scholarly journals Effect of the Root Zone Temperature and Salt Stress on Plant Growth, Main Branches and some other Chemical Characteristics of Tomato Fruit Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. memory

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-170
Author(s):  
Dhulfiqar J. Hmiz ◽  
Ihsan J. Ithbayyib
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Phenol Content ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Zone Temperature

In order to study the impact of salt stress (0, 1.5, 3 and 6) ds.m-1 in nutrient’s solution on tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. memory) at different root zone temperature [low (20°C), medium (25°C) and high (30°C)], an experiment was carried at Department of Horticultural, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran. The result showed that low and high root zone heating decreased leaf area, total sugar and phenol content compared to root zone temperature 25°C (optimum), while main branches number, pH, E.C. and anthocyanin of fruit ,increased at high root zone temperature compared to low root zone temperature. Flavonoid increased under the root zone temperature of 20°C in comparison with temperatures 25 and 30°C, and stem diameter was not affected by root zone heating. Furthermore, salt stress at the level of 3 ds.m-1 increased stem diameter, total sugar, pH and EC of fruit, leaf area and phenol content, whereas salt stress at a high level (6 ds.m-1) increased flavonoid content. Besides, anthocyanin content decreased in control and salt stress at 6 ds.m-1 when compared to salt stress at 3 ds.m-1.

scholarly journals Effect of the Root Zone Temperature and Salt Stress on Plant Growth, Main Branches and some other Chemical Characteristics of Tomato Fruit

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 170-181
Author(s):  
Dhulfiqar J. Hmiz ◽  
Gholamhossein Davarynejad ◽  
Bahram Abedi ◽  
Ihsn J. Ithbayyib
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Phenol Content ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Zone Temperature

In order to study the impact of salt stress (0, 1.5, 3 and 6) ds.m-1 in nutrient’s solution on tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. memory) at different root zone temperature [low (20°C), medium (25°C) and high (30°C)], an experiment was carried at Department of Horticultural, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran. The result showed that low and high root zone heating decreased leaf area, total sugar and phenol content compared to root zone temperature 25°C (optimum), while main branches number, pH, E.C. and anthocyanin of fruit increased at high root zone temperature compared to low root zone temperature. Flavonoid increased under the root zone temperature of 20°C in comparison with temperatures 25 and 30°C, and stem diameter was not affected by root zone heating. Furthermore, salt stress at the level of 3 ds.m-1 increased stem diameter, total sugar, pH and EC of fruit, leaf area and phenol content, whereas salt stress at a high level (6 ds.m-1) increased flavonoid content. Besides, anthocyanin content decreased in control and salt stress at 6 ds.m-1 when compared to salt stress  at 3 ds.m-1.

Comparative responses of soybean (Glycine max), sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia), and Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) to root zone and aerial temperatures

Weed Science ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn R. Wright ◽  
Harold D. Coble ◽  
C. David Raper ◽  
Thomas W. Rufty
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Aerial Temperature ◽  
Zone Temperature

Experiments were conducted to compare germination efficiencies and vegetative growth of soybean and the competing weed species, sicklepod and Palmer amaranth, over a range of temperatures in the root zone and aerial environments. From genetic origins we hypothesized that the weeds would have a higher temperature optimum, which would help explain competitive interactions seen in the southeastern U.S. Germination experiments indicated that germination efficiency of the weeds was much more sensitive to low temperature than soybean, being markedly inhibited below 18 C. Similarly, experiments in an automated, temperature-controlled hydroponic system revealed that the weed species were less tolerant of low root zone temperature but more tolerant of high root zone temperature than soybean. At 16 C, dry weight of soybean was 74% of the control dry weight at 24 C, whereas dry weights of sicklepod and Palmer amaranth were 5 and 20% of the control, respectively. At 32 C, soybean root dry weight was only 80% of the 24 C treatment, whereas root dry weight of the weed species was not significantly different. When plants were grown at a low aerial temperature, growth of all plants was strongly inhibited] but the negative effects were somewhat more severe in the weed species than with soybean. An increase in aerial temperature from 26/22 C to 34/30 C (day/night) had a positive influence on dry matter accumulation of the weed species, stimulating sicklepod 150 to 200% and Palmer amaranth 150 to 1,600% compared to their respective controls, whereas soybean remained at about 80 to 90% of the control. All species grew taller with increasing temperature. Leaf area of the weeds increased but leaf area of soybean did not increase. Consistent with our original hypothesis, the results clearly show that the weeds, which originate from warm geographical regions, respond more negatively than soybean to low temperatures in the growth environment but more positively to high temperatures. The temperature characteristics help to explain why the intensity of weed pressure increases as the soybean growing season progresses, even after canopy closure.

EFFECTS OF SUPPLEMENTAL LIGHTING AND ROOT-ZONE TEMPERATURE ON GROWTH OF CHRYSANTHEMUMS IN NUTRIENT FILM

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 585-590
Author(s):  
PETER R. HICKLENTON
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Supplemental Lighting ◽  
Zone Temperature

Winter (8 Nov. – 16 Jan) and spring (28 Feb. – 8 May) crops of Chrysanthemum morifolium ’Polaris’ were grown in nutrient film culture in greenhouses. Supplemental high pressure sodium lighting (80 μmol s−1 m−2) was provided to half the plants in each crop during the first 21 d of growth while root zone temperature (RZT) was maintained at either 12, 20 or 28 °C for the duration of the production period. Root and shoot dry weights and leaf area were increased by supplemental lighting when measured at the end of the vegetative growth stage (14 long days). At maturity, flower and vegetative dry weight, stem length, leaf area and flower number were increased by early supplemental lighting. For stem length and flower dry weight the beneficial effects were greater for the winter crop. Leaf area and root dry weight were reduced at 12 °C RZT, particularly under supplemental lighting. Flower buds were formed more rapidly on plants grown under supplemental lighting and for those grown at 20 or 28 °C RZT. Increasing RZT from 12 to 20 °C was generally more beneficial than an increase from 20 to 28 °C for both vegetative and flower traits.Key words: Chrysanthemum morifolium, irradiance, solution culture, hydrophonics, cut flowers

scholarly journals 326 High Root-zone Temperature Inhibits Strawberry Reproductive and Vegetative Growth and Development

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 499B-499
Author(s):  
Melita Marion Biela ◽  
Gail R. Nonnecke ◽  
William R. Graves ◽  
Harry T. Horner
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Leaf Dry Mass ◽  
Zone Temperature

High temperatures are reported to promote day-neutral strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) vegetative growth and development and inhibit floral and fruit development, thereby imposing geographic and temporal limitations on fruit production. Day-neutral strawberry response to air temperature has been researched, but specific responses to temperature in the root zone have not. In a 1998 greenhouse experiment, 60 `Tristar' plants were grown hydroponically in a system of individual, temperature-controlled pots. A randomized complete-block design with constant root-zone treatments of 11, 17, 23, 29, and 35 °C and 12 replications were used. Stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were significantly lower for plants at 35 °C, compared with plants at all other temperatures. Leaf area and leaf dry mass of plants at 35 °C were five and four times smaller, respectively, than the combined mean for plants in all other treatments. Leaf area of runner tips was 450 and 44.5 cm2 at 11 and 35 °C, respectively, compared with that of plants at all other temperatures, 1552.1 cm2. Fruit dry mass was 14.5, 21.6, 25.5, 29.0, and 3.96 g per plant at 11, 17, 23, 29, and 35 °C, respectively. Root dry mass was highest at 11 and 17 °C and lowest for plants at 35 °C. The number of flowers, fruit, and inflorescences per plant was reduced at 35 °C, as were individual berry fresh mass and diameter. Overall, `Tristar' growth and development were near optimal at 17, 23, and 29 °C.

scholarly journals Insulative effect of plastic mulch systems and comparison between the effects of different plant types

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 317-324
Author(s):  
Kayla Snyder ◽  
Christopher Murray ◽  
Bryon Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Black Film ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Mulch Film ◽  
Mulch Films ◽  
Zone Temperature

AbstractTo address agricultural needs of the future, a better understanding of plastic mulch film effects on soil temperature and moisture is required. The effects of different plant type and mulch combinations were studied over a 3.5-month period to better grasp the consequence of mulch on root zone temperature (RZT) and moisture. Measurements of (RZT) and soil moisture for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), pepper (Capsicum annuum) and carrot (Daucus carota) grown using polyolefin mulch films (black and white-on-black) were conducted in Ontario using a plot without mulch as a control. Black mulch films used in combination with pepper and carrot plants caused similar RZTs relative to uncovered soil, but black mulch film in combination with tomato plants caused a reduction in RZT relative to soil without mulch that increased as plants grew and provided more shade. White-on-black mulch film used in combination with tomatoes, peppers or carrots led to a reduction in RZT relative to soil without mulch that became greater than the temperature of soil without mulch. This insulative capability was similarly observed for black mulch films used with tomato plants. Apart from white-on-black film used in combination with tomatoes, all mulch film and plant combinations demonstrated an ability to stabilize soil moisture relative to soil without mulch. RZT and soil moisture were generally stabilized with mulch film, but some differences were seen among different plant types.

EMERGENCE AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF INBRED LINES OF CORN AT SUBOPTIMAL ROOT-ZONE TEMPERATURES

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. MENKIR ◽  
E. N. LARTER
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Emergence Percentage ◽  
Zone Temperature

Based on the results of an earlier paper, 12 inbred lines of corn (Zea mays L.) were evaluated for emergence and seedling growth at three controlled root-zone temperatures (10, 14, and 18 °C). Low root-zone temperatures, 10 and 14 °C, were detrimental to emergence, seedling growth, and root growth of all inbred lines. Differential responses of inbred lines were observed within each temperature regime. The differences in seedling emergence among lines became smaller with increasing root-zone temperature, while the reverse was true for seedling dry weight. Simple correlation coefficients showed a significantly (P = 0.05) negative association between emergence percentage and emergence index (rate). Neither of these two emergence traits was significantly correlated with seedling dry weights. Seedling dry weights were significantly (P = 0.01) and positively associated with root dry weights. Two inbred lines exhibited good tolerance to low root-zone temperatures, viz. CO255 and RB214. A significant and positive correlation existed between emergence percentage at a root-zone temperature of 10 °C and field emergence in test with the same genotypes reported earlier. Selection at a root-zone temperature of 10 °C for a high percentage of seedling emergence, therefore, could be effective in identifying genotypes capable of germinating in cool soils. Furthermore, the significantly (P = 0.01) positive relationship between seedling dry weights at all root-zone temperatures and those from the field test suggest that strains with vigorous seedling growth in the field could be identified using low root-zone temperature regimes.Key words: Zea mays, root-zone temperature, cold tolerance

Effects of root zone temperature on root initiation and elongation in red pine seedlings

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 696-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris P. Andersen ◽  
Edward I. Sucoff ◽  
Robert K. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Root Elongation ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Root Initiation ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Zone Temperature

The influence of root zone temperature on root initiation, root elongation, and soluble sugars in roots and shoots was investigated in a glasshouse using 2-0 red pine (Pinusresinosa Ait.) seedlings lifted from a northern Minnesota nursery. Seedlings were potted in a sandy loam soil and grown in chambers where root systems were maintained at 8, 12, 16, or 20 °C for 27 days; seedling shoots were exposed to ambient glasshouse conditions. Total new root length was positively correlated with soil temperature 14, 20, and 27 days after planting, with significantly more new root growth at 20 °C than at other temperatures. The greatest number of new roots occurred at 16 °C; the least, at 8 °C. Total soluble sugar concentrations in stem tissue decreased slightly as root temperature increased. Sugar concentrations in roots were similar at all temperatures. The results suggest that root elongation is suppressed more than root tip formation when red pine seedlings are exposed to the cool soil temperatures typically found during spring and fall outplanting.

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