EFEKTIFITAS RHIZOCTONIA MIKORIZA DALAM MENGINDUKSI KETAHANAN ANGGREK PHALAENOPSIS AMABILIS TERHADAP FUSARIUM SP.

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Soelistijono
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Resistance Induction ◽  
Fusarium Sp

This study examines the effectiveness of mycorrhizal Rhizoctonia resistance induction in Phalaenopsis amabilis against Fusarium sp. Fusarium solani is known as pathogens that attack many orchids P. amabilis (Chung et al., 2011) compared to other pathogenic fungi. Attack of Fusarium sp. will cause rot and yellow colored leaves. Until now there has been known as a biological control orchid against Fusarium sp. In this study tested the endurance locations in Sleman and Surakarta to see the effectiveness of a good orchid growth induced by Rhizoctonia mycorrhizal or not to attack by Fusarium sp. The results of the study showed that mycorrhizal Rhizoctonia able to inhibit the attack of Fusarium sp. It is shown by the value of the index of disease resistance  (DSI) in P. amabilis orchid mycorrhizal Rhizoctonia induced lower than that not induced. Mycorrhizal Rhizoctonia induction results in Sleman provide a more real than mycorrhizal Rhizoctonia induction in Surakarta.

scholarly journals The Potensial of Fusarium sp. and Chaetomium sp. as Biological Control Agents of Five Broad-Leaf Weeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
Loekas Soesanto ◽  
Endang Mugiastuti ◽  
Abdul Manan
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Wedelia Trilobata ◽  
Broad Leaf ◽  
The Media ◽  
Fusarium Sp

Weeds are a major problem in crop cultivation, either in food crops, horticulture, plantations or forests and cause a decrease in the quality and quantity of production. Weed biocontrol, especially by using plant pathogenic fungi, has received attention but is still lacking in application. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of <em>Fusarium</em> sp. and <em>Chaetomium</em> sp. as biological control agents against five broad-leaf weeds (<em>Asystasia gangetica</em> L., <em>Ageratum conyzoides</em> L., <em>Synendrella nodiflora</em> (L.) Gaertn., <em>Wedelia trilobata</em> (L.) U.S. Hitchc. and <em>Amaranthus spinosus</em> L.). The variables observed were the incubation period, disease incidence, disease intensity, as well as weed fresh and dry weight. The results of this study showed that the two pathogenic fungi, <em>Fusarium</em> sp. and <em>Chaetomium</em> sp., can cause a more intensive disease in <em>A. conizoides</em> than <em>A. spinosus</em>. <em>A. gangetica</em>, <em>S. nodiflora</em> and <em>W. trilobata</em>; however, the fungi have not been able to inhibit the growth and kill the weeds. Therefore, improvement need to be done by modifying the media to increase the ability of fungi to control weeds.

scholarly journals Are Trichoderma atroviride and Trichoderma harzianum Effective to Control Fusarium Associated With Tomato Wilt?

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Wilfridus Adyatma Putranto ◽  
Rully Adi Nugroho ◽  
Petrus Sunu Hardiyanta ◽  
Desti Christian Cahyaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Atroviride ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Tomato Wilt

The pathogenic fungi, such as Fusarium in the rhizosphere of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) negatively affects the yield and quality of the plant. A number of biological control agents have been used for protecting tomato plants against wilt diseases including various fungal species. The objective of this study was to evaluate  the antagonism effects of Trichoderma atroviride and T. harzianum against the pathogen Fusarium sp. associated with tomato wilt. In this study, the antagonism of these Trichoderma spp. against the Fusarium sp. was tested in vitro by the dual culture technique, and the percentage inhibition of radial growth (PIRG) and the antagonism reaction (scale 1-5) were evaluated. The results showed that T. atroviride and T. harzianum led to 70.8% PIRG and scale 1 antagonism reaction, and  40.6% PIRG and scale 3 antagonism reaction against Fusarium sp. associated with tomato wilt after 7 days of incubation, respectively. These results indicate that application of T. atroviride and T. harzianum may be promising approach for biological control of Fusarium wilt of tomato and may play an important role in sustainable agriculture.

Biocontrol of seed-borne Alternaria raphani and A. brassicicola

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 850-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Vannacci ◽  
G. E. Harman
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Pythium Species ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Chamber Studies ◽  
Growth Chamber Studies ◽  
Radish Seedlings

Forty-two microorganisms were tested as biological control agents against Alternaria raphani and A. brassicicola. Tests were conducted for in vitro antagonistic ability, for ability to control the pathogens on naturally infected seeds germinated on moistened blotters, and in planting mix in growth chamber studies, and for their ability to reduce pod infection. The organisms tested were obtained from cruciferous seeds or were strains already identified as being effective against soil-borne Pythium species. The blotter test indicated that six organisms increased both the number of healthy seedlings and the number of seedlings produced from A. raphani infected radish seeds. An additional seven strains improved either germination or increased the number of healthy seedlings. Twenty-nine organisms increased the number of healthy cabbage seedlings from A. brassicicola infected seeds, but total germination was not modified by any treatment. Experiments in planting mix showed that five antagonists (Chaetomium globosum, two strains of Trichoderma harzianum, T. koningii, and Fusarium sp.) increased the number of healthy plants in both radish samples tested, while four additional antagonists provided a significant increase in only one of the samples tested. The five antagonists that consistently increased numbers of healthy radish seedlings also decreased pod infection by A. raphani. None were as effective as iprodrone, however. Several effective antagonists were found to be mycoparasitic against Alternaria spp. Some strains of Trichoderma previously found to be effective against Pythium spp. were also effective against Alternaria spp., indicating that these strains have a wide host range.

scholarly journals New Bis-Alkenoic Acid Derivatives from a Marine-Derived Fungus Fusarium solani H915

Marine Drugs ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shun-Zhi Liu ◽  
Xia Yan ◽  
Xi-Xiang Tang ◽  
Jin-Guo Lin ◽  
Ying-Kun Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Zebrafish Embryo ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Alkenoic Acid ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Significant Toxicity ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Acid Esters

Fusarium solani H915 is a fungus derived from mangrove sediments. From its ethyl acetate extract, a new alkenoic acid, fusaridioic acid A (1), three new bis-alkenoic acid esters, namely, fusariumester A1 (2), A2 (3) and B (4), together with three known compounds (5–7), were isolated. The structures of the new compounds were comprehensively characterized by high resolution electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS), 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Additionally, the antifungal activities against tea pathogenic fungi Pestalotiopsis theae and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides were studied. The new compound, 4, containing a β-lactone ring, exhibited moderate inhibitory activity against P. theae, with an MIC of 50 μg/disc. Hymeglusin (6), a typical β-lactone antibiotic and a terpenoid alkaloid, equisetin (7), exhibited potent inhibitory activities against both fungal species. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their effects on zebrafish embryo development. Equisetin clearly imparted toxic effect on zebrafish even at low concentrations. However, none of the alkenoic acid derivatives exhibited significant toxicity to zebrafish eggs, embryos, or larvae. Thus, the β-lactone containing alkenoic acid derivatives from F. solani H915 are low in toxicity and are potent antifungal agents against tea pathogenic fungi.

scholarly journals Characterizing CMN1308, a Novel Strain of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, for Potential Biological Control Application

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
Xuehua ZHANG ◽  
Linling LI ◽  
Shuiyuan CHENG ◽  
Hua CHENG
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Spatial Competition ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Antibiotic Compounds ◽  
Plant Disease Management

Fungal diseases of plants continue to contribute to heavy crop losses in spite of the best control efforts of plant pathologists. Breeding for disease-resistant varieties and the application of synthetic chemical fungicides are the most widely accepted approaches in plant disease management. CMN1308 strain of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was isolated from healthy Chinese chestnut fruit, which has antibiosis and induced resistance to the prevention mechanism of pathogenic bacterium after picking. In order to evaluate the antibiosis mechanism, CMN1308 was fostered with the method of confront culture. The antimicrobial components were also isolated from the culture of CMN1308, and their stability and antimicrobial activity was tested under different treatments such as temperature, pH and UV. The results showed that CMN1308 displays advantages in regard to spatial competition against the major pathogens of chestnut, Rhizopus stolonifer, Fusarium solani, Stachybotrys chartarum, Cryphonectria parasitica, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Penicillium expansum and Aspergillus niger. Among this, CMN1308 had the best antimicrobial activity against P. expansum, with the inhibition zone diameter of 27.1 mm. The antimicrobial material isolated from CMN1308 culture showed a strong inhibition to the growth of P. expansum hyphal and also had a good stability to high temperature, alkali media and UV, but was sensitive to acidic conditions. Furthermore, CMN1308 increased the peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase activity and reduced the MDA content in chestnuts after infecting by pathogenic fungi. Thus, producing antibiotic compounds and inducible resistance are the main factors that may explain the antibacterial mechanism of CMN1308 on chestnut pathogenic. The results of this study might help to optimize the practical use of CMN1308 in the biological control of chestnut rot or other fruit rot infected by pathogenic fungi.

scholarly journals Pea–Fusarium solani Interactions Contributions of a System Toward Understanding Disease Resistance

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee A. Hadwiger
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Nonhost Resistance ◽  
Chromatin Conformation ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Resistance Components ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Molecular Aspects

This mini-review points to the usefulness of the pea–Fusarium solani interaction in researching the biochemical and molecular aspects of the nonhost resistance components of peas. This interaction has been researched to evaluate the resistance roles of the phytoalexin, pisatin, the cuticle barrier, and the activation of the nonhost resistance response. Concurrently, evaluations of associated signaling processes and the tools possessed by the pathogen to contend with host obstacles were included. The properties of some pathogenesis-related genes of pea and their regulation and contribution to resistance are discussed. A proposed action of two biotic elicitors on both chromatin conformation and the architectural transcription factor, HMG A, is presented and includes time lines of events within the host immune response.

The potential use of Debaryomyces hansenii for the biological control of pathogenic fungi in food

2018 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 216-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noé Medina-Córdova ◽  
Sergio Rosales-Mendoza ◽  
Luis Guillermo Hernández-Montiel ◽  
Carlos Angulo
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Debaryomyces Hansenii ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Potential Use

scholarly journals BIOLOGICAL CONTROL IN LEAF-CUTTING ANTS, Atta sexdens (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE), USING PATHOGENIC FUNGI

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarcísio Marcos Macedo Mota Filho ◽  
Luis Eduardo Pontes Stefanelli ◽  
Roberto da Silva Camargo ◽  
Carlos Alberto Oliveira de Matos ◽  
Luiz Carlos Forti
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fungus Garden ◽  
Atta Sexdens ◽  
Main Method ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Leaf Cutting

ABSTRACT Chemical control using toxic baits containing the active ingredient sulfluramid at 0.3% (w/w) is the main method for controlling leaf-cutting ants of the genera Atta and Acromyrmex. However, since 2009, when sulfluramid was included in Annex B of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, there has been an intense search for new methods that are efficient in controlling these insects. Among said new methods, biological control using pathogenic fungi has shown promising results in laboratory conditions. The objective of this study, given the context presented, was to assess the potential of the fungi Beauveria bassiana and Trichoderma harzianum in controlling Atta sexdens. Colonies of A. sexdens were exposed to the fungi by means of formulated baits provided in a foraging chamber, or of suspensions sprayed on the fungus garden, and had their behavioral changes recorded for 21 days. For both formulations, concentrations of 10 and 20% (w/w) of the fungi being studied were used. The results allowed concluding that baits containing 10 and 20% (w/w) of the fungi B. bassiana and T. harzianum were not efficient in controlling colonies of A sexdens. On the other hand, spraying suspensions of 20% (w/w) of B. bassiana and 10% and 20% (w/w) of T. harzianum was efficient and resulted in 100% mortality of the colonies 11, 9 and 7 days after application, respectively. These findings indicate that the fungi B. bassiana and T. harzianum are promising as agents for the control of A. sexdens colonies, when sprayed on the fungus garden, although there are still some challenges as to their use related to the development of technologies for the application of the pathogen.

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