Exploring the wildlife value orientations of locals working in community-based marine wildlife tourism in the Philippines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackie A. Ziegler ◽  
Gonzalo Araujo ◽  
Jessica Labaja ◽  
Sally Snow ◽  
Alessandro Ponzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Species ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Wildlife Value Orientations ◽  
Wildlife Tourism ◽  
Whale Sharks ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Marine Wildlife

Wildlife tourism can act as an incentive for the conservation of marine species and habitats. One of the most important outcomes can be a change in the views of participants towards target species and their habitats that may promote more conservation-oriented actions. While a handful of studies have documented the wildlife value orientations (WVOs) of tourists participating in marine wildlife tourism, no studies have explored the WVOs of locals working in tourism. However, it is equally important to understand the WVOs of locals working in community-based tourism, and whether these are linked with changes in locals’ attitudes and behaviours towards marine wildlife and the ocean. This paper assesses the WVOs of locals working in community-based whale shark tourism at four sites in the Philippines, and explores the relationship between WVOs and conservation attitudes and behaviours using a mixed methods approach with a total of 114 structured interviews. Three WVO groups were identified (mixed utilitarian-protectionist, moderate protectionist, and high protectionist) suggesting a WVO continuum. Those respondents with more protectionist views reported more conservation outcomes, including changes in attitudes and behaviours to protect whale sharks. Further, respondents who worked in tourism had more protectionist views than those from a failed tourism site indicating that tourism can change communities by helping locals value their marine resources and incentivizing protection of those resources.

Addressing Marine Wildlife Entanglement in Derelict Fishing Nets Using Community-Based Social Marketing: Case Study and Lessons Learnt

2021 ◽  
pp. 152450042110538
Author(s):  
Maïa Sarrouf Willson ◽  
Craig Turley ◽  
Lamees A. Daar ◽  
Hussein Al Masroori ◽  
Hussain Al Muscati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Social Marketing ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Community Based ◽  
One To One ◽  
Marine Wildlife

Background Entanglement of marine species, particularly endangered sea turtles and cetaceans, in abandoned, lost or otherwise discarded fishing gear is a major conservation concern. Focus of the Article This case study applies Community-Based Social Marketing (CBSM) to reduce marine wildlife net entanglement in the waters surrounding Masirah Island, a marine biodiversity hotspot in Oman. Importance to the Social Marketing Field The study demonstrates the use of social marketing tools in biodiversity conservation, bringing new knowledge to the cross-application of these two fields. Methods The CBSM methodology was applied to select behaviours, identify barriers and benefits, develop strategies and design a pilot study. The responsible disposal of derelict nets in skip bins was selected as the target behaviour, and a mix of behavioural change tools was applied to achieve change: convenience (installation of three skip bins), education (installation of informative signs, distribution of awareness posters, one-to-one engagement with fishers on the beaches), prompts (installation of signs and posters on vessels) and social norms (one-to-one engagement with key influencers and decision makers). The monitoring of behaviour change took place through structured observations over 23 weeks, focussing on the number of nets disposed of in the allocated skip bins. Results Results showed a low level of behaviour adoption rate by skiff and launch vessel fisheries, respectively, 5.36% and 2.58%. Positive results were observed for a short time but did not reach the estimated target value throughout the study period. Recommendations for Research Our pilot study did not lead to broad-scale implementation and we recommend further awareness and engagement with the target audience, trials of various behaviour change tools and increase field monitoring time. We further recommend the application and funding of behaviour change methods applied to fishers with the incorporation of conventional financial, conservation and regulatory tools to support resource management. Limitations Our results show that focussing on specific behaviours with appropriate measurement is both resource and time demanding to solve pressing conservation problems, particularly ones generated by complex industries such as fishing. Various lessons, useful for other social marketers, have been drawn from our evaluation of the overall study.

scholarly journals People Power:  The Everyday Politics of Democratic Resistance in  Burma and the Philippines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Nicholas Henry
Keyword(s):  
Political Violence ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Political Legitimacy ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
Political Relationships ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
State Actors

<p>How do Community Based Organisations (CBOs) in Burma and the Philippines participate in the construction of political legitimacy through their engagement in local and international politics? What can this tell us about the agency of non-state actors in international relations? This thesis explores the practices of non-state actors engaged in political resistance in Burma and the Philippines. The everyday dynamics of political legitimacy are examined in relation to popular consent, political violence, and the influence of international actors and norms. The empirical research in this thesis is based on a grounded theory analysis of in-depth semi-structured interviews with a wide cross-section of spokespeople and activists of opposition groups from Burma, and with spokespeople of opposition groups in the Philippines. The research covers community-based organisations with broad memberships, including women’s organisations, student and youth groups, ethnic minority and indigenous groups, and trade unions. The thesis demonstrates that CBOs exercise a range of tactics in forming political relationships in local and international contexts, and emphasises the role of learning processes in the interaction of local and international norms in the course of political change.</p>

Tourism of Community Base as an Instrument for Local Development and Social Innovation

2021 ◽  
pp. 72-89
Author(s):  
Maria Sâmia de Oliveira ◽  
Gil Célio de Castro Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

Dealing with tourism, especially community-based tourism, requires an understanding of its concept and its relationship to local development. Additionally, community-based tourism presents itself as an example of social innovation, in view of its important function of aggregating values, social responsibility, and sustainable means of economic development. In this sense, this work aims to understand the relationship of residents with community-based tourism practiced in the coastal area of the extreme west of the state of Ceará, located in Northeast Brazil, and the perspective of residents on the importance of local tourism and its relationship with elements of social innovation. The research is classified as qualitative and the collection instrument was consolidated through the application of semi-structured interviews. The collected information was submitted to the treatment of the data through the technique of content analysis. The results are about the perception of these subjects about the tourist activities practiced in the city of Acaraú, Ceará.

scholarly journals Loneliness, health and mortality

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Henriksen ◽  
E. R. Larsen ◽  
C. Mattisson ◽  
N. W. Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Relative Risk Of Death ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Health And Mortality

Aims.Literature suggests an association between loneliness and mortality for both males and females. Yet, the linkage of loneliness to mortality is not thoroughly examined, and need to be replicated with a long follow-up time. This study assessed the association between loneliness and mortality, including associations to gender, in 1363 adult swedes.Methods.This community-based prospective cohort study from the Swedish Lundby Study included 1363 individuals of whom 296 individuals (21.7%) were identified as lonely with use of semi-structured interviews in 1997. The cohort was followed until 2011 and survival analyses were used to estimate the relative risk of death.Results.Death occurred with an incidence rate of 2.63 per 100 person-years and 2.09 per 100 person-years for lonely and non-lonely individuals, respectively. In crude analysis, loneliness was associated with a significant increased mortality risk of 27% compared with non-lonely individuals [hazard ratio (HR) 1.27; 95% CI 1.01–1.60]. Unadjusted, lonely females had a significant increased risk (HR 1.76; 95% CI 1.31–2.34) and adjusted insignificant increased mortality risk of 27% (HR 1.27; 95% CI 0.92–1.74), compared with non-lonely females. Lonely males were found to have an adjusted significant decreased risk of mortality (HR 0.50; 95% CI 0.32–0.80), compared with non-lonely males.Conclusions.Findings suggest an association between loneliness and increased risk of mortality and that gender differences may exist, which have not been previously reported. If replicated, our results indicate that loneliness may have differential physical implications in some subgroups. Future studies are needed to further investigate the influence of gender on the relationship.

scholarly journals People Power:  The Everyday Politics of Democratic Resistance in  Burma and the Philippines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Nicholas Henry
Keyword(s):  
Political Violence ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Political Legitimacy ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
Political Relationships ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
State Actors

<p>How do Community Based Organisations (CBOs) in Burma and the Philippines participate in the construction of political legitimacy through their engagement in local and international politics? What can this tell us about the agency of non-state actors in international relations? This thesis explores the practices of non-state actors engaged in political resistance in Burma and the Philippines. The everyday dynamics of political legitimacy are examined in relation to popular consent, political violence, and the influence of international actors and norms. The empirical research in this thesis is based on a grounded theory analysis of in-depth semi-structured interviews with a wide cross-section of spokespeople and activists of opposition groups from Burma, and with spokespeople of opposition groups in the Philippines. The research covers community-based organisations with broad memberships, including women’s organisations, student and youth groups, ethnic minority and indigenous groups, and trade unions. The thesis demonstrates that CBOs exercise a range of tactics in forming political relationships in local and international contexts, and emphasises the role of learning processes in the interaction of local and international norms in the course of political change.</p>

scholarly journals Picturing Forgotten Filipinx: Family Photographs and Resisting U.S. Colonial Amnesias

Genealogy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Stevie Cadiz ◽  
Alma M. Ouanesisouk Trinidad
Keyword(s):  
Community Care ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
American Empire ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Visual Storytelling ◽  
Family Photographs ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
The U.S

U.S. imperialism in the Philippines has led to the multiple generations of diasporic conditions of colonial amnesia and systematic forgetting of history. Its impact on the Filipinx community has left unrecorded memories and voices of immigrants silenced, and considered lost to history. This study examines the relationship between U.S. colonialism and imperialism in the Philippines and the experiences of Filipinx immigration to the U.S. through a critical Indigenous feminist lens of visual imagery and storytelling. Given that many of the experiences within the Filipinx diaspora in relation to the American Empire have been systematically forgotten and erased, this study utilizes family photographs in framing the challenges and reinscribes harmful hegemonic U.S. colonial and imperial narratives. With a combination of semi-structured interviews and photo analysis as a form of visual storytelling, the family photographs within the Filipinx diaspora may reframe, challenge, and resist hegemonic U.S. colonial and imperial narratives by holding memories of migration, loss, family belonging, and community across spatial and generational boundaries that attempt to erase by the U.S. nation-state. Results shed light on resistance and survivance through bayanihan (community care) spirit.

Interacting Legal Norms and Cross-Border Divorce: Stories of Filipino Migrant Women in the Netherlands

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-529
Author(s):  
Asuncion Fresnoza-Flot
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Migrant Women ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Global Migration ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Filipino Women ◽  
Transnational Social Spaces ◽  
Filipino Migrants

The Philippines is one of only two states in the world in which absolute divorce remains largely impossible. Through its family laws, it regulates the marriage, family life and conjugal separation of its citizens, including its migrants abroad. To find out how these family laws interact with those in the receiving country of Filipino migrants and shape their lives, the present paper examines the case of Filipino women who experienced or are undergoing divorce in the Netherlands. Drawing from semi-structured interviews and an analysis of selected divorce stories, it unveils the intertwined institutions of marriage and of divorce, the constraints but also possibilities that interacting legal norms bring in the life of Filipino women, and the way these migrants navigate such norms within their transnational social spaces. These findings contribute interesting insights into cross-border divorces in the present age of global migration.

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