Stosunek do przeszłości jako czynnik kształtujący pokoleniowe autoidentyfikacje młodzieży w krajach postkomunistycznych

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-172
Author(s):  
Radosław Marzęcki
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Young People ◽  
Political Identity ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Generational Difference ◽  
The Social ◽  
Communist Countries

When we observe the social and political life in post-communist countries, we can also notice that generations of people born after the fall of communism are beginning to play an increasingly important role in shaping the views and political preferences of the whole society. Young people socialized in significantly different conditions than their parents’ generation represent (in many areas) attitudes that indicate their “generational difference”. The aim of the article is to describe and explain to what extent the assessments of systemic transformation in chosen post-communist countries are determined by the age of citizens. The author analyzes secondary data from surveys on public opinion in the following countries: Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Slovakia and Ukraine. In order to explain how young people perceive their position in relation to the older generation, which remembers the communist era, an appropriate case study was conducted. The study was conducted among students from six academic centers in Ukraine (Kyiv, Lviv, Nizhyn, Pereiaslav, Sumy, and Uzhhorod). It was found that the strength of the relationship between age and the perception of systemic change varies across countries. The deepest divisions between the older and younger generations were identified in Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Ukraine and Bulgaria. It was also found that the young generation of contemporary Ukraine is trying to emphasize its own generational difference by creating its own political identity in opposition to the features attributed to older generations.

Movement in the Social Hierarchy in the Age of Transformation: People's Perceptions in Post-Communist Countries

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-42
Author(s):  
Lina Malysh
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
Communist Countries

The article analyzes how people evaluate the changes in their position in the social hierarchy. The main research attention is focused on post-communist countries which exemplify the transition from one social order to another. The list of these post-communist countries was as follows: Bulgaria (N = 1000), Estonia (N = 1000), Latvia (N = 1069), Lithuania (N = 1023), Poland (N = 1263), Russia (N = 1603), Slovakia (N = 1159), Slovenia (N = 1065), Hungary (N = 1010), Ukraine (N = 2012), Croatia (N = 1201), the Czech Republic (N = 1205). Based on the questions from the Social Inequality-IV module of the International Social Survey Programme two types of people's perception of their mobility were identified: subjective social mobility and intergenerational movement on the social ladder. Subjective social mobility measured as a level of status of respondents’ current job compared to the status of their father's job when the respondent was a teenager. Intergenerational movement in the social ladder was considered as the difference between respondent’s self-positioning on the social ladder and his/her ideas about the position of the family of his origin on this ladder. Also, the direction and distance of both types of movement in the social hierarchy were measured. As a result, the differences in stratification profiles based on distributions of the respondent’s position on the social ladder and that of their parents were shown. In a large majority of nations, people moved down on the social ladder. The exceptions were Slovakia, the Czech Republic, and Poland. In general, the proportion of people who have experienced upward subjective mobility exceeded the proportion of those who have risen the social ladder. Distances of both types of movement in the social space were moderate. Subjective mobility and intergenerational movement in the social ladder did not correlate too much. The correlation between the variables was strongest in Poland and the Czech Republic. Methodological features of indicators of both types of movement in social space are outlined, but more accurate description of their measuring limits requires further empirical exploration.

scholarly journals The Rise of Person-Based Politics in the New Democracies: The Czech Republic and Slovenia

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladislav Cabada ◽  
Matevž Tomšič
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
East Central Europe ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
East Central ◽  
Political Partisanship ◽  
Democratic Polity ◽  
Communist Countries

Abstract In the article, the authors address certain recent political developments in two former communist countries, the Czech Republic and Slovenia. They focus on the rise of personalized politics, i.e. the type of political conduct that is driven predominantly by the personal character of political leaders (much more than by programs and ideologies). Specifically, the authors look at the weak political partisanship in East-Central Europe as one of the key factors triggering person-based politics. They find that personalized leadership has divergent consequences for political life in a democratic polity. It is very effective in mobilizing mass support as well as in overcoming many organizational obstacles. However, its influence on the quality of the democratic process is questionable.

scholarly journals The Rise or Decline of Craft Trades? Evidence from Czech Republic and Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-154
Author(s):  
Andrea TOMÁŠKOVÁ ◽  
Roman ŚMIETAŃSKI
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Young People ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Metal Machining ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
National Economies

Entrepreneurial activity in the field of craft professions is an integral part of national economies. The aim of the authors is to prepare an overview article, which would simultaneously compare selected business activities in the Czech Republic and Poland in the field of craft trades with an emphasis on young people and their employability in the labour market. In line with the aim of the article, the authors identified four research questions, which they answered based on the analysis of secondary data. They drew data from databases of statistical offices, ministries and associations. Data were processed using a descriptive statistics apparatus. In the Czech Republic, interest in the study of crafts has stagnated for a long time. In recent years, the number of graduates of craft apprenticeships has been growing. Crafts in the field of mechanical and electrical engineering are preferred, e.g. car mechanic, repairman, mechanical locksmith, electrician. Decrease in the number of graduates is recorded in the food and most construction professions. After finishing the apprenticeship, graduates often leave their field. In Poland, most companies operate in the field of trade and repair of motor vehicles. Measured by the number of graduates, the predominant field is the machinery industry, wellness professions and professions in the food industry. The interest among young people in the studied craft trades is declining in most fields, the field of metal machining shows a growing trend. It is also necessary to confirm the craftsman's expertise with a master craftsman’s certification. It is desirable to expand the possibilities of educating pupils and students in a real work environment. It is important that mutual communication between the worlds of practice and education is functional and effective.

‘Gypsies to the Camps!’: Exclusion and Marginalisation of Roma in the Czech Republic

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angus Bancroft
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Racial Violence ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Modern Aspect ◽  
The Social ◽  
Transition To Capitalism ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Communist Countries ◽  
The Stranger

Under Communism the Roma minority in the Czech Republic were subject to severe state directed assimilation policies. Since the end of the Cold War they have endured a combination of labour market exclusion and racially motivated violence. The apparent historical discontinuity between the Communists’ strategies of assimilation and the current forms of exclusion and marginalisation is often explained by pointing to the social and economic upheaval caused by the transition to capitalism, or the resurgence of ‘ancient ethnic hatreds’. When examining anti-Roma racism (or other examples of ethnic conflict) in the former Communist countries of Europe, commentators tend to regard it as signifying the backwardness of these nations. These perspectives ignore racism's modern aspect. In contrast this paper seeks to highlight some of the continuities between the situation of Roma today and their historical position. It uses Simmel's concept of ‘the Stranger’ as applied by Bauman to understand the ambivalent place of Roma in European modernity, at times subject to coercive assimilation, at other times on the receiving end of racial violence. It challenges narratives which attempt to Orientalise racism as the preserve of ‘uncivilised and backward’ nations or a white underclass. It seeks to put racism in its place as a part of European modernity and its deployment of assimilative or exclusionary strategies against ‘Stranger’ minorities.

The Complex Support and Assistance to Children with Disability and their Families in the Czech Republic and the Presentation of Case Final Reports on Early Care of Client as an Example of Good Practice

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-84
Author(s):  
Zdenka Šándorová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Practical Case ◽  
Early Care ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Children With Disability ◽  
Global Comparison ◽  
The Social

Abstract The theme of the paper is very topical in global and European context. It brings theoretical information on the concept of asocial model of early care in the Czech Republic and practical case studies and final reports related to the early care provision which demonstrate tangible activities within the system of the complex support and assistance to children with disability and their families. The author applies the theoretical-practical approach as she is of the opinion that „the practice without theory is as a blind person on the road and the theory without practice is as a cart without an axle”. The aim of the paper is to extend theoretical information on the topic in the Czech Republic by individual examples of final reports related to the provision of social prevention of the early care in the Czech Republic. The overall aim of the paper is to justify topicality and eligibility of early care in its broad reference framework, including its practical impact. The theoretical basis of the paper is elaborated with respect to the analysis and comparison of Czech and foreign literature, legislation, methodology document and other relevant written resources. The practical level is elaborated with respect to 3 cases and final reports of the provider of an early care of the social prevention. The early care in the Czech Republic represents a professional, modern and recognized system in European and global comparison and is legally anchored in the Act 108/2006 Coll. on social services. It aims on the minimization of child´s disability impact upon child´s development, especially the social inclusion of a child and a family and their capability to cope with limitating disability in natural environ, i.e. by the preservation of standard way of life. It represents a multi-dimensional model, overcoming limitation of sectoral division of the early care and facilitating complex assistance from a series of subject fields at the same time. Services for families with an endangered child in early age are the background for social, educational and pedagogical inclusion of a child and the re-socialisation and re-inclusion of a family. Early care is considered preventive, from the point of the prevention of the second disability (i.e. is effective), in the prevention of institutionalized and asylum care (i.e. is economical), in the prevention of segregation (i.e. is ethical).

Disobeying in Time of Disaster: Radicalism in the French Climate Mobilizations

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-250
Author(s):  
Maxime Gaborit
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Cultural Capital ◽  
Political Socialization ◽  
Civil Disobedience ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Democratic Participation ◽  
Material Damage ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
The Social

Abstract Since 2018, climate mobilizations have been shaping political life in Europe. Young people are at the heart of this mobilization, both because of their massive nationwide presence in intergenerational demonstrations, but also because of their own modes of action, such as the climate strikes that have been emerging since January 2019. Within these mobilizations, forms of radicalism are expressed through an important support for civil disobedience, such as blocking actions, as well as support – for a significant part of protestors – for material damage. This paper analyzes the new forms of youth radicalism in their link to the social determinations of the awareness of the climate catastrophe. Based on a demonstration survey concerning three French cities for the strike of March 15, 2019, and in Paris for the strike of September 20th, which collected more than 1,800 questionnaires, this paper sets out to show the sociological profiles of radical individuals, which distinguish themselves by significant cultural capital and left-wing familial political socialization. The exploitation of the data collected shows that these new forms of radicalism are conditioned by an awareness of the climate emergency, deeply linked to family legacies and specific academic curricula. The radicalization of inherited dispositions leads these individuals to go beyond the legality/illegality framework, and to favor a debate on the effectiveness of the means of action, in which the link with conventional democratic participation is constantly questioned.

scholarly journals Open Innovation Session as a Tool Supporting Innovativeness in Strategies for High-Tech Companies in the Czech Republic

Economies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavla Matulova ◽  
Petra Maresova ◽  
Mohammad Ali Tareq ◽  
Kamil Kuča
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
General Managers

Open innovation has developed over several decades from a small pool of innovation pioneers, mostly active in high-tech industries, to be widely discussed and implemented in innovation strategy. The primary objective of the Open Innovation Session (OIS) is to create a platform where firms are able to facilitate knowledge transfer. This paper focuses on the contribution of OIS, implemented by regional government, in formulating companies’ strategic management and to overcome barriers to innovation for high-tech companies in the South Moravian region of the Czech Republic. The methodology adopted for this paper includes monitoring and analysing the activities of this programme over seven years, followed by a quantitative study using both primary and secondary data. The primary data for the research were gathered through questionnaires, where the respondents were general managers of companies that had at least some experience of an innovation process. Secondary data were taken from the Czech Statistical Office. This paper has found that the association between an aspiration for innovation leadership and expenditure for research and development is high, further that participation in OIS led to a shift in the perception of the objectives, needs and conditions of the business and finally the major barriers to the innovation process are a lack of highly motivated people with the necessary technical and business experience.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of the Perception of the Role of a Social Worker in Hospitals in the Czech Republic and Slovakia during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
P. Laca ◽  
s. Laca
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Social Worker ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
University Education ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Social

This research study is focused on the perception of the role of asocial worker by hospital nurses in the Czech and Slovak Re- public during the COVID-19 pandemic. Aim of the study:The main aim of the research study was to find the opinions of nurses from the Czech and Slovak Repub- lic on asocial worker who works in ahospital during acoron- avirus - COVID-19 pandemic and then compare their opinions in helping patients Research sample and setting:The research sample of the study consisted of 75 nurses with higher professional education (Czech Republic), university education of the first and second degree (Czech Republic, Slovak Republic), who were together with social workers in the front line in hospitals at the time of the coronavirus pandemic COVID-19. All participating respon- dents were informed about the purpose of the research study and the completion of the online questionnaire. Statistical analysis:The mathematical-statistical method chi- square test of the independence of the criteria of individual re- search hypotheses was used to compare the interviewed re- spondents in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Results of the study:Medical staff at the time of the COVID- 19 pandemic was satisfied with the social worker, as evidenced by the research study and their answers in the questionnaire survey. It is clear from the results of the research survey that the participants perceived the social worker positively during the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Social Exclusion and Inclusion in the Czech Republic and in South Africa: Comparison and Facts

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Klára Brožovičová
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Totalitarian Regimes ◽  
The Given

Abstract The article’s aim is to compare the opposite processes of social exclusion and inclusion in South Africa and in the Czech Republic, in the past and at the present time. Even though these societies differ culturally and geographically, the comparison of some important factors, which are causing the exclusion of some people groups, might be interesting. In both cases we will closely follow the social, ethnic and racial groups, which are mostly excluded in the given environment. In South Africa it concerns Black and Coloured Africans, and in the Czech Republic the Roma ethnic minority group, the only ethnic group which is to a high extent excluded. In the history of these two countries we can find a similar historic aspect, both of them had experienced totalitarian regimes. Today, with the benefit of more twenty years, we can see the changes, which both these countries have undergone, and observe as well how these changes influenced the processes of inclusion and exclusion of the given social, racial and ethnic groups.

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