scholarly journals Anaerobic Co-digestion of Pineapple Wastes with Cow Dung: Effect of Different Total Solid Content on Bio-methane Yield

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adila Fazliyana Aili Hamzah ◽  
Muhammad Hazwan Hamzah ◽  
Fauzan Najmi Ahmad Mazlan ◽  
Hasfalina Che Man ◽  
Nur Syakina Jamali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biogas Production ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Total Solid Content ◽  
Pineapple Waste ◽  
Working Volume ◽  
Substrate Ratio

The abundance of agricultural wastes produced from pineapple processing and livestock industries has resulted in the difficulties of disposing of a large amount of waste. Anaerobic digestion is a way to reduce waste and generate renewable energy sources including biogas. In this study, pineapple waste is co-digested with cow dung in batch experiments under mesophilic temperature at 38±1°C at a working volume of 100 ml in 125 ml serum bottle. The effects of the total solid on methane yields are investigated at a different substrate ratio. The batch study is conducted at 3 different total solid which are 12%, 20% and 28% and at three different substrate ratio cow dung to pineapple waste (CD: PW) (1:1, 1:2 and 1:3). Daily biogas collection for 28% total solid at 1:1 ratio results in the highest cumulative biogas production of 313 ml, followed by 28% total solid at 1:3 ratio with 246 ml biogas yield. The highest methane yield is achieved at 12% total solid with a 1:2 ratio (17.19 CH4/g VS). Results show that at 12% total solid produces the highest methane yield at all ratios compared to other total solid percentages. Moreover, methane yield decreases as the total solid percentage increases from 12% to 28%. Overall, the production of methane from pineapple wastes co-digested with cow dung is proven to be a good strategy to minimise solid wastes.

APLIKASI PROSES DIGESTASI ANAEROBIK LUMPUR BIOLOGI INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH INDUSTRI KERTAS

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rina S. Soetopo ◽  
Sri Purwati ◽  
Henggar Hardiani ◽  
Mukharomah Nur Aini ◽  
Krisna Adhitya Wardhana
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Total Solid Content ◽  
Average Value

A continuous pilot scale study has been conducted to investigate the effectiveness of anaerobic digestion of biological sludge. The sludge has a total solid content of 0.53% - 1.1%, pH of 7.20 to 7.32. Its organic content is about 97 %, The research were conducted in two stages, which are acidification (performed in 3 m3 the Continously Stirred Tank Reactor/CSTR at pH of 5.5 to 6.0) and methanation (performed in 5 m3 the Up Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket/UASB reactor at pH 6.5 to 7.0). The retention time (RT) was gradually shortened from 6 days to 1 day for acidification and from 8 days to 2 days for methanation. The results showed that operating the CSTR at the RT of 1 day and the organic loading of 8.23 g Volatile Solid (VS)/m3.day could produce Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA) at an average value of 17.3 g/kg VS.day. Operating the UASB reactor at the RT of 2 days and the organic loading (Chemical Oxygen Demand/COD) of 2.4 kg COD/m3.day could produce biogas at an average value of 66.3 L/day, with an average methane content of 69.9%, methane rate of 0.17 L CH4/g COD reduction or 19.06 L CH4/kg VS. Furthermore, methanation could reduce COD at an average value of 51.2 %, resulting in the effluent average value of COD filtrate and COD total of 210.1 mg/L and 375.2 mg /L, respectively.Keywords: acidification, methanation, CSTR, UASB, biogas ABSTRAKPercobaan digestasi anaerobik lumpur IPAL biologi industri kertas secara kontinyu skala pilot telah dilakukan di industri kertas dengan tujuan mengkaji efektivitas proses digestasi anaerobik dalam mengolah lumpur tersebut. Lumpur yang digunakan memiliki total solids sekitar 0,53% – 1,1%, pH netral (7,20 – 7,32) dengan komponen utama senyawa organik sekitar 97%. Percobaan dilakukan dalam dua tahap yaitu asidifikasi dalam reaktor CSTR berkapasitas 3 m3 pada pH 5,5 – 6,0 dan metanasi dalam reaktor UASB berkapasitas 5 m3 pada pH 6,5 – 7,0. Percobaan dilakukan dengan waktu retensi yang dipersingkat secara bertahap dari 6 hari ke 1 hari untuk proses asidifikasi dan dari 8 hari ke 2 hari untuk proses metanasi. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pengoperasian reaktor CSTR dengan waktu retensi 1 hari dan beban organik 8,3 g VS/m3.hari dapat menghasilkan VFA rata-rata 17,3 g/kg VS.hari dengan kisaran 8,36 – 30,59 g/kg VS.hari, sedangkan pengoperasian reaktor UASB pada waktu retensi 2 hari dan beban organik 2,4 kg COD/m3.hari dapat menghasilkan biogas rata-rata 66,3 L/hari dengan kadar metana rata-rata 69,9% atau 0,17 L CH4/g COD reduksi atau 19,06 L CH4/kg VS. Selain itu proses metanasi dapat menurunkan COD terlarut rata-rata 51,2%, dengan konsentrasi efluen COD terlarut  rata-rata 210,1 mg/L dan COD total rata-rata 375,2 mg/L.Kata kunci: asidifikasi, metanasi, CSTR, UASB, biogas

A simple design and operation for the anaerobic treatment of highly concentrated swine waste in the tropics

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Y. Yang ◽  
M. Kuroshima
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Process ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Total Solid Content ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Biological Reaction ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Small Producers

In order to develop a simple operation for an anaerobic treatment process for highly concentrated pig wastewater for small producers, a three-stage anaerobic treatment process was investigated. The system provided a series of mixing, homogenization, biological reaction and final stabilization of concentrated pig waste (total solid content of 8–10%). The process provided a stable operational performance, simple operational procedure and well stabilized sludge effluent. It was also found that the system is economically feasible in Hawaii. Compared to the other treatment processes for highly concentrated pig waste, this process is considered as an appropriate alternative for the application of the small producers in land limited and tropical conditions. Also, the present treatment system can be easily developed into a prefabricated package plant which can minimize the on-site labor and building costs.

Composition of beagle dog milk

1960 ◽  
Vol 199 (4) ◽  
pp. 731-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack R. Luick ◽  
Harold R. Parker ◽  
A. C. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Study ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Total Solid Content ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Beagle Dog ◽  
The Mean

A statistical study has been made of the composition of the major C-containing compounds taken from beagle dog milk during the 3rd through 5th week of lactation. The mean values are as follows: 26% total solids, 13% fat, 3.3% lactose and 9.8% protein. Total solid content was found to vary with fat content according to the equation: % total solids = 15.6 + 0.85 % fat.

Preparation of an Active Packaging Material and its Application on Strawberry Preservation

2015 ◽  
Vol 1120-1121 ◽  
pp. 643-647
Author(s):  
Ya Bo Fu ◽  
Wen Cai Xu ◽  
Lu Fu ◽  
Dong Li Li ◽  
Jian Qing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Control Release ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Active Packaging ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Total Solid Content ◽  
Taste Evaluation ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Fruit Preservation ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Storage Temperatures

To reduce the loss of fresh fruits during transportation and storage, an active packaging (AP) material which could control release fungicide was prepared by melting, blowing film and composite method firstly. Then, its preservation effects on strawberry at different storage temperatures were investigated systematically. Several properties of preserved strawberries were measured periodically, including gas concentration of the package atmosphere and the physiological parameters contains decay rate, total solid content, as well as the sensory and taste evaluation were measured. The experimental results show that this AP material is helpful to fruit preservation, especially at lower temperature. It can prohibit the strawberry respiration, retard fungus growth and thus significantly extend the shelf-life of fresh strawberry.

Dynamic effect of total solid content, low substrate/inoculum ratio and particle size on solid-state anaerobic digestion

2013 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 141-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-C. Motte ◽  
R. Escudié ◽  
N. Bernet ◽  
J.-P. Delgenes ◽  
J.-P. Steyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Dynamic Effect ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Total Solid Content

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of Small Nucleolar RNAs and Their Roles in Regulating Latex Regeneration in the Rubber Tree (Hevea brasiliensis)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Chen ◽  
Zhi Deng ◽  
Dingwei Yu ◽  
Xiaofei Zhang ◽  
Zewei An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Computational Prediction ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Small Nucleolar Rnas ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Total Solid Content ◽  
Nuclear Rna ◽  
Latex Regeneration ◽  
Nucleolar Rnas

Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are a class of conserved nuclear RNAs that play important roles in the modification of ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) in plants. In rubber trees, rRNAs are run off with latex flow during tapping and need to be regenerated for maintaining the functions of the laticifer cells. SnoRNAs are expected to play essential roles in the regeneration of rRNAs. However, snoRNAs in the rubber tree have not been sufficiently characterized thus far. In this study, we performed nuclear RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to identify snoRNAs globally and investigate their roles in latex regeneration. We identified a total of 3,626 snoRNAs by computational prediction with nuclear RNA-seq data. Among these snoRNAs, 50 were highly expressed in latex; furthermore, the results of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed the abundant expression of 31 of these snoRNAs in latex. The correlation between snoRNA expression and adjusted total solid content (TSC/C) identified 13 positively yield-correlated snoRNAs. To improve the understanding of latex regeneration in rubber trees, we developed a novel insulated tapping system (ITS), which only measures the latex regenerated in specific laticifers. Using this system, a laticifer-abundant snoRNA, HbsnoR28, was found to be highly correlated with latex regeneration. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to globally identify snoRNAs that might be involved in latex regeneration regulation and provide new clues for unraveling the mechanisms underlying the regulation of latex regeneration.

scholarly journals Accelerating ripening of Iranian white brined cheesesusing liposome-encapsulated and free proteinases

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 4966-4971
Keyword(s):  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Potential Treatment ◽  
Total Solid Content ◽  
Heating Method ◽  
Ripening Time

The role of liposome encapsulated flavourzymes on the ripening acceleration of Iranian white brined cheese has been studied. Liposomal enzymes (made by heating method) had a better performance than free enzymes, resulting in cheeses with lower total solid content and a higher concentration of soluble nitrogen (pH 4.6 and 12.5% trichloroacetic acid) through the ripening period (30 days at 12 oC). The ripening time could be shortened for 10 to 20 days. The entrapment efficiency and diameter of the liposomal enzyme were 26.5% and 189 nm, respectively. The proposed technology could be a potential treatment for the acceleration of Iranian white brined cheeses ripening.

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