scholarly journals Description of Influenza B in seasonal epidemic in Cantabria during the beginning of the pandemia due to SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 444-447
Author(s):  
Daniel Pablo-Marcos ◽  
Ana Rodríguez-Fernández ◽  
Mónica Gozalo ◽  
Jesús Agüero ◽  
Francisco Arnaiz de Las Revillas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Type B ◽  
Autonomous Communities ◽  
Influenza Type ◽  
Tetravalent Vaccine ◽  
Trivalent Vaccine ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Introduction. Co-circulation of the two Influenza B lineages hinders forecast of strain to include in trivalent vaccine. Autonomous Communities such as Cantabria continue without supplying tetravalent vaccine. The aim of this study was to analyse epidemiological characteristics of influenza type B in Cantabria (2019-2020 season) as well as to establish the predominant lineage and its relation to the recommended vaccine. Methods. Retrospective study whereby flu diagnosis and lineage analysis were determined by RT-PCR. Results. All samples belonged to the Victoria lineage. Most prevalent viral co-infection was due to SARS-CoV-2. The population affected by influenza B was mainly paediatric and non-vaccinated patients more frequently required hospital admittance. Conclusions. Influenza type B has a higher incidence in the paediatric population and type A affects more the adult population. Only 28.8% of patients with Influenza B that presented with some underlying condition or risk factor were vaccinated. This shows the need to increase coverage with tetravalent vaccines in order to reduce the burden of disease associated with the Influenza B virus.

scholarly journals Co-circulation of the two influenza B lineages during 13 consecutive influenza surveillance seasons in Italy, 2004–2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Puzelli ◽  
◽  
Angela Di Martino ◽  
Marzia Facchini ◽  
Concetta Fabiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Ha Gene ◽  
B Virus ◽  
B Lineage ◽  
Trivalent Vaccine

Abstract Background Since 1985, two antigenically distinct lineages of influenza B viruses (Victoria-like and Yamagata-like) have circulated globally. Trivalent seasonal influenza vaccines contain two circulating influenza A strains but a single B strain and thus provide limited immunity against circulating B strains of the lineage not included in the vaccine. In this study, we describe the characteristics of influenza B viruses that caused respiratory illness in the population in Italy over 13 consecutive seasons of virological surveillance, and the match between the predominant influenza B lineage and the vaccine B lineage, in each season. Methods From 2004 to 2017, 26,886 laboratory-confirmed influenza cases were registered in Italy, of which 18.7% were type B. Among them, the lineage of 2465 strains (49%) was retrieved or characterized in this study by a real-time RT-PCR assay and/or sequencing of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene. Results Co-circulation of both B lineages was observed each season, although in different proportions every year. Overall, viruses of B/Victoria and B/Yamagata lineages caused 53.3 and 46.7% of influenza B infections, respectively. A higher proportion of infections with both lineages was detected in children, and there was a declining frequency of B/Victoria detections with age. A mismatch between the vaccine and the predominant influenza B lineage occurred in eight out of thirteen influenza seasons under study. Considering the seasons when B accounted for > 20% of all laboratory-confirmed influenza cases, a mismatch was observed in four out of six seasons. Phylogenetic analysis of the HA1 domain confirmed the co-circulation of both lineages and revealed a mixed circulation of distinct evolutionary viral variants, with different levels of match to the vaccine strains. Conclusions This study contributes to the understanding of the circulation of influenza B viruses in Italy. We found a continuous co-circulation of both B lineages in the period 2004–2017, and determined that children were particularly vulnerable to Victoria-lineage influenza B virus infections. An influenza B lineage mismatch with the trivalent vaccine occurred in about two-thirds of cases.

Population immunity for influenza in population of Sverdlovsk Region in epidemic season of 2018–2019

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
I. A. Malchikov ◽  
A. V. Slobodenyuk ◽  
I. V. Vyalykh ◽  
A. Yu. Markaran ◽  
Yu. V. Grigorieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
H3n2 Virus ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Epidemic Season ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Epidemic Period

Donor blood serum was tested to detect antibodies against circulating influenza viruses. The titer of specific antibodies was determined in the hemagglutination inhibition test (RTGA) against influenza viruses A/California/07/09(H1N1) pdm09, A/HongKong/4801/14(H3N2) and B/Brisben/46/15. In the pre-epidemic period 2018–2019, the immune layer of people with conditionally protective titers of antiviral antibodies was detected in terms of the lowest to A(H3N2) virus (50.0 %), the highest to influenza B (85.4 %). In the post-epidemic season of 2018–2019, the immune layer to influenza A(H1N1) pdm09 virus did not change significantly, which could indicate the preservation of the activity of this virus in the adult population; an increase in the immune layer of individuals with protective titers of antibodies to influenza A(H3N2) – 67.4 % and a decrease in influenza B virus – 49.2 %. A comparison of the results of laboratory data carried out in the pre- and post-epidemic seasons revealed significant differences in the number of people with average antibody titers against influenza A(H3N2) and B viruses (p < 0.05).

scholarly journals Comparison of the HA genes of type B influenza viruses in herald waves and later epidemic seasons

1992 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Nakajima ◽  
F. Nishikawa ◽  
K. Nakamura ◽  
K. Nakajima
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Season ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
The Other ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Type B ◽  
Ha Gene ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Evolutionary Lineages

SUMMARYFrom January 1985 to May 1991, herald strains of influenza B virus were isolated in 1987 and 1989 in Japan. In both cases, influenza epidemics caused by the same type followed in the next winter season. The HA gene sequences of the influenza B viruses isolated in Japan from 1987–91, which covers two herald waves of influenza B viruses, were analysed and located on the phylogenetic tree for influenza B viruses after the B/Singapore/64 strain. Co-circulation of at least two evolutionary lineages of the HA genes existed for influenza B viruses in Japan during the period of this study. The herald viruses in one wave (1987) were genetically close to the winter isolates and were considered to be the parental viruses for the following influenza season, while in the other wave (1989) winter isolates belonged to another lineage on which one of the herald viruses was located, but they were genetically and antigenically different from the herald viruses.

scholarly journals Burden of influenza B virus infections in Scotland in 2012/13 and epidemiological investigations between 2000 and 2012

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (37) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Harvala ◽  
D Smith ◽  
K Salvatierra ◽  
R Gunson ◽  
B von Wissmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Tetravalent Vaccine ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Children And Young Adolescents

We describe the burden of influenza B infections in Scotland during a 13-year study period. Influenza A and B viruses cocirculated throughout the period, with numbers of influenza B cases approaching or exceeding those of influenza A during six influenza seasons. Influenza B viruses of both Victoria and Yamagata lineage were detected in two of six seasons investigated. For the 2012/13 season, influenza B accounted for 44.4% of all influenzas, with the highest incidence in those under the age of five years. Influenza B virus infections led to fewer admissions to an intensive care unit (ICU) and a lower mortality rate than influenza A (37 vs 81 ICU admissions and three vs 29 deaths) during the 2012/13 season. However, a quarter of those admitted to ICU with influenza B had not been immunised and 60% had not received specific influenza antiviral therapy. This highlights the need for consistent influenza vaccination and prompt usage of antiviral treatment for identified risk groups. Combining the newly introduced vaccination programme for children with the use of a tetravalent vaccine may provide the opportunity to improve the control of influenza B in those with the highest influenza B burden, children and young adolescents.

scholarly journals Chimeric Influenza A Viruses with a Functional Influenza B Virus Neuraminidase or Hemagglutinin

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (17) ◽  
pp. 9116-9123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Flandorfer ◽  
Adolfo García-Sastre ◽  
Christopher F. Basler ◽  
Peter Palese
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Mdck Cells ◽  
Cytoplasmic Tail ◽  
Type A ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Type B ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
B Virus

ABSTRACT Reassortment of influenza A and B viruses has never been observed in vivo or in vitro. Using reverse genetics techniques, we generated recombinant influenza A/WSN/33 (WSN) viruses carrying the neuraminidase (NA) of influenza B virus. Chimeric viruses expressing the full-length influenza B/Yamagata/16/88 virus NA grew to titers similar to that of wild-type influenza WSN virus. Recombinant viruses in which the cytoplasmic tail or the cytoplasmic tail and the transmembrane domain of the type B NA were replaced with those of the type A NA were impaired in tissue culture. This finding correlates with reduced NA content in virions. We also generated a recombinant influenza A virus expressing a chimeric hemagglutinin (HA) protein in which the ectodomain is derived from type B/Yamagata/16/88 virus HA, whereas both the cytoplasmic and the transmembrane domains are derived from type A/WSN virus HA. This A/B chimeric HA virus did not grow efficiently in MDCK cells. However, after serial passage we obtained a virus population that grew to titers as high as wild-type influenza A virus in MDCK cells. One amino acid change in position 545 (H545Y) was found to be responsible for the enhanced growth characteristics of the passaged virus. Taken together, we show here that the absence of reassortment between influenza viruses belonging to different A and B types is not due to spike glycoprotein incompatibility at the level of the full-length NA or of the HA ectodomain.

scholarly journals Co-circulation of Influenza A and B During the 2016–2017 Influenza Season at Rush University Medical Center

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S314-S315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Simms ◽  
Hemil Gonzalez ◽  
Nicholas M Moore ◽  
Leslie A Chapman ◽  
Karen Lolans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Quadrivalent Vaccine ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Icu Admission ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Pregnancy Status ◽  
Trivalent Vaccine

Abstract Background Two strains of influenza B virus, B/Yamagata and B/Victoria, co-circulate in the USA, typically appearing in late March. This year, influenza B virus (FluB) co-circulated consistently with influenza A virus (FluA). We hypothesized that this could be explained by an increased use of influenza trivalent vaccine, which lacks the B/Yamagata strain, over the quadrivalent vaccine. Methods We performed a retrospective, observational cohort study of patients with laboratory-diagnosed influenza from October 2016 through April 2017. Age, comorbidity categories, pregnancy status, symptoms, The presence of opacity on chest film, ICU admission, death, and receipt of oseltamivir were reviewed for 256 patients. A subset of FluB specimens were subtyped for lineage using RT–PCR. Results Influenza was detected in 495 (10.4%) of 4,754 samples collected, including 305 FluA and 190 FluB. The H3 strain represented 97% of FluA cases. FluB subtypes were: 70, B/Victoria; 21, B/Yamagata; and 41, not subtyped. Chart review was conducted for 124 randomly selected FluA and 132 sequential FluB patients. Median age of patients with FluA was 44 compared with 27 with FluB (P &lt; 0.001). Forty-three (34.7%) FluA patients had heart disease compared with 21 (15.9%) FluB patients (P &lt; 0.001). Otherwise, there were no differences in comorbidities, pregnancy status, clinical symptoms, or infectious complications between FluA vs. FluB patients. Ninety-three (75%) FluA patients and 78 (59.1%) FluB patients received oseltamivir. ICU admission occurred in 15 (12.1%) FluA and 9 (6.8%) FluB patients (OR 1.414; 95% CI 0.83-2.4). Seventy-seven (30%) patients received flu vaccine, 39 with FluA, and 38 with FluB; 97 (37.9%) were not vaccinated and 82 (32%) were missing data. Of those vaccinated, 6 patients received trivalent vaccine, and 71 received quadrivalent. Only 24 patients with B/Victoria and 7 patients with B/Yamagata were vaccinated. Conclusion The proportion of infected patients who had received vaccination was low, limiting our ability to detect the effect of the trivalent vaccine on the incidence of infection with B/Yamagata. In contrast to conventional thought, when compared with influenza B, influenza A (predominantly H3N2) did not appear to disproportionally affect those with most medical comorbidities, and was not disproportionately associated with our identified clinical complications. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Antigenic and genetic analyses of influenza type B viruses isolated in Russia, 1987–91

1993 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Hemphill ◽  
P. A. Rota ◽  
V. T. Ivanova ◽  
A. N. Slepushkin ◽  
A. P. Kendal
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Influenza Season ◽  
The United States ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Type B ◽  
Antigenic Analysis ◽  
Influenza Type ◽  
Reference Strains

SummaryFour influenza type B viruses isolated in Russia during periods of relatively low (1987–8) or high (1990–1) influenza B activity were characterized antigenically using a microneutralization assay. These isolates were antigenically similar to contemporary reference strains from either of two separate lineages represented by B/Victoria/2/87 and B/Yamagata/16/88. The evolutionary relationships of the variable portion of the haemagglutinin (HA1) genes of these viruses were determined by comparison with influenza B HA1 sequences previously obtained. The Isolate B/USSR/2/87, collected during the 1987–8 influenza season, was found to be closely related to viruses on the B/Victoria/2/87 lineage that circulated during the 1988–9 influenza season in the United States. Sequence analysis of the isolates from the 1990–1 influenza season demonstrated co-circulation of viruses from both the B/Victoria/2/87 and B/Yamagata/16/88 lineages in Russia, confirming the antigenic analysis.

scholarly journals Immunogenicity and Protective Effect of Live Cold-Adapted Vaccines against Influenza B after Intranasal Immunization of Mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
O. S. Kashirina ◽  
Y. M. Vasiliev
Keyword(s):  
Wild Type Strain ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Wild Type Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Type B ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Cold Adapted ◽  
Influenza Type ◽  
Hemagglutination Inhibition Test

Live attenuated («att») vaccines based on cold-adapted («ca») strains are a promising approach of influenza prophylaxis enhancement, however, effectiveness evaluation as well as interrelation with immunogenicity should be elucidated, especially for vaccines against type B influenza.Sterile, pure and concentrated viruses were prepared using a parent wild-type influenza type B and a live «ca» strain derived from the wild-type strain, and their biological activity and phenotype were fully characterized. Mice intranasally immunized twice with the live «ca» vaccines developed sterile immunity (wild-type virus was not isolated in chicken embryos (below limit of detection) from lungs of immunized and subsequently infected mice), however, sera antibodies in hemagglutination inhibition test (HAI) were also not detected (below limit of detection).Live «ca» vaccines against influenza type B viruses are effective, however, protection from infection was not determined by HAI antibodies. Further studies using various methods of immunogenicity evaluation and characterization of mechanisms of protection for influenza vaccines, first of all «att», are needed. 

Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of chickenpox in the adult population at the present stage

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Peredelskaya ◽  
Tatyana Safyanova ◽  
Mikhail Druchanov
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Health Care Institution ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Clinical Hospital ◽  
Care Institution ◽  
High Level ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Chickenpox is an urgent problem, as it is widely spread with a high level of morbidity and an increasing share in the structure of the General infectious pathology with significant economic damage. The aim of the study is to study the epidemiological and clinical features of chickenpox in adults hospitalized in Krai government-owned publicy funded health care institution «City clinical hospital No. 5, Barnaul» for the period 2008‑2018. Content analysis included statistical reporting forms No. 2 of Federal state statistical supervision «Data on infectious and parasitic diseases» in the city of Barnaul during the period 2008‑2018 of medical archival documents adult infectious Department Krai government-owned publicy funded health care institution «City clinical hospital №5, Barnaul» for the same period. Data processing was performed using calculation of intensive and extensive indicators, calculation of the arithmetic mean (X) and standard error of the average (m). Calculations were made using the STATISTICA-10 program. Consistently high rates were recorded, with an average of 64.32 ± 3.46 per 100,000 population. The percentage of hospitalized adults averaged 18.5% during the study period. Adults aged 18‑30 were more likely to be admitted to the hospital (90.3%); 41.6% were students. Adults with moderate severity were hospitalized more often (70.6%); 7 patients (1.3%) had complications: aphthous stomatitis (3 cases), pustulosis (2 cases), and pneumonia (2 cases). Patients with severe severity of the disease accounted for 2.4%, the premorbid background was burdened in 48% (HIV infection, tuberculosis). In 35% of patients with severe severity, the final diagnosis of Herpes zoster was made, all patients older than 40 years, stayed in the hospital for 20‑25 days.

scholarly journals Recurring Influenza B Virus Infections in Seals

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogier Bodewes ◽  
Danny Morick ◽  
Gerrie de Mutsert ◽  
Nynke Osinga ◽  
Theo Bestebroer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
B Virus
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