scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF CARCINOGENIC RISK TO PUBLIC HEALTH WHEN USING GROUNDWATER WITH HIGH ARSENIC CONTENT AS SOURCES OF DRINKING WATER SUPPLY ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE REPUBLIC OF DAGESTAN

2019 ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
T. O. Abdulmutalimova
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Arsenic Content ◽  
The Republic ◽  
High Arsenic

scholarly journals Cyanotoxins in drinking water supply reservoir (Legedadi, Central Ethiopia): implications for public health safety

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Habtemariam ◽  
Demeke Kifle ◽  
Seyoum Leta ◽  
Wendy Beekman ◽  
Miquel Lürling
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Algal Bloom ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Supply Source

AbstractCyanobacterial blooms in drinking water supply affect its quality, which ultimately impacts ecosystem and public health. Thus, this cross-sectional study was conducted to perform a preliminary study on cyanotoxins via analysis of samples collected only once from two sites during the month of peak algal bloom and to subsequently prompt a comprehensive risk assessment in a major drinking water source, Legedadi Reservoir, of Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia. Samples were collected during peak algal bloom month (January 2018) from two sampling sites, near the dam (S1) and at the center of the reservoir (S2). Identification and enumeration of phytoplankton taxa were done and the measurement of common hepatotoxin (MCs and NOD) concentrations was conducted using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In the reservoir, cyanobacteria made up to 98% of total phytoplankton abundance, with Dolichospermum and Microcystis spp, dominating the phytoplankton community. In these first cyanotoxin analyses conducted for a drinking water supply source in Ethiopia, six major MC variants, namely MC-dmRR, MC-RR, MC-YR, MC-dmLR, MC-LR, and MC-LA, were detected in both algal seston and water samples. MC-LR was the most dominant MCs variant, while nodularin was not detected for both sampling sites. Extracellular total MC concentrations (μg L−1) of 453.89 and 61.63 and intracellular total MC concentrations (μg L−1) of 189.29 and 112.34 were recorded for samples from S1 and S2, respectively. The high concentrations of extracellular MCs, with MC-LR constituting the greatest proportion, indicate the extremely high potential public health risk for end-users.

scholarly journals SANITARY AND HYGIENIC STATE OF SOURCES OF DRINKING WATER SUPPLY IN THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN AND THE WAYS OF ITS IMPROVEMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 675-682
Author(s):  
Khuseyn Nazarovich Egamnazarov ◽  
◽  
Nargis Buorikovna Bakhtiyorova ◽  
Ikrom Davronzoda ◽  
Kamil Nizamovich Daburov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
The Republic

scholarly journals The forecast of the change of water quality of the Zeravshan River under the conditions of Uzbekistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
Iskandarova Sh.T. ◽  
Usmanov I.A.
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
River Pollution ◽  
The State ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
The Republic

The purpose of the research is to develop measures for the protection of the Zeravshan river, which is used as an industrial and drinking water supply for the population of several regions of the Republic. Studies have established that the main source of river pollution is industrial enterprise «Navoiazot», which produces mineral fertilizers for needs of agriculture. Discharge of wastewater into the water, leads to pollution of water, and the quality does not correspond to the state standard specification about sources of centralized drinking water supply, about hygienic, technical requirements. At the same time, harmful chemicals are found in the water of the Zeravshan river, which are 2...9 times higher than the MPC installed on them. The medium-term forecast showed that by 2025 the ecological state of the Zeravshan river will not be improved, due to the fact that the production of mineral fertilizers is planned to be increased. In this regard, recommendations on the protection of the Zeravshan river have been developed, which will help to improve the monitoring of the state of the water body and improve the conditions of water use of the population.

scholarly journals About development of control levels of specific total alpha-activity in water samples for a number of sources of the centralized economic and drinking water supply in the Republic of Khakassia

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2(св)) ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
A. A. Pivovarov ◽  
E. A. Pivovarova ◽  
V. E. Kurganov
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Radiation Safety ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Alpha Activity ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
The Republic

The aim of the work is to develop control levels of specific total alpha-activity of water samples for a number of sources of centralized drinking water supply in the Republic of Khakassia on the basis of the results of long-term laboratory studies. Materials and methods. The analysis is carried out on the basis of the results of laboratory studies of water sources of centralized drinking water supply of the population of the Republic of Khakassia, performed by accredited testing laboratories of institutions of the state sanitary and epidemiological service of the Republic for the period from 2001 to 2018, using alpha-beta radiometric, alpha-spectrometric methods with radiochemical preparation of counting samples, gamma-spectrometric method. The control levels of specific total alpha-activity of water samples from the sources of centralized drinking water supply in the Republic of Khakassia were established by the statistical maximum – the sum of the average value with a doubled standard deviation, with the volume of research more than 30, and the maximum value with the volume of research less than 30. Results. About half of the studied water samples from the sources of the centralized drinking water supply of the Republic of Khakassia, annually, are noted with exceeding the control level of specific total alpha-activity (0,2 Bq/kg). The values obtained in the studied samples vary up to 5,57 Bq/kg. During the observation period, samples of water exceeding the reference level of specific total alpha-activity (0.2 Bq/kg) were identified in settlements of the Altai, Askizsky, Beysky, Bogradsky, Ordzhonikidzevsky, Tashtypsky, Ust–Abakansky, Shira districts and the city of Sorsk, smt. Prigorsk (Chernogorsk). In previous studies, it was found that high levels of specific total alpha-activity in the country are mainly due to natural radionuclides uranium-238 (238U), uranium-234 (234U). In a number of settlements of the Republic, the sum of the ratio of specific activities of natural radionuclides to the corresponding levels of intervention exceeds 1,0. Average annual individual effective doses of internal exposure to natural radionuclides of drinking water, at or above 0,1 mSv/year (values in the range of 0,1-0,2 mSv/year), which does not require urgent radiation protection measures. At the same time, monitoring of indicators of radiation safety of water sources of water supply should be carried out in accordance with the established requirements. In this connection, in order to improve control, for the rapid assessment of the radiation situation and making timely decisions to ensure radiation safety of the population, the calculation of control levels of specific total alpha-activity was carried out. As a result of calculations, specific values of control levels for each of water source were obtained. The calculated values range from 0,2 to 2,6 Bq/kg. Conclusion. The control levels are “site standards” and are calculated for each of the source of water supply. Their excess will be considered as a signal of “negative change” of the radiation situation”, which may be associated with an increase of the specific activities of 234U, 238U, or the appearance of highly radiotoxic radionuclides: 226Ra, 210Po, 228Ra.

scholarly journals Review of 130 years of research on cyanobacteria in aquatic ecosystems in Serbia presented in a Serbian Cyanobacterial Database

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zorica Svirčev ◽  
Nada Tokodi ◽  
Damjana Drobac
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The Republic

<p>The presence of toxic cyanobacteria in aquatic ecosystems in the territory of the Republic of Serbia was surveyed over a period of several decades. Increasing attention is being paid to some negative consequences that may be caused by these microorganisms. Information from available literary sources regarding the distribution and frequency of cyanobacteria and their toxins over a period of 130 years, together with the effects on humans and wildlife in aquatic ecosystems, were gathered and incorporated into a Serbian Cyanobacterial Database created for the CYANOCOST Action. This database encompasses information on 65 aquatic ecosystems, including rivers, lakes, ponds, canals, irrigation reservoirs, reservoirs used for drinking water supply and reservoirs used for other purposes. Cyanobacterial blooms were found in almost 80% of the investigated aquatic ecosystems. The analysis of the research showed the presence of more than 70 species, including blooms of 24 species from 13 genera. Five species of cyanobacteria: <em>Microcystis aeruginosa</em>, <em>Aphanizomenon flos-aquae</em>, <em>Planktothrix agardhii</em>, <em>Microcystis flos-aquae</em> and <em>Planktothrix rubescens</em> frequently formed blooms in the investigated waterbodies and cyanotoxins were also detected in some of them, which had certain negative effects. Here, we present an overview of data contained in the Serbian Cyanobacterial Database, concerning cyanobacterial distribution, cyanotoxin production and associated biological effects in different types of water bodies from the Republic of Serbia. Also, recent important and major cases of cyanobacterial blooming in reservoirs used for drinking water supply: at Vrutci and Ćelije, the Aleksandrovac irrigation reservoir, the Ponjavica River and Lake Palić, including systematic research on the Lake Ludoš and few fishponds are further described. It can be concluded that cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins are omnipresent in different water bodies throughout the Republic of Serbia. For these reasons it is imperative to continue with the monitoring of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins, as well as to continuously supplement the established database with new information. The Serbian Cyanobacterial Database represents a treasury of information on cyanobacteria and their toxins, and as a model for other countries in the region and beyond. </p>

scholarly journals Health Risk of Polonium 210 Ingestion via Drinking Water: An Experience of Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minhaz Ahmed ◽  
Lubna Alam ◽  
Che Mohamed ◽  
Mazlin Mokhtar ◽  
Goh Ta
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
World Health ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Langat River

The presence of toxic polonium-210 (Po-210) in the environment is due to the decay of primordial uranium-238. Meanwhile, several studies have reported elevated Po-210 radioactivity in the rivers around the world due to both natural and anthropogenic factors. However, the primary source of Po-210 in Langat River, Malaysia might be the natural weathering of granite rock along with mining, agriculture and industrial activities. Hence, this is the first study to determine the Po-210 activity in the drinking water supply chain in the Langat River Basin to simultaneously predict the human health risks of Po-210 ingestion. Therefore, water samples were collected in 2015–2016 from the four stages of the water supply chain to analyze by Alpha Spectrometry. Determined Po-210 activity, along with the influence of environmental parameters such as time-series rainfall, flood incidents and water flow data (2005–2015), was well within the maximum limit for drinking water quality standard proposed by the Ministry of Health Malaysia and World Health Organization. Moreover, the annual effective dose of Po-210 ingestion via drinking water supply chain indicates an acceptable carcinogenic risk for the populations in the Langat Basin at 95% confidence level; however, the estimated annual effective dose at the basin is higher than in many countries. Although several studies assume the carcinogenic risk of Po-210 ingestion to humans for a long time even at low activity, however, there is no significant causal study which links Po-210 ingestion via drinking water and cancer risk of the human. Since the conventional coagulation method is unable to remove Po-210 entirely from the treated water, introducing a two-layer water filtration system at the basin can be useful to achieve SDG target 6.1 of achieving safe drinking water supplies well before 2030, which might also be significant for other countries.

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