A Review of Compressed Air Engine in the Vehicle Propulsion System

Engines powered by compressed air as a source of propulsion are known for many years. Nevertheless, this type of drive is not commonly used. The main reason for not using commonly is the problem with the low energy density of the compressed air. They offer a number of advantages, primarily focusing on the possibility of significantly lowering the emissions of the engine. Their emissivity mainly depends on the method of obtaining compressed air. This also has an impact on the economic aspects of the drive. Currently there are only a few, ready to implement, compressed air powered engine solutions available on the market. A major advantage is the ability to convert internal combustion engines to run with compressed air. The study provides a literature review of solutions, focusing on a multifaceted analysis of pneumatic drives. Increasing vehicle approval requirements relating to their emissions performance are encouraging for the search of alternative power sources. This creates an opportunity for the development of unpopular propulsion systems, including pneumatic engines. Analysing the works of some researchers, it is possible to notice a significant increase in the efficiency of the drive, which may contribute to its popularisation.

Multi-Inverter Linear Motor Based Vehicle Propulsion System for a Small Cargo Transportation

The paper provides an analysis of a transportation system with a long stator linear drive. The presented analysis for an in-house transportation system may be easily scaled into large transportation systems like maglev and hyperloop. It investigates the impact of the division of the stator into shorter parts which are sequentially supplied. Then it compares the concept of single-inverter and multi-inverter drive systems. The presented research includes the analysis of drive system power parameters. The drive system characteristics depending on the length of the active part of the linear motor are presented for each configuration, followed by a description of differences in the required inverter power and the obtained average thrust force. The paper proposes a new arrangement of the multi-inverter drive system incorporating multi-level inverters, which allows decreasing voltage oscillations in the DC circuit of drive inverters. The operation of the transportation system is presented in a simulation study. The paper is concluded with the verification of the concept in an experimental study in a 50 m test track.

Modelling of Brushless DC Motor Drive for Electric Vehicle Application

In Electric vehicle, motor plays a significant role. In wheel, motor improves the efficiency and safety of high-performance Electric vehicle. There are a lot of motors available in market, out of all considering their advantages and disadvantages Brushless DC motor is chosen as an efficient motor for Electric vehicle propulsion. The reason behind to choose BLDC motor is because of its desired torque vs speed characteristics, cost of maintenance is low, efficiency is high and has high power density. In this model simulation of an accurate and precise BLDC drive for Electric vehicle application is done and Simulation results such as speed, Electromechanical torque, and various phase voltages graphs are obtained.

Thermal Feature Detection of Vehicle Categories in the Urban Area

The main goal of this paper is to present new possibilities for the detection and recognition of different categories of electric and conventional (equipped with combustion engines) vehicles using a thermal video camera. The paper presents a draft of a possible detection and classification system of vehicle propulsion systems working with thermal analyses. The differences in thermal features of different vehicle categories were found out and statistically proved. The thermal images were obtained using an infrared thermography camera. They were utilized to design a database of vehicle class images of passenger vehicles (PVs), vans, and buses. The results confirmed the hypothesis that infrared thermography might be used for categorizing the vehicle type according to the thermal features of vehicle exteriors and machine learning methods for vehicle type recognition.