Composition of beagle dog milk

A statistical study has been made of the composition of the major C-containing compounds taken from beagle dog milk during the 3rd through 5th week of lactation. The mean values are as follows: 26% total solids, 13% fat, 3.3% lactose and 9.8% protein. Total solid content was found to vary with fat content according to the equation: % total solids = 15.6 + 0.85 % fat.

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SOME PROPERTIES OF NORMAL CHICK ALLANTOIC FLUID IN RELATION TO INFLUENZA VIRUS HEMAGGLUTINATION

Canadian Journal of Research ◽

10.1139/cjr50e-018 ◽

1950 ◽

Vol 28e (3) ◽

pp. 113-120 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. R. Polley ◽

M. M. Burr ◽

A. L. Gillen

Keyword(s):

Influenza Virus ◽

Incubation Time ◽

Allantoic Fluid ◽

Total Solid ◽

Solid Content ◽

Total Solid Content ◽

Total Solids ◽

Hemagglutination Titer ◽

Decreasing Ph

The pH, oxidation–reduction potential, total solids, nonspecific hemagglutination titer, and the titer of the inhibitor of influenza virus hemagglutination have been determined in the normal allantoic fluid of the chick embryo as the incubation time increased. These determinations were repeated after the allantoic fluid had been stored for 48 hr. at 0 °C. It was found that as the incubation time increased (1) the pH decreased progressively, (2) the Eh remained positive throughout, (3) the total solid content increased, (4) the nonspecific hemagglutination titer remained negligible, (5) the inhibition titer increased rapidly. Storage for 48 hr. at 0 °C. produced no change other than a small rise in the pH. By buffering the allantoic fluid in vivo, it appeared that the increasing inhibition titer was not directly related to the decreasing pH. The inhibition titer of the allantoic fluid was not decreased after dialysis, indicating that it is not affected by the amount of urates in the fluid. Thus it appears that the inhibition titer is related directly to a component of the increasing total solids which is unidentified as yet.

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Alteration of Basic Quality Attributes of Set Yogurts as Added Sugar and Milk Fat Reduction

Asian Food Science Journal ◽

10.9734/afsj/2020/v17i130183 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 24-37

Author(s):

Imanthika Dias ◽

Amanda Sajiwanie ◽

Udaya Rathnayaka

Keyword(s):

Milk Fat ◽

Total Solid ◽

Quality Attributes ◽

Fat Content ◽

Solid Content ◽

Total Solid Content ◽

Added Sugar ◽

Texture Profile ◽

Fermentation Kinetics ◽

Sugar Levels

Fat and sugar-free is a popular health claim for yogurts. However, eliminating these two components may alter the inherent quality attributes of the product. Knowledge of these alteration patterns is vital in the product development process. Present study was designed using general full factorial design, with two factors (and levels) as milk fat (0%, 1.5%, and 3.3%) and added sugar (0%, 3.5%, and 7%) to investigate individual and combined effects of fat and sugar levels on fermentation kinetics, total solid content, instrumental color values, lactic acid bacterial viability, texture profile, and rheology of set yogurt. Milk fat 3.3% and added sugar 7% yogurt was considered as the control. Results showed that fermentation kinetics not largely influenced by fat levels. Fermentation time not significantly differ with the fat/sugar alteration. Total solid content increase with milk fat and added sugar levels. Whiteness (L*) of the yogurt reduces with milk fat content but not significantly affected by added sugar levels. Yogurt bacteria counts were reduced with added sugar and milk fat levels. Full cream low sugar (3.3%, 3.5%) better texture profile over full cream high sugar (3.3%,7%) yogurts. Texture integrity reduces with the reduction of fat content. The consistency index also increased with fat levels. Both milk fat and added sugar have interaction effects on tested quality parameters. Accordingly, the reduction of added sugar and milk fat is favorably influenced some quality attributes of yogurt.

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Heavy Metal, pH, and Total Solid Content of Maple Sap and Syrup Produced in Eastern Canada

Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL ◽

10.1093/jaoac/72.4.674 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 72 (4) ◽

pp. 674-676 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Robin A Robinson ◽

Kenneth S Maclean ◽

Henry M Macconnell

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Total Solid ◽

Solid Content ◽

Eastern Canada ◽

Total Solid Content ◽

Total Solids ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Solids Content ◽

Maple Sap

Abstract Maple sap and syrups in eastern Canada were analyzed for pH, total solids, and the heavy metals Cu, Fe, Pb, and Zn. The levels of heavy metals found were within the range normally contained in food and water samples except for Pb. The concentration factor found in reducing sap to syrup did not reflect the same concentration change for the measured parameters. This indicates removal or conversion of heavy metals and organic acids with the sugar sands. There was no statistical difference among provinces with respect to the heavy metal, pH, and total solids content of sap. The only significant difference in syrup occurred with Cu and this appeared to be the result of the processing procedure. As the season progressed, the Cu, Pb, pH, and total solids content of the sap decreased while Zn increased and Fe showed little change. Syrups reflected a similar change. Statistical differences occurred in sap composition among sites within each province.

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PHARMACOGNOSTICAL AND PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF AAVAARAI VIDHAI CHOORANAM

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i10.19422 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 111

Author(s):

Uma Ks ◽

Parthiban P ◽

Kalpana S

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Total Solid ◽

Fat Content ◽

Solid Content ◽

Reducing Sugar ◽

Total Sugar ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Total Solid Content ◽

Trial Drug

Objective: To study the organoleptic characters, physio chemical properties and preliminary phytochemicals screening of Siddha formulations Aavaarai Vidhai Chooranam (AVC).Methods: The study drug, AVC was prepared as per procedure given in the text Neerizhivu maruthuvam. Organoleptic characteristics were assessed by appearance, colour, taste and odour. The physiochemical property of trial drug was screened for moisture content, total ash value, acid insoluble ash, water soluble extractive value, alcohol soluble extractive value, pH, reducing sugar, total sugar, total solid content and fat content. Preliminary Phytochemical evaluation of AVC was carried out by the standard procedure. The drug was screened for alkaloids, amino acids & proteins, anthraxquinone, carbohydrate, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols quinones, resins, saponins, steroids tanins, terpenoids and sugar. For which the aqueous extraction of the trial drug was taken by dissolving the 5 g of sample with 50 ml of distilled water and heated over water bath at 60°C. Then extract was filtered and used the filtrates for testing.Results: The trial drug, AVC shown organoleptic characters as per literature evidence, physiochemical properties as moisture content, total ash value, acid insoluble ash, water soluble extractive value, alcohol soluble extractive value, pH, reducing sugar, total sugar, total solid content and fat content were found within normal limits, preliminary phytochemical test showed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, steroids, terpenoids, alkaloids, carbohydrate, proteins, phenols and sugar.Conclusion: Organoleptic characters, physio chemical properties and preliminary photochemica shows that the drug has the quality and potency to treat against diabetes mellitus. To confirm this activity, further research should be done to assess the safety and efficacy of the drug AVC.

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Implanting melatonin at lambing enhances lamb growth and maintains high fat content in milk

10.21203/rs.3.rs-361387/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

José Alfonso Abecia ◽

Silvia Luis ◽

Francisco Canto

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Milk Fat ◽

High Growth ◽

Total Solid ◽

Fat Content ◽

High Growth Rate ◽

Solid Content ◽

Artificial Rearing ◽

Melatonin Treatment ◽

Total Solid Content

Abstract Three experiments were designed to study the effects of melatonin implantation of ewes and lambs after lambing on the growth of lambs and milk quality throughout lactation. In experiment 1, 53 lambs either did (n = 28) or did not (n = 25) receive a subcutaneous 18-mg melatonin implant. In experiment 2, 55 lambs and their mothers either did (lambs: n = 28; ewes: n = 15) or did not (lambs: n = 27; ewes: n = 16) receive a melatonin implant. Milk samples were collected at 15, 30, and 45 d after lambing. In experiment 3, 16 lambs were separated from their mothers 24 h after birth, moved to an artificial rearing unit, and either did (n = 9) or did not (n = 7) receive a melatonin implant. In the three experiments, implants were inserted 24 h after lambing, and lambs were weighed (LW) weekly until weaning. Average daily gains (ADG) from birth to weaning were calculated. Melatonin treatment of lambs did not have a significant effect on LW at weaning or ADG, but lambs reared by implanted ewes in experiment 2 presented higher (P < 0.05) LW (± S.E.M.) at weaning and ADG than did lambs reared by control ewes. At day 45 of lactation, milk fat and total solid content were higher (P < 0.05) in implanted ewes than in control ewes. In conclusion, melatonin treatment of ewes at lambing induced a high growth rate of their lambs and increased the fat content of the milk; however, the direct treatment with melatonin of the lambs at birth did not have an effect in their growth rate.

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APLIKASI PROSES DIGESTASI ANAEROBIK LUMPUR BIOLOGI INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH INDUSTRI KERTAS

JURNAL SELULOSA ◽

10.25269/jsel.v4i02.64 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (02) ◽

Author(s):

Rina S. Soetopo ◽

Sri Purwati ◽

Henggar Hardiani ◽

Mukharomah Nur Aini ◽

Krisna Adhitya Wardhana

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Demand ◽

Total Solid ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Organic Content ◽

Solid Content ◽

Uasb Reactor ◽

Anaerobic Sludge ◽

Organic Loading ◽

Total Solid Content ◽

Average Value

A continuous pilot scale study has been conducted to investigate the effectiveness of anaerobic digestion of biological sludge. The sludge has a total solid content of 0.53% - 1.1%, pH of 7.20 to 7.32. Its organic content is about 97 %, The research were conducted in two stages, which are acidification (performed in 3 m3 the Continously Stirred Tank Reactor/CSTR at pH of 5.5 to 6.0) and methanation (performed in 5 m3 the Up Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket/UASB reactor at pH 6.5 to 7.0). The retention time (RT) was gradually shortened from 6 days to 1 day for acidification and from 8 days to 2 days for methanation. The results showed that operating the CSTR at the RT of 1 day and the organic loading of 8.23 g Volatile Solid (VS)/m3.day could produce Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA) at an average value of 17.3 g/kg VS.day. Operating the UASB reactor at the RT of 2 days and the organic loading (Chemical Oxygen Demand/COD) of 2.4 kg COD/m3.day could produce biogas at an average value of 66.3 L/day, with an average methane content of 69.9%, methane rate of 0.17 L CH4/g COD reduction or 19.06 L CH4/kg VS. Furthermore, methanation could reduce COD at an average value of 51.2 %, resulting in the effluent average value of COD filtrate and COD total of 210.1 mg/L and 375.2 mg /L, respectively.Keywords: acidification, methanation, CSTR, UASB, biogas ABSTRAKPercobaan digestasi anaerobik lumpur IPAL biologi industri kertas secara kontinyu skala pilot telah dilakukan di industri kertas dengan tujuan mengkaji efektivitas proses digestasi anaerobik dalam mengolah lumpur tersebut. Lumpur yang digunakan memiliki total solids sekitar 0,53% – 1,1%, pH netral (7,20 – 7,32) dengan komponen utama senyawa organik sekitar 97%. Percobaan dilakukan dalam dua tahap yaitu asidifikasi dalam reaktor CSTR berkapasitas 3 m3 pada pH 5,5 – 6,0 dan metanasi dalam reaktor UASB berkapasitas 5 m3 pada pH 6,5 – 7,0. Percobaan dilakukan dengan waktu retensi yang dipersingkat secara bertahap dari 6 hari ke 1 hari untuk proses asidifikasi dan dari 8 hari ke 2 hari untuk proses metanasi. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pengoperasian reaktor CSTR dengan waktu retensi 1 hari dan beban organik 8,3 g VS/m3.hari dapat menghasilkan VFA rata-rata 17,3 g/kg VS.hari dengan kisaran 8,36 – 30,59 g/kg VS.hari, sedangkan pengoperasian reaktor UASB pada waktu retensi 2 hari dan beban organik 2,4 kg COD/m3.hari dapat menghasilkan biogas rata-rata 66,3 L/hari dengan kadar metana rata-rata 69,9% atau 0,17 L CH4/g COD reduksi atau 19,06 L CH4/kg VS. Selain itu proses metanasi dapat menurunkan COD terlarut rata-rata 51,2%, dengan konsentrasi efluen COD terlarut rata-rata 210,1 mg/L dan COD total rata-rata 375,2 mg/L.Kata kunci: asidifikasi, metanasi, CSTR, UASB, biogas

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A simple design and operation for the anaerobic treatment of highly concentrated swine waste in the tropics

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1995.0466 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 32 (12) ◽

pp. 91-97 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P. Y. Yang ◽

M. Kuroshima

Keyword(s):

Treatment Process ◽

Total Solid ◽

Anaerobic Treatment ◽

Solid Content ◽

Total Solid Content ◽

Treatment Processes ◽

Tropical Conditions ◽

Biological Reaction ◽

The Tropics ◽

Small Producers

In order to develop a simple operation for an anaerobic treatment process for highly concentrated pig wastewater for small producers, a three-stage anaerobic treatment process was investigated. The system provided a series of mixing, homogenization, biological reaction and final stabilization of concentrated pig waste (total solid content of 8–10%). The process provided a stable operational performance, simple operational procedure and well stabilized sludge effluent. It was also found that the system is economically feasible in Hawaii. Compared to the other treatment processes for highly concentrated pig waste, this process is considered as an appropriate alternative for the application of the small producers in land limited and tropical conditions. Also, the present treatment system can be easily developed into a prefabricated package plant which can minimize the on-site labor and building costs.

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Preparation of an Active Packaging Material and its Application on Strawberry Preservation

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1120-1121.643 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1120-1121 ◽

pp. 643-647

Author(s):

Ya Bo Fu ◽

Wen Cai Xu ◽

Lu Fu ◽

Dong Li Li ◽

Jian Qing Wang

Keyword(s):

Control Release ◽

Total Solid ◽

Active Packaging ◽

Solid Content ◽

Total Solid Content ◽

Taste Evaluation ◽

Lower Temperature ◽

Fruit Preservation ◽

And Storage ◽

Storage Temperatures

To reduce the loss of fresh fruits during transportation and storage, an active packaging (AP) material which could control release fungicide was prepared by melting, blowing film and composite method firstly. Then, its preservation effects on strawberry at different storage temperatures were investigated systematically. Several properties of preserved strawberries were measured periodically, including gas concentration of the package atmosphere and the physiological parameters contains decay rate, total solid content, as well as the sensory and taste evaluation were measured. The experimental results show that this AP material is helpful to fruit preservation, especially at lower temperature. It can prohibit the strawberry respiration, retard fungus growth and thus significantly extend the shelf-life of fresh strawberry.

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QUALITY EVALUATION OF YOGURT PRODUCED COMMERCIALLY IN ONTARIO

Journal of Milk and Food Technology ◽

10.4315/0022-2747-35.3.173 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 173-175 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

C. L. Duttschaever ◽

D. R. Arnott ◽

D. H. Bullock

Keyword(s):

Quality Evaluation ◽

Fat Content ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Total Solids ◽

Ph Values ◽

The Mean

Analyses for fat, total solids, solids-not-fat (SNF), pH, and net weight were conducted on 152 yogurts of which 15 were unflavored. These yogurts were produced by 13 different manufacturers and sold in Ontario. The fat content of all samples varied from 0.9 to 3.6% with a mean of 1.98%. For the plain yogurt, the mean fat percentage was 2.46%. The SNF content of all samples ranged from 10.0 to 28.9% with a mean of 18.96%. For the plain yogurt, the mean SNF percentage was 13.40. The pH values for all samples varied from 3.27 to 4.53. The mean overweight for all samples was 7.2% with as much as 15% for one manufacturer.

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