Investigation of Bacterial Gastroenteritis Agents in Patients Who Admitted to Pediatric Clinic with Diarrhea

A 33-month old female child presented at a pediatric clinic with acute tonsillitis, and it was subsequently discovered that she had familial hyperlipidemia. Measurement of the patient’s whole blood tests was performed by a multiparameter automated hematology analyzer, the CELLDYN Ruby System® (Abbott, Lake Forest, USA) using venous blood extracted from a tube containing 3.0 mL of EDTA. Although her hematocrit levels were within normal limits, the hemoglobin (Hgb) level, mean corpuscular volume (MCH) and mean corpuscular Hgb concentration (MCHC) could not be determined using the spectrophotometric method. The results of these tests could not be measured when repeated using dilution. When the sample was left to rest for several minutes, it was observed to be excessively lipemic. The measurements were repeated using the Alinity HQ Analyzer® (Abbott), which determines Hgb concentration using laser scatter and spectrophotometry. Hgb cellular concentration was incorrectly measured as being 21.9 mg/dL using routine spectrophotometry (denoted by a flag indicating Hgb interference) and correctly found to be 10.8 mg/dL. Thus, in samples of excessive lipemia, Hgb, MCH, and MCHC levels cannot be measured accurately using spectrophotometry. Hematology analyzers that can measure cellular hemoglobin (cHGB) and average erythrocyte hemoglobin concentration (cHCM) by laser scatter method may be recommended when analyzing a blood sample that contains excessive lipemia.

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A novel high-content screening approach for the elucidation of C. jejuni biofilm composition and integrity

BMC Microbiology ◽

10.1186/s12866-020-02062-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Matthew V. X. Whelan ◽

Jeremy C. Simpson ◽

Tadhg Ó Cróinín

Keyword(s):

Atmospheric Oxygen ◽

Chicken Meat ◽

Live Cells ◽

High Throughput Analysis ◽

Aerobic Conditions ◽

Poultry Products ◽

Source Of Infection ◽

Fluorescent Markers ◽

Oxygen Conditions ◽

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Abstract Background Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide and the main source of infection is contaminated chicken meat. Although this important human pathogen is an obligate microaerophile, it must survive atmospheric oxygen conditions to allow transmission from contaminated chicken meat to humans. It is becoming increasingly evident that formation of biofilm plays a key role in the survival of this organism for extended periods on poultry products. We have recently demonstrated a novel inducible model for the study of adherent C. jejuni biofilm formation under aerobic conditions. By taking advantage of supercoiling mediated gene regulation, incubation of C. jejuni with subinhibitory concentrations of the Gyrase B inhibitor novobiocin was shown to promote the consistent formation of metabolically active adherent biofilm. Results In this study, we implement this model in conjunction with the fluorescent markers: TAMRA (live cells) and SytoX (dead cells, eDNA) to develop a novel systematic high-content imaging approach and describe how it can be implemented to gain quantifiable information about the integrity and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) composition of adherent C. jejuni biofilm in aerobic conditions. We show that this produces a model with a consistent, homogenous biofilm that can be induced and used to screen a range of inhibitors of biofilm adherence and matrix formation. Conclusions This model allows for the first time a high throughput analysis of C. jejuni biofilms which will be invaluable in enabling researchers to develop mechanisms to disrupt these biofilms and reduce the viability of these bacteria under aerobic conditions.

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Determination of Ethnic Variation in Infant Nasolabial Anthropometry Using 3D Photographs: Implications for Bilateral Cleft Lip Nasal Correction

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal ◽

10.1177/10556656211024470 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 105566562110244

Author(s):

Diana S. Jodeh ◽

Jacqueline M. Ross ◽

Maria Leszczynska ◽

Fatima Qamar ◽

Rachel L. Dawkins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

African American ◽

Interrater Reliability ◽

Cleft Lip ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

3D Analysis ◽

Pediatric Clinic ◽

Bilateral Cleft Lip ◽

Post Hoc

Objective: We aimed to assess significant ethnic variabilities in infants’ nasolabial anthropometry to motivate variations in surgical correction of a synchronous bilateral cleft lip/nasal anomaly, specifically whether a long columella is a European feature, therefore accepting a short columella and/or delayed columellar lengthening suitable for reconstruction in ethnic patients. Methods: Thirty-three infants without craniofacial pathology (10 African American [AA], 7 Hispanic [H], and 16 of European descent [C]), ages 3 to 8 months, presenting to the Johns Hopkins All Children’s general pediatric clinic were recruited. Four separate 3D photographs (2 submental and frontal views each) were taken using the Vectra H1 handheld camera (Canfield Imaging). Eighteen linear facial distances were measured using Mirror 3D analysis (Canfield Imaging Systems). Difference between ethnicities was measured using analysis of variance with the Bonferroni/Dunn post hoc comparisons. Pearson correlation was employed for interrater reliability. All statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS version 21.0 (IBM Corp), with statistical significance set at P < .05. Results: Nasal projection (sn-prn) and columella length (sn-c) did not differ significantly between groups ( P = .9). Significant differences were seen between ethnic groups in nasal width (sbal-sbal [C-AA; P = .02]; ac-ac [C-AA; P = .00; H-AA; P = .04]; al-al [C-AA; P = .00; H-AA; P = .001]) and labial length (sn-ls [C-AA; P = .041]; sn-sto [C-AA; P = .005]; Cphs-Cphi L [C-AA; P = .013]; Cphs-Cphi R [C-AA; P = .015]). Interrater reliability was good to excellent and significantly correlated for all measures. Conclusions: African American infants exhibited wider noses and longer lips. No difference was noted in nasal projection or columella length, indicating that these structures should be corrected during the primary cleft lip and nasal repair for all patients and should not be deferred to secondary correction.

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CTLA-4 (+49A/G) Polymorphism in Type 1 Diabetes Children of Sudanese Population

Global Medical Genetics ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1723008 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 08 (01) ◽

pp. 011-018

Author(s):

Khalid E. Khalid Kheiralla

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

T Cell ◽

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽

Negative Regulator ◽

Cytotoxic Lymphocyte ◽

Pediatric Clinic ◽

Homozygous Genotype ◽

Organ Specific ◽

Α Helix

Abstract Background Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an organ-specific T cell-mediated autoimmune disease, characterized by destruction of pancreatic islets. Cytotoxic lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) is a negative regulator of T cell proliferation, thus conferring susceptibility to autoimmunity. Aims This study aimed to investigate the association of CTLA-4 +49A/G (rs231775) polymorphism with a risk of T1DM in Sudanese children. Methods This a case–control study included 100 children with T1DM, referred to the pediatric clinic at referral pediatric teaching hospital in Gezira State-Sudan. Hundred unrelated healthy controls were recruited from departments in the same hospital. Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted from Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA)-preserved blood using QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit (QIAamp Blood) (QIAGEN; Valencia, CA). The polymerase chain reaction PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and sequencing were applied for the CTLA-4 (+49A/G) genotyping. The changes accompanied the polymorphism were evaluated using relevant bioinformatics tools. Results The genotype and allele frequencies of the CTLA-4 (+49A/G) polymorphism were significantly different between the patients and controls (p = 0.00013 and 0.0002, respectively). In particular, the frequency of the G allele, GG homozygous genotype, and AG heterozygous genotype were significantly increased in patients than in controls ([28% versus 7%, odds ratio (OR) = 5.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.77–9.65, p = 0.00] [12% versus 2%, OR = 6.68, CI = 1.46–30.69, p = 0.01] [32% versus 10%, OR = 4.24, CI = 1.95–9.21, p = 0.00], respectively). The presence of the G allele (homozygous) showed an influence on the signal peptide polarity, hydrophobicity, and α-helix propensity of the CTLA-protein. Conclusion The results further support the association of CTLA-4 (+49A/G) polymorphism and the risk of T1DM in our study population.

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Initiating Hybrid Closed Loop: A Program Evaluation of an Educator‐Led Control‐IQ Follow‐up at a Large Pediatric Clinic

Pediatric Diabetes ◽

10.1111/pedi.13183 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Laurel H. Messer ◽

Cari Berget ◽

Ashlee Ernst ◽

Lindsey Towers ◽

Robert H. Slover ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Program Evaluation ◽

Closed Loop ◽

Pediatric Clinic

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Support to responsive parenting through communication tools

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.980 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

S Jankovic ◽

D Matijevic ◽

A Grujicic ◽

M Markovic ◽

N Stefanovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Child Care ◽

Child Health ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Active Listening ◽

Food Treatment ◽

Social And Emotional ◽

Pediatric Clinic ◽

Health Care Availability ◽

Gastrointestinal Problems ◽

Mother And Child

Abstract Issue Counselling unit for positive parenting “Halobeba” has been established at Institute of Public Health of Belgrade with support of UNICEF in order to enable continuum of mother and child health care. Availability of information on child care and development was noticed as significant factor for parental confidence and practice. Description of the problem Trained nurses provide responses to parental questions through 24/7 phone and e mail communication to assist in problem solving and offer emotional support. Nurses are skilled in active listening, proper questioning, counselling and effective encouragement. Free mob app on breastfeeding was developed as knowledge base for parents. New interactive mob app was recently launched as parenting tool for child health and development monitoring. Results Since 2002, more than 1,700,000 responses were provided through phone communication and over 20,000 via email and number of beneficiaries has increased over the years. Most common topics were about breastfeeding, introducing solid food, treatment of fever and respiratory infections, gastrointestinal problems, injuries, immunization, and developmental milestones. Less than 15% of cases were referred to pediatric clinic. Level of parental overall satisfaction was very high and availability and effectiveness of service were especially valued as well as nurses communication skills. Lessons Family centered service that corresponds to caregivers needs is effective approach to support nurturing care for young children. Personalized M-health tools make child care more accessible and build capacities of caregivers. Key messages Sending consistent and trusted messages through different communication channels contribute to enhancing users' knowledge and skills. Knowledgeable and responsive caregivers properly interpret child’s needs, respond appropriately, facilitate the child’s social and emotional development, and provide proper care.

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Bacterial gastroenteritis

Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.mpmed.2009.08.006 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 37 (11) ◽

pp. 586-593 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

C. Nic Fhogartaigh ◽

J.D. Edgeworth

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

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