scholarly journals Vehicles Emissions Under Different Driving Conditions in Urban Areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 438-441
Author(s):  
Gelu Coman ◽  
Mugurel Salvadore Burciu ◽  
Nicusor Baroiu
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
The Road ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Vehicle Load ◽  
Vehicles Emissions ◽  
Operating Regimes

The road traffic is one of the main sources of atmospheric pollution in urban areas. This study aims to identify the emissions level for different driving regimes of diesel-powered vehicles that run into urban areas. The study has been performed in laboratory conditions and simulates various driving modes. This paper investigates the effects of vehicle speed, fuel consumption, acceleration, vehicle load on gaseous pollutant emissions (NOx, CO2, CO). The different pollution levels with smoke are also analyzed between idling regimes (maximum opacity index for fast acceleration between minimum and maximum speed) and different loads. The paper states some recommendations concerning the optimal operating regimes of the cars in urban areas, based on the conclusions on the measured levels of pollution.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of Road Traffic Reorganization on Air Quality: A Street Canyon Case Study

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 695
Author(s):  
Marek Bogacki ◽  
Robert Oleniacz ◽  
Mateusz Rzeszutek ◽  
Paulina Bździuch ◽  
Adriana Szulecka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Commercial Vehicles ◽  
The Road ◽  
Management Changes ◽  
The Impact

One of the elements of strategy aimed at minimizing the impact of road transport on air quality is the introduction of its reorganization resulting in decreased pollutant emissions to the air. The aim of the study was to determine the optimal strategy of corrective actions in terms of the air pollutant emissions from road transport. The study presents the assessment results of the emission reduction degree of selected pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, and NOx) as well as the impact evaluation of this reduction on their concentrations in the air for adopted scenarios of the road management changes for one of the street canyons in Krakow (Southern Poland). Three scenarios under consideration of the city authorities were assessed: narrowing the cross-section of the street by eliminating one lane in both directions, limiting the maximum speed from 70 km/h to 50 km/h, and allowing only passenger and light commercial vehicles on the streets that meet the Euro 4 standard or higher. The best effects were obtained for the variant assuming banning of vehicles failing to meet the specified Euro standard. It would result in a decrease of the yearly averaged PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations by about 8–9% and for NOx by almost 30%.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Impact of Traffic Violation Monitoring on the Vehicle Speeds of Urban Main Road: Taking China as an Example

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Fuquan Pan ◽  
Yongzheng Yang ◽  
Lixia Zhang ◽  
Changxi Ma ◽  
Jinshun Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Probability Density ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Main Road ◽  
The Road ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Traffic Violation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Monitoring Area

In recent years, there are more and more applications of traffic violation monitoring in some countries. The present work aims to analyze the vehicle speeds nearby road traffic violation monitoring area on urban main roads and find out the impact of road traffic violation monitoring on the vehicle speeds. A representative urban main road section was selected and the traffic flow was recorded by camera method. The vehicle speeds before, within, and after the road traffic violation monitoring area were obtained by the calculation method. The speed data was classified and processed by SPSS software and mathematical method to establish the vehicle speed probability density models before, within, and after the road traffic violation monitoring area. The results show that the average speed and maximum speed within the traffic violation monitoring area are significantly slower than those before and after the traffic violation monitoring area. 70.1% of the vehicles before the road traffic violation monitoring area were speeding, and 80.2% of the vehicles after the road traffic violation monitoring area were speeding, while within the road traffic violation monitoring area, the speeding vehicles were reduced to 15.9%. When vehicles pass through the road traffic violation monitoring area, the vehicle speeds tend to first decrease and subsequently increase. In its active area, road traffic violation monitoring can effectively regulate driving behaviors and reduce speeding, but this effect is limited to the vicinity of the traffic violation monitoring. The distribution of vehicle speeds can be calculated from vehicle speed probability density models.

scholarly journals AN INNOVATIVE TOOL FOR THE EVALUATION OF NOx EMISSIONS FROM ROAD TRAFFIC

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rozalia Melania Boitor ◽  
Rodica Dorina Cadar ◽  
Petru Daniel Maran ◽  
Marco Petrelli
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Dynamic Traffic Assignment ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Critical Areas ◽  
Proxy Measure ◽  
Innovative Tool

In the last years, there was great interest in the development of tools for an effective evaluation of road transport pollutant-related emissions, especially in the urban areas. This paper represents an innovative approach for identifying criticalities about pollutant emissions associated with road traffic and for defining effective policies in order to decrease pollutant emissions. The proposed tool concerns the development of an emission indicator, a proxy measure, which is useful for the assessment of emission problems, based on the use of GPS (Global Positioning System) instantaneous vehicle speed data. The tool can be considered an innovative and adequate solution in many cases in which the development of a valid and robust traffic simulation model, especially DTA (dynamic traffic assignment) is not available in the medium- and short-term horizon. The methodological process concerns the monitoring of road traffic conditions using GPS data from probe vehicles in combination with the use of GIS (Geographic Information System) for the estimation of an emission indicator. The tool has been tested on a real case study in the city of Cluj in Romania for the NOx emissions. The results show the utility of the tool in supporting policy and decision making, due to its ease of application and consistency, especially in defining critical areas.

A Model Predictive Control Strategy for Lateral and Longitudinal Dynamics in Autonomous Driving

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irfan Khan ◽  
Stefano Feraco ◽  
Angelo Bonfitto ◽  
Nicola Amati
Keyword(s):  
Model Predictive Control ◽  
Predictive Control ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Reference Trajectory ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
The Road ◽  
Speed Regulation ◽  
Road Geometry

Abstract This paper presents a controller dedicated to the lateral and longitudinal vehicle dynamics control for autonomous driving. The proposed strategy exploits a Model Predictive Control strategy to perform lateral guidance and speed regulation. To this end, the algorithm controls the steering angle and the throttle and brake pedals for minimizing the vehicle’s lateral deviation and relative yaw angle with respect to the reference trajectory, while the vehicle speed is controlled to drive at the maximum acceptable longitudinal speed considering the adherence and legal speed limits. The technique exploits data computed by a simulated camera mounted on the top of the vehicle while moving in different driving scenarios. The longitudinal control strategy is based on a reference speed generator, which computes the maximum speed considering the road geometry and lateral motion of the vehicle at the same time. The proposed controller is tested in highway, interurban and urban driving scenarios to check the performance of the proposed method in different driving environments.

scholarly journals Assessment of road traffic performance of the Tsunami evacuation road in Padang Municipality area based on the traffic volume simulation approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 04008
Author(s):  
Yossyafra Yossyafra ◽  
Nurhuda Fitri ◽  
Rahmat Punama Sidhi ◽  
Yosritzal Yosritzal ◽  
Deni Irda Mazni
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Vehicle Ownership ◽  
The Road ◽  
Tsunami Disaster

There are many cities on the west coast of the Sumatra, which are at high risk of the Tsunami disaster. Regional Regulations on Regional Spatial Planning for each City/ Regency have compiled disaster mitigation by constructing several evacuation roads. This study wants to illustrate: what are the volume of traffic generation and road performance, if there is a Tsunami disaster. The simulation is developed by predicting traffic volume based on parameters, population density, vehicle ownership, land use, and activities in the area around the road. The assessment was carried out on two tsunami evacuation roads in the city of Padang, West Sumatra Province. The results show that the highest traffic volume occurred in the period from 06.30 a.m until 3:00 p.m., during school activities. One of the roads will not be able to accommodate the volume of traffic during a disaster, due to significant traffic congestion. This study shows that: (1) the period of activity and land use are two main parameters, which must be considered in designing tsunami evacuation roads, (2) The degree of saturation ratio and the ratio between the capacity of sections of Tsunami evacuation routes can be proposed as a parameter for assessing the performance of Tsunami evacuation roads in urban areas.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Diachronic Development of CO2 Emission Levels in Relation to Traffic Characteristics Along Major Road Axes During an Era of Recession: the Case of Greece

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 614-640
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
The Road ◽  
Automotive Market ◽  
Traffic Characteristics ◽  
Key Factor

The problem of reducing CO2 emissions from transport, a major contributor to the greenhouse effect, has become a growing concern for the scientific community and various international committees monitoring climate change. Energy savings in the transport sector are a key factor towards rational management of oil reserves, while new trends in the automotive market have already been established, supported by research on efficient and environmentally-friendly technologies and alternative fuels to face fossil fuel dependency. The road transport sector is an important part for most developed economies but also a major source of pollutant emissions. In this framework, this paper focuses on transport emissions along the main road axis in Greece, connecting the country’s two largest urban areas, during the years 2008-2014, a period of prolonged recession. Based on traffic data collected at the toll stations along the highway, greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions were calculated using the COPERT4 emission estimation tool. According to the results, a sharp fall in emissions is observed largely due to traffic volume reductions, but also due to a prevailing trend for larger displacement vehicles and technologically improved vehicles with better environmental standards.

Versatile Model for Simulation of Rural Road Traffic

2005 ◽  
Vol 1934 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Tapani
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Driver Assistance Systems ◽  
Rural Roads ◽  
Detailed Model ◽  
Rural Highways ◽  
Urban Street ◽  
The Road ◽  
Rural Road ◽  
Microsimulation Models

In many countries the road mileage is dominated by rural highways. For that reason it is important to have access to efficient tools for evaluation of the performance of such roads. For other road types, e.g., freeways and urban street networks, a wealth of microsimulation models is available. However, only a few models dedicated to rural roads have been developed. None of these models handles traffic flows interrupted by intersections or roundabouts, nor are the models capable of describing the traffic flow on rural roads with a cable barrier between oncoming lanes. These are major drawbacks when Swedish roads, on which cable barriers and roundabouts are becoming increasingly important, are modeled. Moreover, as new areas of application for rural road simulation arise, a flexible and detailed model is needed. Such applications include, among other things, simulation of driver assistance systems and estimation of pollutant emissions. This paper introduces a versatile traffic microsimulation model for the rural roads of today and of the future. The model system presented, the Rural Traffic Simulator (RuTSim), is capable of handling all common types of rural roads, including the effects of roundabouts and intersections on the traffic on the main road. The purpose of the paper is to describe the simulation approach and the traffic modeling used in RuTSim. A verification of the RuTSim model is also included. RuTSim is found to produce outputs representative of all common types of rural roads in Sweden.

Measurement of Acoustic Properties of the Safety Anti-Skid Modification - ROCBINDATM

2018 ◽  
Vol 1145 ◽  
pp. 140-145
Author(s):  
Petr Kozak ◽  
Radka Matuszkova ◽  
Michal Radimsky
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Road Traffic Noise ◽  
The Road ◽  
Vehicle Propulsion

The noise pollution is an important factor for people living near roads. The road traffic noise is endangering the health of these residents and the quality of their lives. The tyre / road noise became the most significant source of the road traffic noise due reduced noise emissions from the vehicle propulsion system by the automotive industry. An important recent trend is increasing the traffic safety by improving anti-skid properties of roads in critical locations. Experts have concluded that some anti-skid modifications may increase the noise pollution. Because the usage of such pavements is predominantly in urban areas, problems may occur. This paper deals with the noise level of the safety anti-skid modification of the road surface used in the urban areas. Based on the presented measurement values it can be said that the RocbindaTM safety anti-skid modification does not achieve any increased acoustic performance compared to the asphalt pavement.

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