scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF TWO-HOUR TOURNIQUETS ISCHEMIA OF LIMB AND ACUTE BLOOD LOSS ON SYSTEMIC DISORDERS OF THE BODY IN THE REPERFUSION PERIOD (EXPERIMENTAL STUDY)

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 1330-1333
Author(s):  
Ivanna I. Horban ◽  
Arsen A. Hudyma ◽  
Roman V. Maksymiv ◽  
Iryna V. Antonyshyn
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Control Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Acute Ischemia ◽  
Acute Blood Loss ◽  
Reperfusion Period ◽  
Bile Excretion ◽  
Experimental Group

The aim: to find out the effect of a two-hour tourniquets ischemia of the limb and acute blood loss on systemic disorders of the body in the postperfusion period. Materials and methods: The experiments were performed on 96 nonlinear male rats weighing 200-220 g. All experiments were performed under sodium thiopental anesthesia. In the first experimental group, two-hour tourniquets limb ischemia was simulated. In the second experimental group, acute blood loss was modeled. In the third experimental group, these lesions were combined. In 1 and 2 hours, as well as in 1, 7 and 14 days, the biliary function of the liver was determined in the experimental animals. Results: Two-hour tourniquets ischemia of the limb in the reperfusion period compared with the control was accompanied by a significant decrease in the rate of bile excretion, which reached a minimum value in 3 h – 1 day of the experiment and returned to the control level in 14 days. After the simulation of acute blood loss, the rate disturbance of bile excretion became significantly greater in all observation periods. The complication of acute ischemia-limb reperfusion caused a greater decrease in the rate of bile excretion with a maximum in 1 day of the experiment. Under these conditions, at 1, 7, and 14 days, the indicator was statistically significantly lower than in the other study groups. Conclusions: In the case of acute blood loss, complicated by two-hour tourniquets ischemia of the limb, the reperfusion period is accompanied by a summation of the negative impact of blood loss, ischemia and reperfusion of the limb on the functional state of the liver, which is a significant decrease in the rate of bile excretion with a maximum in 1 day, which further increases, but up to 14 days does not reach the level of control.

scholarly journals Dynamics of violations the absorption function of the small intestine in conditions of acute blood loss complicated by ischemia-reperfusion of the limbs and their correction

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 351-360
Author(s):  
I. Strelbytska ◽  
A. Hudyma
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Blood Loss ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Limb Ischemia ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Blood Loss ◽  
Absorption Function ◽  
Reperfusion Period ◽  
Experimental Group

Introduction. In the structure of modern injuries in wartime and peacetime the share of gunshot wounds increased significantly. The timeliness of applying a tourniquet is one of the main methods of saving lives on the battlefield. The patterns of formation of enteral insufficiency syndrome in conditions of acute blood loss complicated by ischemia-reperfusion of the limb have not been studied enough. There are no data on the features of violations of the absorption function of the small intestine in these conditions and the effectiveness of correction with Carbacetam, which is able to reduce the manifestations of acute hemic hypoxia and ischemic-reperfusion syndrome.The objective of research: To establish the peculiarities of the absorption function of the small intestine in the pathogenesis of acute blood loss, ischemia-reperfusion of the limb and their combination. To evaluate the effectiveness of Carbacetam in the correction of identified abnormalities.Materials and methods. The experimental studies were conducted on 108 white nonlinear male rats weighing 200-220 g, which were housed in standard vivarium conditions. All animals were divided into five groups: control and four experimental. Under thiopental-sodium anesthesia in the first experimental group was simulated ischemia-reperfusion of the limb, in the second group – acute blood loss, and in the third group – these injuries were combined. In the fourth experimental group, animals with acute blood loss and ischemia-reperfusion of the limb were intraperitoneally administered Carbacetam at a dose of 5 mg per kilogram of animal weight. After 1 and 2 hours, as well as after 1, 7 and 14 days studied the absorption function of the intestines by D-xylose test.The results and discussion. Simulation of limb ischemia-reperfusion compared with the control group causes a decrease in the content of D-xylose in the urine after 1 day of the reperfusion period. Also, acute blood loss is accompanied by a significant decrease in this indicator after 1 day. Until the end of the experiment the rate increases, but up to 14 days does not reach the level of control. The combination of acute blood loss and ischemia-reperfusion of the limb causes a decrease in the content of D-xylose in the urine starting from 1 hour of the experiment, which reaches a minimum after 1 day and remains at the same level until 14 days. In these terms the rate was the lowest compared to other studied groups. The use of Carbacetam for corrective purposes in rats with acute blood loss complicated by ischemia-reperfusion of the limb, compared with animals without correction significantly reduces the detected abnormalities after 7 days and more after 14 days of use.Conclusions. Complications of acute blood loss by ischemia-reperfusion of the limb causes a significant decrease in the absorption function of the small intestine after 1 day of the experiment. The intensity of disorders was significantly higher compared to other experimental groups. The use of Сarbacetam for 7-14 days in the reperfusion period in animals with acute blood loss complicated by limb ischemia-reperfusion, compared with animals without correction, causes a significant increase in the absorption function of the small intestine. This indicates the protective effect of the drug under the conditions of simulated pathology.

scholarly journals The effect of cranioskeletal trauma complicated by blood loss on the functional state of the liver in the early period of traumatic disease in rats with different resistance to hypoxia and their correction

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-269
Author(s):  
D. O. Sikirynska ◽  
A. A. Hudyma ◽  
A. H. Shulhai ◽  
K. A. Pokhodun
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Organ Dysfunction ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Acute Blood Loss ◽  
Loss Model ◽  
Resistance To Hypoxia ◽  
Bile Excretion ◽  
Experimental Group

Introduction. Traumatic events are considered to be one of the current problems in modern urban society. Beyond being the immediate cause of the death of the injured, the development of multiple organ failure syndrome is a perilous complication of severe multiple and combined trauma. An experimental cranioskeletal trauma is known to be accompanied by internal organ dysfunction. Nonetheless, the development of organ dysfunction in terms of hypoxia resistance in the presence of cranioskeletal trauma remains insufficiently studied.The objective of research: to establish the dynamics of the functional state of the liver in the presence of cranioskeletal trauma, complicated by blood loss in rats with different hypoxia resistance in the early period of traumatic disease and evaluate the efficacy of Thiocetam in the correction of identified abnormalities.Material and methods: The experimental studies were conducted on 196 white non-linear male rats weighing 180-200g. Initially, an individual resistance to hypoxia of the rats was estimated, and the animals demonstrated high- and low- resistance value to hypoxia (HR and LR, respectively) were selected for the further study. The HR- and LR-rats were separately divided into 4 groups: control and three experimental once. In the first experimental groups the HR-and LR-animals were induced the cranioskeletal trauma under thiopental sodium anesthesia (40 mg·kg-1); the animals of the second experimental groups were inflicted the acute blood loss of 20-22% of circulating blood volume; in the third experimental groups, the HR and LR animals were subjected to an acute blood loss following the cranioskeletal trauma and administered the intraperitoneal injection of the Thiocetam at a dose of 250 mg·кg-1 of body weight once a day for correction. The bile excretion function of the liver was analyzed in the controls and experimental groups of animals 1, 3 and 7 days after trauma.The results and discussion. The conducted studies indicated the higher rate of bile excretion in the control group of LR-rats compared to the control of HR-rats. The rate of bile excretion was occurred decreased in both HR- and LR-rats under the influence of the cranioskeletal trauma. However, the degree of decrease in the studied parameter of the LR-rats was considerably greater than the corresponding value of the HR-rats. An additional blood loss model resulted in more marked abnormalities, particularly in the experimental group of LR-rats. The 7-day administration of Thiocetam led to the significant decrease in the abnormal bile excretion rate in the experimental groups of HR- and LR-rats compared to the animals without corrective medication. The analysis of deviation degree of the studied parameter in the animals administered Thiocetam in relation to the animals without correction evidenced better efficacy of the medication in the experimental group consisted of LR-rats compared to the group of HR-rats, especially under the conditions of additional acute blood loss model. Consequently, Thiocetam is able to compensate less-developed defense mechanisms of LR-rats compared to the HR-rats, which should be taken into consideration in real-life clinical practice settings in the comprehensive treatment of the injured with cranioskeletal trauma complicated by blood loss considering the possibility to determine their resistance to hypoxia.Conclusions. The rate of bile excretion as a basic indicator of the functional state of the liver in the intact LR-rats is found to be substantially higher than in HR-rats. The degree of decrease in the rate of bile excretion is significantly greater in LR-rats after 7 days of the post-traumatic period under the influence of cranioskeletal trauma complicated by acute blood loss. The administration of Thiocetam is accompanied by a marked positive effect on the rate of bile excretion in the HR- and LR-rats, but the degree of increase in the studied parameter is considerably greater in the experimental group of LR-rats.

scholarly journals Dynamics of endogenous intoxication indicators in condition of acute blood loss complicated by ischemia-reperfusion of the limb, and their correction by carbacetam

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 394-405
Author(s):  
I. Strelbytska ◽  
A. Hudyma
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Blood Loss ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Endogenous Intoxication ◽  
Limb Injuries ◽  
Experimental Group

Introduction. In the structure of injuries from gunshot wounds dominate the limb injuries that are often complicated by massive bleeding from the main vessels. The only means of rescue on the battlefield is a timely application of a tourniquet. This ensures complete exsanguination of the limb. The duration of exsanguination should not exceed 2 hours. It is proved that in conditions of acute blood loss complicated by ischemia-reperfusion of the limb, there are prerequisites for the development of dysfunction of internal organs, which in turn exacerbates dysmetabolic and functional disorders, stimulates endotoxicosis and may be complicated by multiple organ failure. However, the patterns of formation of the syndrome of endogenous intoxication in the conditions of ischemia-reperfusion of the limb, acute blood loss and their combinations have not been studied. There are no data on the effect of Carbacetam on these processes. It is known that Carbacetam has proven itself to reduce the manifestations of dysfunction of internal organs in the conditions of ischemic-reperfusion syndrome of the limb.The objective of research: To establish the dynamics of endogenous intoxication in the conditions of ischemia-reperfusion of the limb, acute blood loss and their combination. To evaluate the effectiveness of Carbacetam in the correction of identified abnormalities.Materials and methods. The experimental studies were conducted on 108 white nonlinear male rats weighing 200-220 g, which were housed in standard vivarium conditions. All animals were divided into five groups: control and four experimental. Under thiopental-sodium anesthesia in the first experimental group was simulated ischemia-reperfusion of the limb, in the second – acute blood loss, and in the third – these injuries were combined. In the fourth experimental group, animals with acute blood loss and ischemia-reperfusion of the limb were intraperitoneally administered Carbacetam at a dose of 5 mg per kilogram of animal weight. After 1 and 2 hours, as well as after 1, 7 and 14 days in the blood serum was determined the content of middle-mass molecules (MMM254, MMM280).The results and discussion. It was found that ischemia-reperfusion of the limb in comparison with the control group is accompanied by a significant increase of the MMM254 fraction in the blood serum content. From the first hour of the experiment with a maximum after 1 day and normalization of the index up to 14 days. The content in the blood serum of the MMM280 fraction became significantly higher, from the control only after 1 day with subsequent normalization in the following terms of the experiment. After simulation of acute blood loss, both studied fractions of MMM increased from 1 hour of the experiment, reached a maximum after 1 day and did not return to the control level after 14 days. For the first time it was found that two-hour ischemia-reperfusion of the limb significantly aggravates the course of acute blood loss, which revealed a significantly higher content in the serum of fractions MMM254 and MMM280 compared to other experimental groups in almost all periods of the experiment. Due to the use of Carbacetam, the content of both studied fractions of MMM in the serum compared with animals without correction was significantly reduced after 7 and 14 days of the experiment. Although the studied parameters did not return to the level of the Carbacetam control group, it can be considered a pathogenetically justified means of reducing the level of endotoxicosis in the conditions of ischemia-reperfusion of the limb and acute blood loss.Conclusions. Simulation of limb ischemia-reperfusion is accompanied by accumulation of MMM254-280 fractions with a maximum after 1 day of the experiment and normalization up to 14 days. Acute blood loss causes an increase in the serum content of fractions MMM254-280 from 1 hour of the experiment, which up to 14 days do not reach the level of control. The detected disorders are significantly exacerbated after a combination of acute blood loss and ischemia-reperfusion of the limb. The use of Carbacetam in comparison with animals without correction is accompanied by a significant decrease in the content of MMM254-280 fractions in the serum after 7 and 14 days of the experiment.

scholarly journals CHANGE OF FUNCTIONAL AND LABORATORY PARAMETERS AFTER COMPENSATION OF ACUTE BLOOD LOSS WITH COOLED HYPERTONIC SOLUTION IN EXPERIMENT

2018 ◽  
pp. 83-94
Author(s):  
A. V. Krupin ◽  
I. A. Shperling ◽  
P. A. Romanov ◽  
M. I. Shperling
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Loss ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Hypertonic Solution ◽  
Acute Blood Loss ◽  
External Temperature ◽  
Heat Chamber ◽  
Quantitative Indicators ◽  
Experimental Group

Relevance.High efficiency of hypertonic (hyperosmolar) solutions in acute blood loss is known. However, data on changes in the body, developing as a result of infusion of such drugs (including cooled) in the providing of care after acute blood loss is limited or absent. This fact complicates the development of tactics in their use, especially in emergency situations at low temperatures.Intention.To reveal features of functional and laboratory indicators In experiments on animals as a result of infusion of warm (+22 °С) or the cooled (–3 °С) hypertonic solution based on hydroxyethyl starch and sodium chloride (HyperHAES, further – HHES) at the acute blood loss of 50 % of blood volume (BV).Methodology.Animals (20 male sheep) with modeled blood loss were distributed into 2 experimental and 2 control groups of 5 animals each. Sheep in the 1st experimental group were placed in the heat chamber with temperature –7 °С for 15 min. Then they underwent the intravenous infusion of a cooled HHES at a dose of 4 ml/kg of weight through the jugular vein with a disposable syringe (volume 20 ml) evenly with a speed of 60 ml per minute. After that they were left in the heat chamber until the time of 1 hour in total. Individuals in the 2nd experimental group were injected with an equivalent volume of warm solution during the corresponding periods of the experiment at an external temperature of +22 °C. 1 hour after beginning of the infusion all animals were intravenously injected with colloidal solution based on hydroxyethyl starch (“Voluven”) at an external temperature of +22 °C. During 1 day the dynamics of rectal temperature, arterial pressure, heart rate and respiratory movements, osmolarity of blood plasma and content of osmotically active components, quantitative indicators of red blood were evaluated.Results.Animals at a temperature of +22 °C or at a temperature of –7 °C died in (82 ± 3) min and (70 ± 5) min (p < 0.05) respectively after the start of exfusion. Intravenous fluids (warm or cooled HHES) ensured the survival in 100 % of cases. As a result of blood loss, subsequent infusion of cooled HHES and following presence in the heat chamber, rectal temperature in sheep decreased by 4.9 °C (14.2%, p < 0.05) relative to the initial values. Two and 4 min after infusion of cooled or warm HHES systolic blood pressure increased by 24.9 % (p < 0.05) and 14.9 % (p < 0.05), respectively, and were restored to the normal level during the following 40 min. Infusion of “Voluven” contributed to the stabilization of blood pressure within 1 day after infusion of HHES. Blood loss led to increased heart rate by 2.1 times (p < 0.05), infusion of HHES slightly reduced the severity of tachycardia. Within 10 minutes after the introduction of cooled HHES, dynamics of heart rate was less stable. Infusion of warm or cooled HHES increased osmolarity of blood plasma by 9.5–9.9 % (p < 0.05), which was associated with an increase of sodium and glucose concentrations in blood. Infusion of “Voluven” reduced osmolarity of blood plasma, which became similar to initial values at the end of Day 1 after infusion of HHES. Blood loss, infusion of HHES and “Voluven” decreased quantitative indicators of red blood via removal of red blood cells from the bloodstream, as well as compensatory and post-transfusion hemodilution.Conclusion.The infusion of warm or cold hypertonic saline (HyperHAES) ensures the survival of experimental animals in post-hemorrhagic period. The positive effect of the drug is associated with compensatory haemodilution (including increased osmolarity of blood plasma), as well as with better functioning of the cardiovascular system. Specific cooled HHES effects include an earlier and pronounced rise in blood pressure. Considering changes in functional and laboratory parameters after infusion of warm or cooled HHES, a reliable system should be developed to remove casualties from emergency areas and to take earlier and complete diagnostic and treatment measures.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of Evaluation of Biological Effects of the Influence of Electromagnetic Radiation in Conditions of Reduced Temperature (Experiment)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-235
Author(s):  
O. Litovchenko ◽  
◽  
I. Perova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
The Body ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Reduced Temperature

In modern conditions there is a high need to improve methods for establishing the nature of the combined influence of factors using modern approaches for further development of prevention measures against the negative impact of factors on the body. The purpose of the study was to investigate the combined effect of electromagnetic radiation and low temperatures with subsequent determination of the level of contribution of each factor in the formation of biological effects within the experiment by mathematical analysis of data using the method of artificial intelligence. Materials and methods. The subchronic experiment (30 days) was performed on male rats. The animals were divided into groups: combined exposure to electromagnetic radiation (70 kHz, 600 V/m) and reduced temperature (40C), isolated exposure to reduced temperature, isolated exposure to electromagnetic radiation and a control group. The establishment of biological effects was performed at stages 5, 15 and 30 days of the experiment. Changes in the body were assessed by physiological, biochemical and immunological parameters of the blood (30 indicators). Data processing was performed using computational intelligence methods (Neuro-fuzzy system). Results and discussion. The combined effect of the factors was manifested by the following biological effects: intensification of peroxidation processes with simultaneous moderate suppression of antioxidant protection, intensification of lipid metabolism was characterized by dyslipoproteinemia, manifesting in: increase in triglycerides, cholesterol and its fractions. Changes of the immune system were decrease in the ability of neutrophils to phagocytosis at different stages of the experiment, imbalance of the activation of the system of reducing the concentration of C4 at the background of increased intensity of IgM and IgG synthesis. The method of determining the intensity of the factors, developed on the basis of factor and cluster analysis, allowed to determine that during the experiment the ratios between the factors changed, but the greatest contribution was made by reduced temperature by both biochemical parameters (63%) and immunological (53%) at the same time, the level of electromagnetic radiation contribution was 37% and 47%, respectively. Thus, the reduced temperature was the leading factor in the combined effect, which added 60% to the overall biological effect throughout the study, against the effect of electromagnetic radiation for which the level of contribution was only 40%. By means of the factor analysis informative indicators, making it possible to establish the characteristics of biological effects, and therefore leading indicators in formation of biological effects were the increase in concentration of DC with simultaneous decrease in concentration of SH-groups, increase in VLDL and suppression of oxygen-dependent metabolism of neutrophil-test. Conclusion. Thus, the tested mathematical approach allowed to determine the leading role of each of the studied factors under the conditions of their combined influence in different systems, which allows to predict probable appropriate reactions of the whole organism and gives a reasonable approach to the development of preventive measures

scholarly journals Dynamics of the functional activity changes in rats testicles under conditions of dosage spermatic cord stenosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-485
Author(s):  
M.Ya. Stravska ◽  
A.V. Hantimurov ◽  
T.Ya. Stravskyy ◽  
A.S. Sverstiuk ◽  
O.Ya. Halytska-Kharkhalis
Keyword(s):  
Male Infertility ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Spermatic Cord ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
The Third ◽  
Reperfusion Period ◽  
Experimental Group

Infertility in marriage is an important medical, biological, social and demographic problem. Inguinal hernioplasty is objectively considered as a factor of male infertility in 9.8% of cases. Under these pathological conditions, the structural elements of the spermatic cord are compressed those appears the circulatory disturbances in testicle. Disorders of reproductive function often occur precisely because of hemodynamic disorders, which are considered one of the leading pathogenetic factors in the development of male infertility. Purpose — to establish peculiarities of testicles vessels and tissues remodeling under dosed spermatic cord stenosis conditions and during the reperfusion period. The experiments have been carried out on 78 non-linear white male rats, weighting 180–200 grams which were fed due to a standard diet of vivarium. All the animals were divided into four groups: one control group and three experimental ones. The control group included six intact animals. All the other comprised the experimental group which was divided into three series six animals per each depending on the terms of observation. The animals with the model of dosed stenosis of funiculus comprised first experimental group; the animals with the model of dosed stenosis and one-moment decompression, starting from the third day of the experiment comprised the second group; to the third group we referred the animals with the model of dosed stenosis of the funiculus which have undergone decompression with the correction of reperfusion changes due to the method proposed by us, starting from the third day. During the experiment it was established that after one-time decompression of the spermatic cord that was under the experimental stenosis conditions, apereas destructive changes in testicles parenchyma and decreases the functional activity of the organ. Despite that the compression factor has been removed and the blood flow in arteries and veins has been fully restored, there was no improvement in the hemodynamics of the testicle. The use of the dosage decompression method of the spermatic cord helps to improve the hemodynamic conditions of the organ during the reperfusion period. In this case, the detected changes of the testicle’s parenchyma and its intra-organ vessels were less pronounced than during stenosis of the spermatic cord and its one-time decompression. The functional activity of the testicles with use of the reperfusion changes correction, was slightly violated, the spermatogenesis index has been increased and the mature forms of spermatozoa were present in the seminiferous tubules. Thus, the usage of the proposed method of the spermatic cord decompression allows us to obtain positive dynamics in testicles blood vessels remodeling in reperfusion period.

scholarly journals Methods of Developing the Ability to Balance in Young Gymnasts

2020 ◽  
pp. 205-210
Author(s):  
Andrey O. Mironov ◽  
◽  
Ksenia D. Larkina ◽  
Zoya I. Petrina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sports Training ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Classical Dance ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Experimental Group

Balances in rhythmic gymnastics constitute one of the basic groups of elements. When performing any elements of the program, it is extremely important for a gymnast to maintain the balance of the body and its parts in relation to each other. At the same time, flexibility is considered a fundamental quality in the sport in question, for it determines both selection and training in sports schools. The aim of the study was to substantiate the effectiveness of the training program for young gymnasts at the initial stage of sports training (1st year of training) based on the methodology of developing the ability to balance. The study was conducted from September 2017 to March 2018 on the basis of Sports School of the Olympic Reserve No. 42 (Moscow). The participants were of the same age, which ensures the qualitative homogeneity of the sample. Two groups of participants – experimental and control – were randomly formed. In the experimental group, the training of young gymnasts was conducted according to the methodology, the main provisions of which are: the division of training in the direction of the development of physical qualities in accordance with the schedule; the use of parterre gymnastics exercises as a warm-up; a strictly determined sequence in the development of elements (small poses, concluding exercises, large poses of classical dance, forms of basic equilibria, complicated equilibria, turns). The results of the control tests showed that, in the experimental group, the average increase in the index of ability to equilibria (Δe = 30.8%) was significantly higher than in the control group (Δc = 8.3%). The practical application of the proposed technique is that it can be used in the organization of the training process of young gymnasts at the stage of initial sports training (1st year of training). Currently, when training novice athletes, the emphasis is on the development of the physical quality of flexibility. In the course of the study, the authors found it necessary to answer the question of whether the developed technique had a negative impact on the development of flexibility. They analyzed the flexibility tests used in the selection of gymnasts and saw that the quality of change in both groups was comparable. Therefore, it can be concluded that the developed methodology does not prevent the development of flexibility. The results of this study will serve as a starting point for further research on the problem of the content of the training process of young gymnasts at the stage of initial sports training.

scholarly journals ВПЛИВ ФУМОНІЗИНОТОКСИКОЗУ НА МОРФОЛОГІЧНІ ТА БІОХІМІЧНІ ПОКАЗНИКИ КРОВІ ЩУРІВ

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2(66)) ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
Z. Guta
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
The Body ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Morphological Indices ◽  
Physiological Values ◽  
Biochemical Indices ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase Activity ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The article deals with the influence of fumonisins on morphological and biochemical indices of rats blood. 20 rats weighing 165-170 g were used in the experiment. It was formed two groups: first group of animals - served as a control, in the second experimental group – chronic fumonisin toxicosis  was reproduced. Rats were daily injected with intra- gastro intestinal 90 mg of fumonisin per one animal. It was established that after the introduction of fumonisin to rats, mycotoxins have a negative impact on the morphological indices of rats blood. It wass found a probable increase in the number of leukocytes to 18.9 g/l, the number of eosinophils to 6.7% segmented neutrophils to 30.7%, and also the decrease in the number of lymphocytes and monocytees to 56.0 and 0.7%. In the analysis of leukocyte formula we have noted the tendency to displacement the nucleus left.Reactions that occur on the background of  the above mentioned toxicity,caused by selective tropism for various tissues of the body; as a result there are nefro-, hepato- and nephrotoxic reactions.To diagnose these changes is possible  after a comprehensive study on the basis of biochemical changes. At research of biochemical parameters in rats blood by the development of chronic fumonisin toxicosis  it was set the reduction of  the level of total protein; indicating the development of violations of proteins exchange in rats organism and protein synthesized liver function.Also it was found that under the conditions of  fumonisin toxicosis  in rats, alanine -aminotransferase activity and aspartate- aminotransferase in their blood throughout the experiment was increased.This is explained by increased permeability of cells under the influence of fumonisin that influenced directly on the membrane, probably, disrupting their structural components. The concentration of creatinine and urea in the blood of experimental rats which were  fed with fumonisin, exceeded the physiological values that were clinical sign of the development of inflammation in rats organism.On the 14th  day the phagocytic activity of neutrophils and phagocytic index of rat blood affected by fumonisin was reduced, indicating the availability of such changes in the immune system of animals.

scholarly journals Long-term Effect of Water Pollutants (Heavy Metals) on the Morphofunctional State of the Adult Rat's Pituitary Gland

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 172-178
Author(s):  
N. B. Hryntsova ◽  
◽  
A. M. Romanyuk
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Experimental Group

In some northern regions of Ukraine there is an increased accumulation of salts of heavy metals in soil and drinking water, which negatively affect the health of the population and become a risk factor for many diseases. The role of the pituitary gland in the regulation of functional disorders of hormonal homeostasis in various pathological conditions is extremely important. The purpose of the study is to study the morphological, morphometric and biochemical rearrangements of the structural components of the adenohypophysis of adult male rats under conditions of long-term exposure to salts of heavy metals. Materials and methods. The experiment was performed on 24 white adult male rats, which were divided into 1 control and 1 experimental group. The experimental group consisted of rats, which for 90 days consumed ordinary drinking water, saturated with a combination of salts of heavy metals: zinc (ZnSO4 · 7H2O) – 5 mg/l, copper (CuSO4 · 5H2O) – 1 mg/l, iron (FeSO4) – 10 mg/l, manganese (MnSO4 · 5H2O) – 0.1 mg/l, lead (Pb (NO3) 2) – 0.1 mg/l and chromium (K2Cr2O7) – 0.1 mg/l. Results and discussion. Long-term effects on the body of experimental animals of salts of heavy metals caused a pronounced compensatory-adaptive changes in the pituitary gland of experimental animals of hypoxic nature. Morphological changes in the organ were accompanied by plethora of venous bed, deterioration of rheological properties of blood, increase in the area of connective tissue component of the gland, violation of histoarchitectonics of epithelial trabeculae, edema in the parenchyma, increase in linear indicators of the pituitary gland. Toxic effects of salts of heavy metals negatively affected the cellular composition of the adenohypophysis: there was an increase in the number of chromophobes and a decrease in the number of chromophilic acidophiles and basophils compared with control animals. At the same time, the increase in linear parameters, area of nuclei and cytoplasm of adenocytes can be attributed both to their compensatory hypertrophy and due to edema processes in the gland caused by deepening hypoxic effects and impaired blood flow from the organ as a result of venous plethora. Conclusion. Morphometric and biochemical parameters of the structural components of the anterior lobe of the adenohypophysis at 90 days of exposure to salts of heavy metals, of course, indicate a significant stress of adaptive processes by the adenohypophysis in response to stressors (salts of heavy metals)

scholarly journals An Experimental Model of Liver Cirrhosis in Laboratory Animals

2019 ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
D. A. Yevseyenko ◽  
Z. A. Dundarov ◽  
E. A. Nadyrov
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Analysis ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Biochemical Blood Analysis

Objective: to develop and justify the application of a new experimental method of the simulation of liver cirrhosis in laboratory animals. Material and methods. The simulation of liver cirrhosis was performed on 11 eugamic white Wistar male rats with the body weight of 203.5 ± 22.2 g (experimental group). The control group consisted of 12 healthy laboratory animals. Acute toxic liver injury resulting in cirrhosis was caused by means of the intraperitoneal administration of 50 % solution of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in olive oil on the first day of the experiment at a dosage of 0.1 ml of CCl4 + 0.4 ml of olive oil per 100 g of the body weight of the animals, on the second day of the experiment - 0.3 ml of CCl4 + 0.2 ml of olive oil per 100 g of the body weight of the animals. For synergism and potentiation of the hepatotoxic effect of CCl4, the animals daily had free access to 10% ethanol solution. The duration of the experiment was 65 days. The clinical and laboratory parameters were evaluated, the histological assessment of the preparations was carried out. The obtained data were compared with the same parameters of the control group of the animals. Results. The reproducibility of the model was 81.8% (9 animals). The values of the biochemical blood analysis indicated statistically significant increases in the levels of total bilirubin, serum transaminases (AST, ALT), creatinine, a decrease in the glucose level in the animals of the experimental group. The complex morphological confirmation of liver cirrhosis in progress was obtained. Conclusion. The proposed method of the liver cirrhosis modeling correlate with the values of the biochemical blood analysis, pathological changes in the tissue of the liver and internal organs of liver cirrhosis in humans. With the help of the original model, it is possible to investigate the pathogenesis and effects of various groups of pharmacological drugs on liver cirrhosis and its complications (acute blood loss associated with the syndrome of portal hypertension).

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