scholarly journals Design of Experiments Applied in Particulate Material of Urban Areas of High Vehicular Traffic

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 9578-9582
Author(s):  
Luz Vargas ◽  
Waldyr Fong ◽  
Irlena Ahumada ◽  
Jorge Posada ◽  
Ivan Orjuela ◽  
...  
2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2029-2035 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hallberg ◽  
G. Renman ◽  
L. Byman ◽  
G. Svenstam ◽  
M. Norling

The use of road tunnels in urban areas creates water pollution problems, since the tunnels must be frequently cleaned for traffic safety reasons. The washing generates extensive volumes of highly polluted water, for example, more than fivefold higher concentrations of suspended solids compared to highway runoff. The pollutants in the wash water have an affinity for particulate material, so sedimentation should be a viable treatment option. In this study, 12 in situ sedimentation trials were carried out on tunnel wash water, with and without addition of chemical flocculent. Initial suspended solids concentration ranged from 804 to 9,690 mg/L. With sedimentation times of less than 24 hours and use of a chemical flocculent, it was possible to reach low concentrations of suspended solids (<15 mg/L), PAH (<0.1 μg/L), As (<1.0 μg/L), Cd (<0.05 μg/L), Hg (<0.02 μg/L), Fe (<200 μg/L), Ni (<8 μg/L), Pb (<0.5 μg/L), Zn (<60 μg/L) and Cr (<8 μg/L). Acute Microtox® toxicity, mainly attributed to detergents used for the tunnel wash, decreased significantly at low suspended solids concentrations after sedimentation using a flocculent. The tunnel wash water did not inhibit nitrification. The treated water should be suitable for discharge into recipient waters or a wastewater treatment plant.


2020 ◽  
Vol 117 ◽  
pp. 106701
Author(s):  
Katiuska Alexandrino ◽  
Fausto Viteri ◽  
Yves Rybarczyk ◽  
Juan Ernesto Guevara Andino ◽  
Rasa Zalakeviciute

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.31) ◽  
pp. 245
Author(s):  
Tanuja Kayarga ◽  
H M. Navyashree

In the recent times due to the increase of vehicular nodes in a vehicular communication network, there is a need of developing efficient systems in order to optimize the vehicular traffic congestion issues in urban areas. The current research trends shows that most of the conventional studies focused on developing fuzzy inference systems based vehicular traffic congestion model which has gained lots of attention on detecting and minimizing the congestion levels.We have proposed a new approach towards detection and controlling of traffic congestion in VANET. The proposed system utilizes the communication channels very efficiently and irrespective of any kind of overload. This proposed system aims to introduce a novel framework for identifying traffic jam on Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks. In order to detect and minimize the level of congestion our approach will use a fuzzy logic based approach to notify the drivers about available routes during the traffic congestion. An experimental prototype will be set up to enable the graphical simulation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-592
Author(s):  
Manel Terraza ◽  
Ji Zhang ◽  
Zongzhi Li

The ever-increasing travel demand outpacing available transportation capacity especially in the U.S. urban areas has led to more severe traffic congestion and delays. This study proposes a methodology for intersection signal timing optimisation for an urban street network aimed to minimise intersection-related delays by dynamically adjusting green splits of signal timing plans designed for intersections in an urban street network in each hour of the day in response to varying traffic entering the intersections. Two options are considered in optimisation formulation, which are concerned with minimising vehicle delays per cycle, and minimising weighted vehicle and pedestrian delays per cycle calculated using the 2010 Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) method. The hourly vehicular traffic is derived by progressively executing a regional travel demand forecasting model that could handle interactions between signal timing plans and predicted vehicular traffic entering intersections, coupled with pedestrian crossing counts. A computational study is conducted for methodology application to the central business district (CBD) street network in Chicago, USA. Relative weights for calculating weighted vehicle and pedestrian delays, and intersection degrees of saturation are revealed to be significant factors affecting the effectiveness of network-wide signal timing optimisation. For the current study, delay reductions are maximised using a weighting split of 78/22 between vehicle and pedestrian delays.


2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Aceves-Fernandez ◽  
G. R. Jones ◽  
Y. R. Kolupula ◽  
T. Reichelt ◽  
J. W. Spencer ◽  
...  

Investigations are described into the use of a compact, portable unit, using polychromatic scattered light, for the preliminary monitoring airborne PM 2–10 particulates over widespread urban areas subjected to vehicular traffic. The monitoring unit has been used at a city centre bus terminus, at sites along an urban bus corridor and outside a local school adjacent to an air quality monitoring station. Holistic results are presented which demonstrate the use of the unit for the preliminary identification of locations and conditions with elevated levels of PM 2–10 particles which can be investigated in greater detail with particle-specific, high-precision instruments.


2022 ◽  
pp. 597-611
Author(s):  
Vilas K Patil ◽  
P.P. Nagarale

Recently in urban areas, road traffic noise is one of the primary sources of noise pollution. Variation in noise level is impacted by the synthesis of traffic and the percentage of heavy vehicles. Presentation to high noise levels may cause serious impact on the health of an individual or community residing near the roadside. Thus, predicting the vehicular traffic noise level is important. The present study aims at the formulation of regression, an artificial neural network (ANN) and an adaptive neuro-fuzzy interface system (ANFIS) model using the data of observed noise levels, traffic volume, and average speed of vehicles for the prediction of L10 and Leq. Measured noise levels are compared to the noise levels predicted by the experimental model. It is observed that the ANFIS approach is more superior when compared to output given by regression and an ANN model. Also, there exists a positive correlation between measured and predicted noise levels. The proposed ANFIS model can be utilized as a tool for traffic direction and planning of new roads in zones of similar land use pattern.


Chemosphere ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Caselli ◽  
Gianluigi de Gennaro ◽  
Annalisa Marzocca ◽  
Livia Trizio ◽  
Maria Tutino

Author(s):  
Vilas K Patil ◽  
P.P. Nagarale

Recently in urban areas, road traffic noise is one of the primary sources of noise pollution. Variation in noise level is impacted by the synthesis of traffic and the percentage of heavy vehicles. Presentation to high noise levels may cause serious impact on the health of an individual or community residing near the roadside. Thus, predicting the vehicular traffic noise level is important. The present study aims at the formulation of regression, an artificial neural network (ANN) and an adaptive neuro-fuzzy interface system (ANFIS) model using the data of observed noise levels, traffic volume, and average speed of vehicles for the prediction of L10 and Leq. Measured noise levels are compared to the noise levels predicted by the experimental model. It is observed that the ANFIS approach is more superior when compared to output given by regression and an ANN model. Also, there exists a positive correlation between measured and predicted noise levels. The proposed ANFIS model can be utilized as a tool for traffic direction and planning of new roads in zones of similar land use pattern.


Author(s):  
Dominique Martins Sala ◽  
Ricardo Vicente de Paula Rezende ◽  
Sandro Rogério Lautenschlager

Abstract Biosand filters (BSFs) are widely used in rural and urban areas where access to drinking water is limited or non-existent. This study applies computational fluid dynamics in the assessment of hydrodynamic characteristics considering changes in the design of two BSF models to make construction options available to communities, without losing hydrodynamic efficiency. The commercial code ANSYS-CFX 20.1 together with a central composite design of experiments methodology to simulate the flow was used under different combinations of porosities, permeabilities, pipe diameters, and filter diameters and heights. These parameters were combined statistically from Statistica 13.3. Our results have shown that combining greater filter depths with smaller pipe diameters has played a key role in the BSF best performance, and the CAWST V10 model has performed better than HydrAid, with lower velocities and longer hydraulic retention times.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document