scholarly journals Spinal cord neural stem cells heterogeneity in postnatal development

STEMedicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. e19
Author(s):  
Jelena Ban ◽  
Miranda Mladinic
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Cell Potential ◽  
Neurogenic Niche ◽  
The Brain

Neural stem cells are capable of generating new neurons during development as well as in the adulthood and represent one of the most promising tools to replace lost or damaged neurons after injury or neurodegenerative disease. Unlike the brain, neurogenesis in the adult spinal cord is poorly explored and the comprehensive characterization of the cells that constitute stem cell neurogenic niche is still missing. Moreover, the terminology used to specify developmental and/or anatomical CNS regions, where neurogenesis in the spinal cord occurs, is not consensual and the analogy with the brain is often unclear. In this review, we will try to describe the heterogeneity of the stem cell types in the spinal cord ependymal zone, based on their origin and stem cell potential. We will also consider specific animal in vitro models that could be useful to identify “the right” stem cell candidate for cell replacement therapies.   

scholarly journals The Neural Stem Cell Properties of PKD2L1+ Cerebrospinal Fluid-Contacting Neurons in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuo Wang ◽  
Yuqi He ◽  
Huiqian Zhang ◽  
Li Chen ◽  
Liang Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cell ◽  
Immunofluorescence Staining ◽  
Stem Cell Markers ◽  
Cord Injury

Cerebrospinal fluid-touching neurons (CSF-cNs) exist in the region surrounding the central canal of the spinal cord, which locate in the adult neurogenic niche. Previous research showed that CSF-cNs expressed the molecular markers of immature neural cells in vivo. Here, we explored the potential of CSF-cNs as neural stem cell in intro. We first found that PKD2L1+ CSF-cNs, isolating by FACS using the molecular marker PKD2L1 of CSF-cNs, expressed neural stem cells markers like Nestin, Sox2, and GFAP by immunofluorescence staining. PKD2L1+ CSF-cNs were able to form neurospheres and passaged in vitro. Immunofluorescence staining showed that the neurospheres forming by PKD2L1+ CSF-cNs also expressed neural stem cell markers Nestin, Sox2 and GFAP. The neurospheres expressed proliferation markers Ki67 and PCNA by immunofluorescence staining, indicating that the neurospheres forming by PKD2L1+ CSF-cNs were proliferative. The neurospheres, forming by CSF-cNs, had the ability of differentiation into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Collectively, our data suggested that PKD2L1+ CSF-cNs have the properties of neural stem cells in vitro and may provide a promising approach for the repair of spinal cord injury.

scholarly journals Neural Stem Cells: What Happens When They Go Viral?

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1468
Author(s):  
Yashika S. Kamte ◽  
Manisha N. Chandwani ◽  
Alexa C. Michaels ◽  
Lauren A. O’Donnell
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Developmental Abnormalities ◽  
Multipotent Progenitor Cells ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
The Brain

Viruses that infect the central nervous system (CNS) are associated with developmental abnormalities as well as neuropsychiatric and degenerative conditions. Many of these viruses such as Zika virus (ZIKV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and herpes simplex virus (HSV) demonstrate tropism for neural stem cells (NSCs). NSCs are the multipotent progenitor cells of the brain that have the ability to form neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Viral infections often alter the function of NSCs, with profound impacts on the growth and repair of the brain. There are a wide spectrum of effects on NSCs, which differ by the type of virus, the model system, the cell types studied, and the age of the host. Thus, it is a challenge to predict and define the consequences of interactions between viruses and NSCs. The purpose of this review is to dissect the mechanisms by which viruses can affect survival, proliferation, and differentiation of NSCs. This review also sheds light on the contribution of key antiviral cytokines in the impairment of NSC activity during a viral infection, revealing a complex interplay between NSCs, viruses, and the immune system.

scholarly journals Immunosuppressants Affect Human Neural Stem Cells In Vitro but Not in an In Vivo Model of Spinal Cord Injury

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 731-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Sontag ◽  
Hal X. Nguyen ◽  
Noriko Kamei ◽  
Nobuko Uchida ◽  
Aileen J. Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Human Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Cord Injury

Stem cell application in neurorehabilitation

2020 ◽  
pp. 169-184
Author(s):  
Sebastian Jessberger ◽  
Armin Curt ◽  
Roger A. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Proper Function ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Diseases ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

A number of diseases of the brain and spinal cord are associated with substantial neural cell death and/or disruption of correct and functional neural networks. In the past, a variety of therapeutic strategies to rescue these systems have been proposed along with agents to induce functional plasticity within the remaining central nervous system (CNS) structures. In the case of injury or neurodegenerative disease these approaches have only met with limited success, indicating the need for novel approaches to treat diseases of the adult CNS. Recently, the idea of recruiting endogenous or transplanting stem cells to replace lost structures within the adult brain or spinal cord has gained significant attention, along with in situ reprogramming, and opened up novel therapeutic avenues in the context of regenerative medicine. Here we review recent advances in our understanding of how endogenous stem cells may be a part of pathological processes in certain neuropsychiatric diseases and summarize recent clinical and preclinical data suggesting that stem cell-based therapies hold great promise as a future treatment option in a number of diseases disrupting the proper function of the adult CNS.

scholarly journals SCIDOT-22. INTRACEREBROVENTRICULAR DELIVERY OF TUMOR-HOMING CYTOTOXIC HUMAN INDUCED NEURAL STEM CELLS FOR TREATMENT OF BRAIN METASTASES

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi276-vi276
Author(s):  
Wulin Jiang ◽  
Alison Mercer-Smith ◽  
Juli Bago ◽  
Simon Khagi ◽  
Carey Anders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Brain Metastases ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Tumor Homing ◽  
Migration Assays ◽  
Induced Neural Stem Cells ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Brain

Abstract INTRODUCTION Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and breast cancer are the most common cancers that metastasize to the brain. New therapies are needed to target and eradicate metastases. We have developed genetically-engineered induced neural stem cells (hiNSCs) derived from human fibroblasts that selectively home to tumors and release the cytotoxic protein TRAIL. Building on these results, we explored the efficacy of hiNSC therapy delivered via intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections for the treatment of metastatic foci in the brain for the first time. METHODS We performed in vitro efficacy and migration assays in conjunction with in vivo studies to determine the migration, persistence, and efficacy of therapeutic hiNSCs against H460 NSCLC and triple-negative breast cancer MB231-Br tumors in the brain. Following the establishment of tumors in the brains of nude mice, hiNSCs were injected directly into the tumor or the ventricle contralateral to the tumor. The migration and persistence of hiNSCs were investigated by following the bioluminescence of the hiNSCs. The therapeutic efficacy of the hiNSCs was determined by following the bioluminescence of the tumor. RESULTS/ CONCLUSION Co-culture results demonstrated that hiNSC therapy reduced the viability of H460 and MB231-Br up to 75% and 99.8% respectively compared to non-treated controls. In vitro migration assays showed significant directional migration toward both lung and breast cancer cells within 4 days. ICV-administered hiNSC serial imaging shows that cells persisted for >1 week in the brain. Fluorescent analysis of tissue sections showed that hiNSCs co-localized with lateral and contralateral tumors within 7 days. Using H460 and MB231-Br models, kinetic tracking of intracranial tumor volumes showed intratumoral or ICV-injected therapeutic hiNSCs suppressed the growth rate of brain tumors by 31-fold and 3-fold, respectively. This work demonstrates for the first time that we can effectively deliver personalized cytotoxic tumor-homing cells through the ventricles to target brain metastases.

scholarly journals Mesenchymal Stem Cells as a Promising Cell Source for Integration in Novel In Vitro Models

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1306
Author(s):  
Ann-Kristin Afflerbach ◽  
Mark D. Kiri ◽  
Tahir Detinis ◽  
Ben M. Maoz
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Cell Source ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Multiple Cell ◽  
Vitro Model

The human-relevance of an in vitro model is dependent on two main factors—(i) an appropriate human cell source and (ii) a modeling platform that recapitulates human in vivo conditions. Recent years have brought substantial advancements in both these aspects. In particular, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising cell source, as these cells can differentiate into multiple cell types, yet do not raise the ethical and practical concerns associated with other types of stem cells. In turn, advanced bioengineered in vitro models such as microfluidics, Organs-on-a-Chip, scaffolds, bioprinting and organoids are bringing researchers ever closer to mimicking complex in vivo environments, thereby overcoming some of the limitations of traditional 2D cell cultures. This review covers each of these advancements separately and discusses how the integration of MSCs into novel in vitro platforms may contribute enormously to clinical and fundamental research.

The role of neural stem cells for in vitro models of schizophrenia: Neuroprotection via Akt/ERK signal regulation

2010 ◽  
Vol 122 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 239-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takafumi Ono ◽  
Eri Hashimoto ◽  
Wataru Ukai ◽  
Takao Ishii ◽  
Toshikazu Saito
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Signal Regulation

Multifunctional silica-coated iron oxide nanoparticles: a facile four-in-one system for in situ study of neural stem cell harvesting

2014 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 13-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yung-Kang Peng ◽  
Cathy N. P. Lui ◽  
Tsen-Hsuan Lin ◽  
Chen Chang ◽  
Pi-Tai Chou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Bimodal Imaging

Neural stem cells (NSCs), which generate the main phenotypes of the nervous system, are multipotent cells and are able to differentiate into multiple cell types via external stimuli from the environment. The extraction, modification and re-application of NSCs have thus attracted much attention and raised hopes for novel neural stem cell therapies and regenerative medicine. However, few studies have successfully identified the distribution of NSCs in a live brain and monitored the corresponding extraction processes both in vitro and in vivo. To address those difficulties, in this study multi-functional uniform nanoparticles comprising an iron oxide core and a functionalized silica shell (Fe3O4@SiO2(FITC)-CD133, FITC: a green emissive dye, CD133: anti-CD133 antibody) have been strategically designed and synthesized for use as probe nanocomposites that provide four-in-one functionality, i.e., magnetic agitation, dual imaging (both magnetic resonance and optical) and specific targeting. It is shown that these newly synthesized Fe3O4@SiO2(FITC)-CD133 particles have clearly demonstrated their versatility in various applications. (1) The magnetic core enables magnetic cell collection and T2 magnetic resonance imaging. (2) The fluorescent FITC embedded in the silica framework enables optical imaging. (3) CD133 anchored on the outermost surface is demonstrated to be capable of targeting neural stem cells for cell collection and bimodal imaging.

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