Stromal Tumors in the Prostate

Stromal tumors of the prostate are rare mesenchymal tumors of the prostate stroma,in the form of spindle cell tumors, which are differentiated by cellularity, mitotic index,cellular atypia, and necrosis. These tumors are classified into two; prostatic stromaltumors of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP) and prostatic stromal sarcomas (PSS).The incidence is about 0.1-0.2% of the total incidence of prostate cancer. Thepathogenesis of prostate stromal tumors is based on origin, clonal and chromosomalabnormalities. Clinical symptoms of complaints lead to lower urinary tract obstruction,dysuria and pollakiuria as well as abnormalities in the rectal toucher (RT) examination.Macroscopically, brownish-white masses were found showing a solid or solid-cysticpattern. Radiological examination can use transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), CT Scan andMRI. Histopathologically, prostate STUMP has five different patterns, namely thedegenerative atypia pattern, hypercellular stroma pattern, phyllodes-type growthpattern, myxoid pattern, and epithelioid stromal pattern. Meanwhile, in PSS, there arehistological patterns of storiform, epithelioid, fibrosarcomatous, and patternless growthpatterns. Then PSS was subclassified into two, namely low grade and high gradetumors. Immunohistochemical examination showed immunoreactivity for CD34, PR,smooth muscle actin (SMA), desmin, HHF35, smooth muscle actin, vimentin andandrogen receptors and negative for estrogen receptors, CD117 and S-100. Thedifferential diagnosis is rhabdomyosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, inflammatorymyofibroblastic tumor, sarcomatoid carcinoma, benign prostate hyperplasia, smoothmuscle tumor, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, and solitary fibrous tumor. Prognosis ofprostate STUMP is better than that of PSS. Treatment of STUMP is currently unknown.Definitive resection can be performed taking into account the patient's age, treatmentpreference, and the size or size of the lesion. Treatment for PSS radical prostatectomy,cystoprostatectomy, or pelvic exenteration for local aggressive tumors.

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Intralobular Distribution of Ovarian-like Stroma in Pancreatic Mucinous Cystic Neoplasms: Hypothesis on Its Tumorigenesis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-627775/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yuki Fukumura ◽

Yuko Kinowaki ◽

Yoko Matsuda ◽

Masaru Takase ◽

Momoko Tonosaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Wnt Pathway ◽

Smooth Muscle Actin ◽

Mucinous Cystic Neoplasm ◽

Cystic Neoplasm ◽

Pancreatic Ducts ◽

Low Grade ◽

Muscle Actin ◽

Cystic Neoplasms ◽

Mucinous Cystic Neoplasms

Abstract Pancreatic mucinous cystic neoplasm (MCN) harbors two histological components, tumor epithelia and ovarian-like stroma (OLS). To examine the tumorigenesis of pancreatic MCNs, this study analyzed the distribution, amount, immunohistochemical phenotype, presence of theca cells of the OLS, and the alteration of tumor epithelium of 29 surgically resected MCN cases and compared them with tumor sizes. Non-mucinous type epithelium was present in all low-grade MCNs but its ratio decreased with tumor size (p < 0.05), suggesting that epithelial mucinous changes are a progression phenomenon. The intralobular distribution of OLS was observed in 27.6 % of MCN cases and its existence related to a smaller size (p< 0.05), suggesting intralobular generation of MCNs. Nuclear expression of β-catenin was observed for OLS of everywhere, suggesting consistent activation of the Wnt pathway for OLS. Three MCN cases (10.3%) contained a-smooth muscle actin (SMA)-negative OLS, where OLS surrounding dilated pancreatic ducts or MCN cysts were a-SMA-positive and otherwise negative, suggesting that a-SMA-positivity is an acquired phenomenon of OLS. With this study, we could hypothesize that pancreatic MCNs may generate intralobularly. Epithelial mucinous change and a-SMA-positivity of OLS may be progression phenomena. This is the first study to show the intralobular distribution of OLS.

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Dendritic Interstitial and Myofibroblastic Cells at the Border of Salivary Gland Tumors

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.5858/2001-125-0232-diamca ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 125 (2) ◽

pp. 232-236

Author(s):

Lori Soma ◽

Virginia A. LiVolsi ◽

Zubair W. Baloch

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Salivary Gland ◽

Malignant Tumors ◽

Smooth Muscle Actin ◽

Staining Intensity ◽

Interstitial Cells ◽

Salivary Gland Tumors ◽

Benign Tumors ◽

Low Grade ◽

Muscle Actin

Abstract Objective.—CD34-positive dendritic interstitial cells may be associated with the regulation of tumor growth. This association has been studied in various human neoplasms, especially skin tumors. In this study, we evaluated the distribution of dendritic interstitial cells and myofibroblastic cells at the tumor periphery of various benign and malignant salivary gland neoplasms. Methods.—Forty-nine cases of salivary gland tumors were selected: 16 pleomorphic adenomas, 12 Warthin tumors, 8 polymorphous low-grade tumors, 5 adenoid cystic carcinomas, 6 acinic cell carcinomas, and 2 mucoepidermoid carcinomas. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed by using antibodies for CD34 (dendritic cells) and α-smooth muscle actin (myofibroblast) on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archival tissue. Staining intensity was graded as marked (3+), moderate (2+), weak (1+), and absent (0). Results.—Staining intensity for CD34 was 3+ in 24 (86%) of 28 benign tumors (pleomorphic adenomas and Warthin tumors) and 6 (29%) of 21 malignant tumors (polymorphous low-grade tumors, acinic cell carcinomas, adenoid cystic carcinomas, and mucoepidermoid carcinomas) and 2+ in 4 (19%) of 21 malignant tumors. None of the benign tumors displayed 2+ staining with CD34. Three (11%) of 28 benign and 11 (52%) of 21 of malignant tumors failed to stain with CD34. α-Smooth muscle actin staining was 3+ in 10 (36%) of 28 benign tumors and 6 (29%) of 21 malignant tumors, and 2+ in 11 (39%) of 28 benign and 2 (9%) of 21 malignant tumors. Five (18%) of 28 benign and 11 (52%) of 21 malignant tumors failed to stain with α-smooth muscle actin. Conclusion.—We conclude that the dendritic interstitial cells and myofibroblastic cells may be associated with the regulation of tumor growth in salivary gland tumors.

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Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors and Leiomyomas in the Dog: A Histopathologic, Immunohistochemical, and Molecular Genetic Study of 50 Cases

Veterinary Pathology ◽

10.1354/vp.40-1-42 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 42-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 103

Author(s):

D. Frost ◽

J. Lasota ◽

M. Miettinen

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ◽

Smooth Muscle Actin ◽

Abdominal Cavity ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Muscle Actin ◽

Molecular Genetic Study ◽

Stromal Tumors ◽

Pathologic Features ◽

S 100

Fifty canine gastrointestinal (GI) mesenchymal tumors were examined to determine the occurrence of leiomyomas (LM) and GI stromal tumors and to compare their clinicopathologic features. Twenty-one tumors (42%) were histologically reclassified as gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) and 29 tumors (58%) as LMs on the basis of their histologic similarity with homologous human tumors. The GISTs occurred equally in males and females, with a mean age of 11 years (range 5–14 years). Five GISTs (24%) were associated with clinical signs and six (29%) had metastasis in liver or abdominal cavity. The GISTs occurred in large intestine (10, 48%), small bowel (six, 29%), stomach (four, 19%), and mesentery of small intestine (one, 5%). Histologically, they were highly cellular spindle, or less commonly epithelioid tumors with mitotic rates ranging from 0 to 19 per 10 HPF. Eleven tumors (52%) were positive for CD117 (KIT); seven (33%) were positive for smooth muscle actin but none for desmin and S-100 protein. Sequences of KIT exon 11, often mutated in human GISTs, were evaluated from four GISTs. Deletion of Try556-Lys557 coexisting with duplication of Gln555 in one case of GIST and T to C transition resulting in substitution of Pro for Leu575 in another were identified. The LMs occurred predominantly in males (82%) with a mean age of 11 years (range 8–17 years). Nine tumors (31%) had associated clinical signs. They occurred in the stomach (22, 76%), esophagus (four, 14%), and intestines (three, 10%); all were paucicellular, had no mitoses, and were composed of mature smooth muscle cells. Twenty-eight (97%) were positive for smooth muscle actin and 18(62%) for desmin but none for CD117 and S-100. Both GISTs and true LMs occur in the GI tract of dogs. Both tumors have distinctive pathologic features.

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Smooth Muscle Actin Expression in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors of Different Localization and Morphological Types

Annals of Oncology ◽

10.1093/annonc/mdu354.14 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. iv499

Author(s):

V. Yakovenko ◽

S. Chekan ◽

A. Korolenko

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ◽

Smooth Muscle Actin ◽

Muscle Actin ◽

Stromal Tumors ◽

Actin Expression

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Immunohistochemical Staining Characteristics of Canine Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors

Veterinary Pathology ◽

10.1177/030098589703400406 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 303-311 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

R. G. LaRock ◽

P. E. Ginn

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Small Intestine ◽

Immunohistochemical Staining ◽

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ◽

Smooth Muscle Actin ◽

Muscle Actin ◽

Stromal Tumors ◽

S 100 ◽

Microscopic Features ◽

Microscopic Diagnosis

Sections from 35 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, canine gastrointestinal stromal tumors consisting of 14 leiomyomas (five stomach, three small intestine, two colon, four rectum), 18 leiomyosarcomas (one stomach, five small intestine, nine cecum, three rectum), two undifferentiated sarcomas (two stomach), and one neurofibrosarcoma (small intestine) were examined for the expression of vimentin, S-100 protein, α-smooth muscle actin, and desmin via immunoperoxidase methodology using an avidin-biotin complex technique. The leiomyomas were 4/14 (29%) vimentin-positive, 3/14 (21%) S-100 protein-positive, 10/14 (71%) α-smooth muscle actin-positive and 13/14 (93%) desmin-positive. Leiomyosarcomas were 18/18 (100%) vimentin-positive, 11/18 (61%) S-100 protein-positive, 9/18 (50%) α-smooth muscle actin-positive, and 15/18 (83%) desmin-positive. The undifferentiated sarcomas were 2/2 (100%) vimentin-positive, 2/2 (100%) S-100 protein-positive, 1/2 (50%) α-smooth muscle actin-positive, and 0/2 (0%) desmin-positive. The neurofibrosarcoma was vimentin and S-100 protein-positive and α-smooth muscle actin- and desmin-negative. Thirty-one of thirty-five (89%) of all neoplasms demonstrated reactivity for either desmin and/or α-smooth muscle actin. S-100 protein reactivity occurred in 17/35 (49%) of all specimens. Lack of desmin and α-smooth muscle actin reactivity occurred in 4/35 (11%) of all specimens, all of which were vimentin-positive. The immunohistochemical results indicate that the majority of canine gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) with light microscopic features of smooth muscle cells have immunohistochemical staining patterns supporting smooth muscle differentiation. Vimentin reactivity correlated with a light microscopic diagnosis of malignancy. The lack of smooth muscle cell markers in some tumors and the high percentage of cases positive for S-100 protein may suggest a more complex histogenesis or differentiation for subgroups of these tumors.

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Cardiac microvascular endothelial cells express α-smooth muscle actin and show low NOS III activity

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.1999.276.5.h1755 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 276 (5) ◽

pp. H1755-H1768 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Hiroshi Ando ◽

Thomas Kubin ◽

Wolfgang Schaper ◽

Jutta Schaper

Keyword(s):

Endothelial Cells ◽

Smooth Muscle ◽

Smooth Muscle Actin ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Microvascular Endothelial Cells ◽

Low Grade ◽

Muscle Actin ◽

Microvascular Endothelial

We established a culture system of porcine coronary microvascular endothelial cells (MVEC) with high cellular yield and purity >98%. Endothelial origin was confirmed by immunostaining, immunoblotting and fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis using low-density lipoprotein uptake, CD31, von Willebrand factor, and the lectin Dolichos biflorus agglutinin. MVEC were positive for α-smooth muscle actin in culture and in myocardium, as confirmed by FACS. Of the primary MVEC, ∼30% expressed nitric oxide synthase (NOS) III in numbers decreasing from the first passage (6 ± 1%) to the second passage (4 ± 1%; P < 0.001 vs. primary isolates), whereas ∼100% of aortic endothelial cells (AEC) expressed NOS III. In AEC, NOS III activity (pmol citrulline ⋅ mg protein−1 ⋅ min−1) was 80 ± 10 and was nearly abolished in the absence of calcium (5 ± 1, P < 0.001). In primary MVEC, however, NOS III activity in the presence and absence of calcium was 20 ± 4 and 25 ± 5, respectively. We conclude that cardiac MVEC, in contrast to AEC, contain α-smooth muscle actin, show low-grade NOS III activity, and provide a suitable in vitro system for the study of endothelial pathophysiology.

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Leiomyosarcoma of the colon

Medicinski pregled ◽

10.2298/mpns1512413j ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 68 (11-12) ◽

pp. 413-417 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Vlado Janevski ◽

Redzep Selmani ◽

Vesna Janevska ◽

Liljana Spasevska ◽

Julija Zhivadinovik

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Smooth Muscle Actin ◽

Abdominal Mass ◽

Neuron Specific Enolase ◽

Muscle Actin ◽

Ascending Colon ◽

Mesenchymal Tumors ◽

Stromal Tumors

Introduction. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the digestive tract. Leiomyosarcomas of the gastrointestinal tract are rare mesenchymal neoplasms which grossly and histologically resemble gastrointestinal stromal tumors. They may be differentiated from gastrointestinal stromal tumors by using immunohistochemistry and they are typically positive for ? smooth muscle actin and desmin and negative for c-kit, CD34 and DOG1.1. They often express calponin and h-caldesmon. Case Report. We present a case of a 59-year-old male with anemia, weight loss, intermittent abdominal pain and right abdominal mass. Colonoscopy revealed an exophytic ulcerated neoplastic mass in the ascending colon and abdominal computed tomography scan showed an ill-defined heterogeneous tumor mass which surrounded almost the whole ascending colon. The patient underwent right hemicolectomy and partial resection of ileum. Histopathological examination revealed a leiomyosarcoma composed of atypical spindle cells positive for ? smooth muscle actin, desmin and vimentin, and negative for c-kit, CD34, S100 and neuron specific enolase. The patient is alive 8 months after the operation, undergoing chemotherapy. Conclusion. We have concluded that the multimodal approach comprising chemotherapy and complete surgical resection controls the leiomyosarcomas.

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Immunohistochemical Comparison of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor and Solitary Fibrous Tumor

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.5858/2002-126-1189-icogst ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 126 (10) ◽

pp. 1189-1192 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Vinod B. Shidham ◽

Mamatha Chivukula ◽

Dilip Gupta ◽

R. Nagarjun Rao ◽

Richard Komorowski

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ◽

Smooth Muscle Actin ◽

S100 Protein ◽

Muscle Actin ◽

Santa Cruz ◽

Stromal Tumors ◽

Solitary Fibrous Tumors ◽

Positive Immunoreactivity ◽

Fibrous Tumor

Abstract Context.—The differential diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and solitary fibrous tumors (SFT) may be a diagnostic challenging because of overlapping clinicopathologic features. Many studies have shown consistent immunoreactivity for CD117 (c-Kit) in GIST. However, only a few studies have evaluated CD117 expression in SFT, and these studies have used an antibody from Santa Cruz Biotechnology. In non-GIST lesions, reactivity with this antibody has been shown to differ from that with a CD117 antibody from Dako Corporation. The immunoreactivity of SFT with the Dako CD117 antibody has not been reported. Conversely, CD99 is a marker for SFT, and its expression in GIST has not been evaluated. Objective.—To study the immunohistochemical profiles of GIST and SFT to evaluate their diagnostic overlap. Design.—We studied the immunoreactivity of 27 unequivocal GIST and 19 unequivocal extra-abdominal SFT for CD117, CD34, CD99, α-smooth muscle actin, vimentin, CD31, S100 protein, and muscle-specific actin. All antibodies, including CD117, were from Dako Corporation. Results.—We found positive immunoreactivity for CD117 in 100% of GIST and none of SFT; for CD34 in 89% of GIST, and 100% of SFT; for CD99 in 89% of GIST and 100% of SFT; for α-smooth muscle actin in 48% of GIST and 31% of SFT; for vimentin in 89% of GIST and 90% of SFT; and for muscle-specific actin in 22% of GIST and none of SFT. None of the GIST or SFT showed immunoreactivity for CD31 and S100 protein. Conclusions.—The major difference between GIST and SFT was strong CD117 immunoexpression in all GIST and an absence of this expression in all SFT. With the exception of muscle-specific actin, the prevalence of immunoreactivity for the markers studied did not differ substantially between these 2 tumors. We conclude that GIST and SFT show distinctly divergent immunoprofiles with respect to CD117 and muscle-specific actin.

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