” or for close circle of relatives and friends. Collective music-making here is exceedingly rare. Timbre-based music most likely has vocal roots and originates in the institution of “personal song” – a system of personal identifica-tion by means of individualized patterns of changes in rhythm, timbre and pitch contour following the model of person-alization of the speaking voice. “Personal song” allows for recognizing a person similar to the way in which we recog-nize a person by his voice. The Jew’s harp musical tradition constitutes the instrumental counterpart to personalized singing. Evolution of tonal organization of jaw harp music, largely determined by its unique acoustic features, compris-es the backbone of the historic development of timbre-based music systems.

scholarly journals Juvenile growth of provenances and open pollinated families of four Russian larch species (Larix Mill.) in Swedish field tests

2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 165-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Karlman ◽  
A. Fries ◽  
O. Martinsson ◽  
J. Westin
Keyword(s):  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Early Evaluation ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Larch Species ◽  
The Family

Abstract Four Russian larch species; (Larix sukaczewii Dyl., L. sibirica Ledeb., L. gmelinii Rupr. and L. cajanderi Mayr.) were tested in combined provenance-progeny tests on three sites in Sweden. 29 provenances, two seed orchards and four seed stands-material were assessed for juvenile height growth and survival after five growing seasons in the field. Genetic parameters were also determined on the family level. The results show that provenances of L. sukaczewii originating from western Russia have the highest survival. Compared to the closely related L. sibirica, L. sukaczewii show better adaptation, a pattern that has also been observed in Finland and Iceland. Provenances of L. gmelinii from the Russian Far East demonstrate best juvenile height growth on all three sites. L. cajanderi from northern interior Siberia failed on all three sites. Both climatic and geographical variables showed strong correlation with survival and height. At this early evaluation it seems like provenances of L. sukaczewii can be transferred northward with satisfactory survival whereas southern transfer or transfer from strongly continental areas in Russia to the semi maritime climate in Sweden results in poor growth. CVA values suggested relatively high genetic variation in height for L. sukaczewii and L. sibirica. The heritabilities for height growth and survival were at this early evaluation generally low (h2 < 0.10) and often non-significant.

Anthostomella formosa. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Minter
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Taxus Baccata ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Juniperus Communis

Abstract A description is provided for Anthostomella formosa, which is known as a symptomless endobiont and infects trees that are weakened by other causes. Some information on its diagnostic features, biology and conservation status is given, along with details of its transmission, geographical distribution (USA (Oregon), Russia (Russian Far East), Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Sweden and Switzerland) and hosts (Abies alba, A. pectinata, A. procera; Juniperus communis (leaf), J. communis var. sibirica (leaf); Pinus contorta (leaf), P. nigra (leaf), P. nigra var. austriaca, P. nigra var. maritima (leaf), P. nigra var. nigra (leaf), P. sylvestris (leaf), Pinus sp. (leaf); and Taxus baccata (leaf, twig)).

scholarly journals Mining logistics systems: classification, identification, innovation

2020 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 03016
Author(s):  
Rudolf Leontiev ◽  
Alexey Barchukov ◽  
Maria Nemchaninova
Keyword(s):  
Regional Economy ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Technological Equipment ◽  
Optimal Management ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Logistics Systems ◽  
The Russian Far East

The article presents a classification of existing and prospective mining logistics systems in the economy of the Russian Far East, designed to determine the directions of innovative processes in the field of technical and technological equipment of transport infrastructure, ensuring the effective functioning of these systems. The most significant branches of the regional economy for the formation of innovative mining and logistics systems are identified. Statistical (geographical) and evaluative (socio-organizational) classification features and their categories (classes) are proposed to identify the most economically significant mining and logistics systems in the region and make optimal management decisions to update the technical and technological equipment of transport and warehouse infrastructure facilities serving these systems.

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