scholarly journals How Does Medical Expenditure Affect Economic Development? Evidence from OECD Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (No. 1 Apr 2019) ◽  
pp. 39-50
Author(s):  
Do Yeon Kim ◽  
Hong Joo Jung ◽  
Bo Hyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
National Health ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Private Health Insurance ◽  
Medical Expenditure ◽  
National Healthcare ◽  
Current Health ◽  
National Healthcare System ◽  
Positive Effect

This study views medical expenditure as an enhancement factor to human capital and, as such, medical expenditure and national healthcare system can have a positive impact on economic development. Using a non-balanced panel data of 26 OECD countries during the period of 1980 and 2008, we find that, as expected, the level of medical expenditure has a positive effect on economic development. In particular, total medical expenditure, public health expenditure and current health expenditure all show a positive effect while cost of capital for forming health care system has a negative impact on economic growth. No statistically significant effect of private health insurance expenditure is found. The effect of national healthcare system is also examined. Both National Health Service and National Health Insurance groups indicate a positive effect on economic progress with respect to total medical expenditure and public health expenditure. On the other hand, current health expenditure and private health insurance expenditure positively affect the National Health Insurance countries but negatively affect the National Health Service countries.

Medical expenditure for diabetic patients: A 10-year follow-up study of National Health Insurance in Shiga, Japan

Public Health ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 122 (11) ◽  
pp. 1226-1228 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Nakamura ◽  
T. Okamura ◽  
H. Kanda ◽  
T. Hayakawa ◽  
Y. Murakami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
National Health Insurance ◽  
National Health ◽  
Medical Expenditure ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Follow Up Study

scholarly journals A Study on Medical Welfare in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Viet Hoang ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Health Services ◽  
General Public ◽  
Medical Assistance ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Welfare Policies ◽  
National Healthcare ◽  
National Healthcare System

Medical welfare are services provided to people with little or no fee, for the sake of a standardised health care for the general public. There are many methods are being implemented to achieve the goal of health welfare in Vietnam. These methods are being adopted simultaneously, including: (i) Investing in input resources to reduce costs; (ii) Incorporating public health services that are not provided by the private sector; (iii) providing support with health insurance and medical assistance. Healthcare welfare policies have exerted their effects on developing the national healthcare system. But, which require new modification and rectification for the sake of remarkable achievements in the future.

scholarly journals Medical Expenditure of National Health Insurance Attributable to Smoking among the Korean Population

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Yi Lee ◽  
Sun Ha Jee ◽  
Ji Eun Yun ◽  
Su-Young Kim ◽  
Jakyung Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
National Health Insurance ◽  
National Health ◽  
Medical Expenditure ◽  
Korean Population

scholarly journals Financial Burden and Health-seeking Behaviors Related to Chronic Diseases Under the National Health Insurance Scheme in Bolikhamxay Province, Lao PDR: A Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
TOMOO ITO ◽  
Sengchanh Kounnavong ◽  
Chiaki Miyoshi
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
National Health Insurance ◽  
National Health ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Chronic Patients ◽  
National Health Insurance System ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract BackgroundFinancial protection is a key dimension of universal health coverage. In 2016, Lao PDR implemented a National Health Insurance system covering the entire population of certain provinces. This cross-sectional study investigated the health-seeking behavior and financial burden of households, including those with chronic patients, post coverage. MethodThe study was conducted in Bolikhamxay province from January 15 to February 13, 2019. In total, 487 households, selected via stratified random sampling, were surveyed, and questionnaire-based interviews were conducted. Health care service utilization and financial burden were examined.ResultsA total of 370 households had at least one member with some type of self-reported health problem within the last 3 months prior to the interview, while 170 had at least one member with a chronic condition. More than 75% of the households accessed a health facility when a member experienced health problems. The prevalence of catastrophic health expenditure (health expenditure/income between 20% and 40%) was 25.1% (threshold of 20%) and 16.2% (threshold of 40%). Through logistic regression, we found that the major factors determining financial catastrophes owing to health problems were household members with chronic illness, hospitalization, household poverty status, family size (both 20% and 40% thresholds), visiting a private facility (20% threshold), and distance from the province to the referral hospital (40% threshold).ConclusionsThe National Health Insurance system has positively impacted households’ access to health facilities. However, catastrophic health expenditure remains high, especially among chronic patients. Facilities under the National Health Insurance should be strengthened to provide more services, including care for chronic conditions.

scholarly journals Minimizing the Risk of Catastrophic Health Expenditure in China: A Multi-Dimensional Analysis of Vulnerable Groups

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiahui Wang ◽  
Xiao Tan ◽  
Xinye Qi ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Huan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Catastrophic Health Expenditure ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Medical Expenditure ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Low Socioeconomic

Background: In moving toward universal health coverage in China, it is crucial to identify which populations should be prioritized for which interventions rather than blindly increasing welfare packages or capital investments. We identify the characteristics of vulnerable groups from multiple perspectives through estimating catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) and recommend intervention priorities.Methods: Data were from National Health Service Survey conducted in 2003, 2008, and 2013. According to the recommendation of WHO, this study adopted 40% as the CHE threshold. A binary regression was used to identify the determinants of CHE occurrence; a probit model was used to obtain CHE standardized incidence under the characteristics of single and two dimensions in 2013.Results: The total incidence of CHE in 2013 was 13.9%, which shows a general trend of growth from 2003 to 2013. Families in western and central regions and rural areas were more at risk. Factors related to social demography show that households with a female or an unmarried head of household or with a low socioeconomic status were more likely to experience CHE. Households with older adults aged 60 and above had 1,524 times higher likelihood of experiencing CHE. Among the health insurance schemes, the participants covered by the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme had the highest risk compared with the participants of all basic health insurance schemes. Households with several members seeking outpatient, inpatient care or with non-communicable diseases were more likely to experience CHE. Households with members not seeing a doctor or hospitalized despite the need for it were more likely to experience CHE. Characteristics such as a household head with characteristics related to low socioeconomic status, having more than two hospitalized family members, ranked high. Meanwhile, the combination of having illiterate household heads and with being covered by other health insurance plans or by none ranked the first place. Cancer notably caused a relatively high medical expenditure among households with CHE.Conclusion: In China, considering the vulnerability of the population across different dimensions is conducive to the alleviation of high CHE. Furthermore, people with multiple vulnerabilities should be prioritized for intervention. Identifying and targeting them to offer help and support will be an effective approach.

scholarly journals Private Health Insurance and Hospitalization Under Japanese National Health Insurance

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Tetsuji Yamada ◽  
Chia-Ching Chen ◽  
Tadashi Yamada ◽  
Haruko Noguchi ◽  
Matthew Miller
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
National Health Insurance ◽  
National Health ◽  
Private Health Insurance

scholarly journals Financial Burden and Health-seeking Behaviors Related to Chronic Diseases Under the National Health Insurance Scheme in Bolikhamxay Province, Lao PDR: a Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoo Ito ◽  
Chiaki Miyoshi ◽  
Sengchanh Kounnavong
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
National Health Insurance ◽  
National Health ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Chronic Patients ◽  
National Health Insurance System ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: Financial protection is a key dimension of universal health coverage. In 2016, Lao PDR implemented the National Health Insurance system covering the entire population of certain provinces. This cross-sectional study investigated households’ health-seeking behavior and their financial burden with chronic patients, post coverage. Method: The study was conducted in Bolikhamxay province from January 15 to February 13, 2019. In total, 487 households, selected via stratified random sampling, were surveyed, and questionnaire-based interviews conducted. Health care service utilization and financial burden were examined.Results: Totally, 370 households had at least one member with some type of self-reported health problem within the last 3 months prior to the interview, while 170 had at least one member with a chronic condition. More than 75% of the households accessed a health facility when a member experienced health problems. We observed that the prevalence of catastrophic health expenditure (health expenditure/income between 20% and 40%) was 25.1% (threshold of 20%) and 16.2% (threshold of 40%). Through logistic regression, we found that the major factors determining financial catastrophes owing to health problems were household members with chronic illness, hospitalization, household poverty status, family size (both 20% and 40% thresholds), visiting a private facility (20% threshold), and distance from provincial top referral hospital (40% threshold).Conclusions: The National Health Insurance system has positively impacted households’ access to health facilities. However, catastrophic health expenditure remains high, especially among chronic patients. Facilities under National Health Insurance should be strengthened to provide more services, including care for chronic conditions.

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