scholarly journals Harnessing Acremonium zonatum (Sawada) Gams oil formulations as water hyacinth control mycoherbicides.

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-84
Author(s):  
Chrispo Mutebi ◽  
George Opande
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Botanic Garden ◽  
Experiment Data ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Oil Formulation

The effect of formulating Acremonium zonatum (Saw.) Gams in corn oil, mineral oil and glycerol was determined in a glasshouse at Maseno University Botanic Garden and laboratory. The study was situated at latitude -100’ 00’’ S and longitude 340 36’ 00’’E. A. zonatum was aseptically isolated from symptomatic plants and inoculated upon healthy water hyacinth plants in a CRD experiment.  Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20 computer software. Oil and spore density effects were statistically significant at p < 0.05. The main effect of oil yielded an effect size of 0.281 indicating that 28.1 % of the variance in disease severity was explained by the oil formulation (F(2, 28) = 5.459, p = 0.01). Spore density yielded an effect size of 0.326 indicating that 32.6% of the variance in the study was explained by spore density (F(3, 28) = 4.515, p = 0.011). The interaction effect was not significant (F(6, 28) = 0.199, p = 0.974) indicating that there was no combined effect for the kind of oil used in the formulation of the A. zonatum and the spore density. The results suggested that A. zonatum pathogenicity varies with different spore concentrations, 1x 108 spores/ml being the most potent. A. zonatum has favorable characteristics for consideration as a mycoherbicide. Corn oil as formulation material was concluded to be the best formulation material for A. zonatum.

scholarly journals Effect of Cercospora piaropi Tharp and Myrothecium roridum Tode Fries Formulated as Corn Oil Emulsion on Water Hyacinth Shoot Growth under Greenhouse Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
Chrispo Mutebi ◽  
David M. Musyimi ◽  
George T. Opande
Keyword(s):  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Cercospora Piaropi ◽  
Myrothecium Roridum

A study was done to find out the comparative effect of Cercospora piaropi Tharp and Myrothecium roridum Tode Fries formulated as corn oil emulsion on water hyacinth shoot growth and biomass under greenhouse conditions. The study site was located in Kibos at latitude 0037’S and longitude 37020’E with average temperature of 25 to 300C and 22 to 270C during the day and night respectively, and 60 to 69% relative humidity. Healthy water hyacinth plants were inoculated with the pathogens formulated in corn oil at 1x109, 1x108, 1x107, 1x106 and 1x105spores/ml.  The control plants were not inoculated. The experiment was set up in completely randomized design (CRD) with each treatment replicated three times. At weeks 2, 4, and 6 after inoculation, the average shoot length and biomass for the treated basins were separately compared to the average shoot length and biomass of the control plants. Increase in spore density for both pathogens significantly increased relative shoot length and relative biomass.  Relative shoot length was 55.07 and 51.93 for C. piaropi and M. roridum respectively at 1x109 spores/ml while relative biomass was 73.53 for C. piaropi and 37.60 at 1x109 spores/ml. Inoculation suppressed shoot elongation and biomass with 1x109 spores/ml being most effective. Cercospora piaropi formulated in corn oil lowered shoot length and biomass of water hyacinth more than M. roridum did.

Corn oil and mineral oil stimulate sham feeding in rats

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mindell ◽  
G.P. Smith ◽  
D. Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
Corn Oil ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Sham Feeding

Gastric preloads of corn oil and mineral oil produce different patterns of increases of c-Fos-like immunoreacitve cells in the brain of 9–12 day-old rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 1134 ◽  
pp. 140-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Blumberg ◽  
Mariana Schroeder ◽  
Oz Malkesman ◽  
Ann Marie Torregrossa ◽  
Gerard P. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corn Oil ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals The effect of warfarin on plasma clotting time in wild house mice (Mus Musculus L.)

1968 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. P. Rowe ◽  
R. Redfern
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
House Mice ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Wild House Mice ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Prolonged Feeding

SUMMARYThe coagulability of the plasma of blood taken from the retro-orbital sinus of untreated and warfarin-treated wild house mice (Mus musculus L.) was determined. Individual differences were observed in the resting clotting times of animals drawn from three different sources, so-called ‘normal’ (N) mice, home-bred warfarin resistant (HBR) mice and field-caught suspected warfarin resistant (FR) mice. Mice from the three sources also showed wide individual variation in response to injected doses of 1, 5 and 50 mg. of warfarin/kg, body weight. The overall response shown by HBR and FR mice, particularly females, was less than that shown by N animals. Some FR females failed to respond to a dose of 100 mg. of warfarin/kg, body weight.Normal mice showed a similar response to two identical doses of warfarin (1, 5 or 50 mg./kg. body weight) given at an interval of 3 weeks. They developed a tolerance to repeated daily injected doses of 1 mg. of warfarin/kg, body weight but not to the higher doses (5 and 50 mg./kg.) to which some HBR animals became tolerant.In comparative 21-day feeding tests with 0·025% warfarin in medium oatmeal, the mortality in N, HBR and FR mice was 100% (27), 64·5% (40/62) and 22·7% (10/44) respectively. Whereas the plasma of all N mice was rendered uncoagulable after 3 days and the animals died within 12 days, the clotting times of the surviving HBR and FR mice (24/59 males and 32/47 females) either were not at any stage appreciably increased or had declined to near normal values by the end of the test period.In similar tests with 0·025% warfarin in oatmeal bait containing 5% mineral oil, it was found that the clotting ability of the plasma of N, HBR and FR mice was impaired earlier and that mortality in HBR and FR animals was significantly higher (62/67, 92·5% and 7/8, 87·5% respectively).Three of seven HBR mice died after prolonged feeding on various warfarin baits but only after 186, 197 and 209 days respectively. The inclusion of mineral oil in bait containing 0-0·25% warfarin was more effective in decreasing the coagulability of the blood of these mice than either increasing the concentration of warfarin (to 0·1 and 0·2%) or including sulphaquinoxaline or corn oil.Studies on mice given warfarin by injection and in feed indicated that in females the level of resistance to warfarin may be assessed on the basis of their response to a single injected dose of warfarin.

scholarly journals Food preferences of wild house-mice (Mus musculus L.)

1974 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. P. Rowe ◽  
A. Bradfield ◽  
R. Redfern
Keyword(s):  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
House Mice ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Choice Tests ◽  
Wild House Mice ◽  
Phalaris Canariensis

SummaryThe relative acceptance of various plain foods by wild house-mice (Mus musculus L.) was compared in laboratory choice tests. The palatability of glycerine and six oils, each included at 5% in pinhead oatmeal, was compared in a similar manner.The most favoured food was found to be whole canary seed (Phalaris canariensis). Pinhead oatmeal and wheat were also comparatively well accepted. Glycerine, corn oil, arachis oil and mineral oil were more palatable than either olive, linseed or cod-liver oils.The results of the choice tests are considered in relation to the use of poison baits for the control of free-living mice.

scholarly journals Chronic Oral Administration of Mineral Oil Compared With Corn Oil: Effects on Gut Permeability and Plasma Inflammatory and Lipid Biomarkers

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsbet J. Pieterman ◽  
Hans M. G. Princen ◽  
Annica Jarke ◽  
Ralf Nilsson ◽  
Anders Cavallin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Intestinal Permeability ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Lipopolysaccharide Binding Protein ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Cholesterol Excretion ◽  
Fecal Cholesterol

We investigated the effects of chronic oral administration of mineral oil, versus corn oil as control, on intestinal permeability, inflammatory markers, and plasma lipids in APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice. Mice received mineral oil or corn oil 15 or 30 μL/mouse/day for 16 weeks (15 mice/group). Intestinal permeability was increased with mineral versus corn oil 30 µL/day, shown by increased mean plasma FITC-dextran concentrations 2 h post-administration (11 weeks: 1.5 versus 1.1 μg/ml, p = 0.02; 15 weeks: 1.7 versus 1.3 μg/ml, p = 0.08). Mean plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein levels were raised with mineral versus corn oil 30 µL/day (12 weeks: 5.8 versus 4.4 μg/ml, p = 0.03; 16 weeks: 5.8 versus 4.5 μg/ml, p = 0.09), indicating increased intestinal bacterial endotoxin absorption and potential pro-inflammatory effects. Plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were decreased with mineral oil, without affecting liver lipids among treated groups. Fecal neutral sterol measurements indicated increased fecal cholesterol excretion with mineral oil 30 µL/day (+16%; p = 0.04). Chronic oral administration of mineral oil in APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice increased intestinal permeability, with potential pro-inflammatory effects, and decreased plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Our findings may raise concerns about the use of mineral oil as a placebo in clinical studies.

scholarly journals Measurement Stand, Method and Results of Composite Electrotechnical Pressboard-Mineral Oil Electrical Measurements

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Rogalski
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Supply Voltage ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Alternating Current ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Transformer Oil ◽  
Temperature Stabilization ◽  
Electrical Measurements ◽  
Depolarization Current ◽  
Electrotechnical Pressboard

The paper presents a measuring stand designed and built for testing direct and alternating current properties of power transformers basic insulation component i.e. electrotechnical pressboard impregnated with transformer oil. Measurements of direct and alternating current parameters are performed using the frequency domain spectroscopy and polarization depolarization current methods.The measuring station includes a specially developed climatic chamber which is characterized by high accuracy of temperature stabilization and maintenance during several dozen hours of measurements. The uncertainty of temperature maintaining during several dozen hours of measurements does not exceed ± 0.01 °C. The computer software developed to control the station allows for remote measurements, changes in supply voltage and temperature settings and acquisition of the obtained results. A new type of measuring capacitor was developed and manufactured, the structure of which significantly reduces the chance of samples contamination during measurements. By increasing the accuracy of temperature stabilization during measurements, the resolution of measurement temperatures was increased, at which it is possible to perform measurements with the frequency domain spectroscopy and polarization depolarization current methods. This allowed to reduce the step of measurement temperature change and thus to increase the accuracy of determining the activation energy of the measured parameters.The article also contains basic information on the analysis of the direct and alternating current electrical parameters of the composite electrotechnical pressboard-mineral oil-water nanoparticles. The results of several direct and alternating current parameters measurements of a transformer oil impregnated pressboard sample with a moisture content of (5.2 ± 0.1) % by weight obtained by the use of a measuring stand are presented as examples. 

scholarly journals Interpretation of Subgroup Effects in Published Trials

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 852-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Hancock ◽  
Per Kjaer ◽  
Lars Korsholm ◽  
Peter Kent
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Individual Patient Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Therapy Interventions ◽  
Size Interaction ◽  
Subgroup Effects ◽  
Modifier Effect

With the rapidly expanding number of studies reporting on treatment subgroups come new challenges in analyzing and interpreting this sometimes complex area of the literature. This article discusses 3 important issues regarding the analysis and interpretation of existing trials or systematic reviews that report on treatment effect modifiers (subgroups) for specific physical therapy interventions. The key messages are: (1) point estimates of treatment modifier effect size (interaction effect) and their confidence intervals can be calculated using group-level data when individual patient-level data are not available; (2) interaction effects do not define the total effect size of the intervention in the subgroup but rather how much more effective it is in the subgroup than in those not in the subgroup; (3) recommendations regarding the use of an intervention in a subgroup need to consider the size and direction of the main effect and the interaction effect; and (4) rather than simply judging whether a treatment modifier effect is clinically important based only on the interaction effect size, a better criterion is to determine whether the combined effect of the interaction effect and main effect makes the difference between an overall effect that is clinically important and one that is not clinically important.

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