scholarly journals Effect of 2,6-diisopropylphenol and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(fluoromethoxy) propane as Anesthetic

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 1888-1892
Author(s):  
Mary-Nicoleta Lupu ◽  
Magdalena Miulescu ◽  
Ioana Anca Stefanopol ◽  
Gabriela Stoleriu ◽  
Madalina Nicoleta Matei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Molar Mass ◽  
Isopropyl Ether ◽  
Anaesthetic Drug ◽  
General Anesthetic ◽  
Sodium Thiopental ◽  
Intravenous Anaesthetic ◽  
Anesthetic Property

Sevoflurane (2,2,2-trifluoro-1-[trifluoromethyl]ethyl fluoromethyl ether or C4H3F7O), with a molar mass 200.055 g/mol, also called fluoromethyl, is a highly fluorinated methyl isopropyl ether with general anesthetic property, available for clinical practice for about 30 years. Sevoflurane is a sweet-smelling, non-flammable and it is used for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. Together with desflurane, it is replacing isoflurane and halothane in modern anesthesiology. Propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol or C12H18O), with a molar mass 178.271g/mol is an alkylphenol derivative formulated for induction and maintenance (in some cases) of general anesthesia, sedation and hypnosis and acting as an intravenous anaesthetic drug, having largely replaced sodium thiopental because recovery from propofol is more rapid and clear.

scholarly journals General anesthesia with remimazolam in a patient with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Suzuki ◽  
Matsuyuki Doi ◽  
Yoshiki Nakajima
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acidosis ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Mitochondrial Disease ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Anesthetic Management ◽  
Perioperative Period ◽  
Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy ◽  
Anesthesia Induction ◽  
General Anesthetic ◽  
Anesthetic Agents

Abstract Background Systemic anesthetic management of patients with mitochondrial disease requires careful preoperative preparation to administer adequate anesthesia and address potential disease-related complications. The appropriate general anesthetic agents to use in these patients remain controversial. Case presentation A 54-year-old woman (height, 145 cm; weight, 43 kg) diagnosed with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes underwent elective cochlear implantation. Infusions of intravenous remimazolam and remifentanil guided by patient state index monitoring were used for anesthesia induction and maintenance. Neither lactic acidosis nor prolonged muscle relaxation occurred in the perioperative period. At the end of surgery, flumazenil was administered to antagonize sedation, which rapidly resulted in consciousness. Conclusions Remimazolam administration and reversal with flumazenil were successfully used for general anesthesia in a patient with mitochondrial disease.

scholarly journals Could radical pairs play a role in xenon-induced general anesthesia?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Smith ◽  
Hadi Zadeh Haghighi ◽  
Christoph Simon
Keyword(s):  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Radical Pair ◽  
The Body ◽  
Radical Pair Mechanism ◽  
General Anesthetic ◽  
Radical Pairs ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Isotopic Dependence ◽  
Anesthetic Potency ◽  
Recombination Dynamics

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the mechanisms underlying anesthesia would be a key step towards understanding consciousness. The process of xenon-induced general anesthesia has been shown to involve electron transfer, and the potency of xenon as a general anesthetic exhibits isotopic dependence. We propose that these observations can be explained by a mechanism in which the xenon nuclear spin influences the recombination dynamics of a naturally occurring radical pair of electrons. We develop a simple model inspired by the body of work on the radical-pair mechanism in cryptochrome in the context of avian magnetoreception, and we show that our model can reproduce the observed isotopic dependence of the general anesthetic potency of xenon in mice. Our results are consistent with the idea that radical pairs of electrons with entangled spins could be important for consciousness.

scholarly journals Olfactory Dysfunction After Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaxi Wang ◽  
Hua Li ◽  
Xuanping Huang ◽  
Nuo Zhou
Keyword(s):  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Nasal Septum ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Nasotracheal Intubation ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Olfactory Dysfunction ◽  
Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
General Anesthetic ◽  
Anesthetic Drugs ◽  
Nasal Septum Deviation

Abstract Background: Although anesthesia can contribute to olfactory dysfunction, it is a rare complication after oral and maxillofacial surgery by general anesthesia.Cases presentation: In this study, we introduced 3 cases of patient suffering from anosmia (complete loss of smell), after oral and maxillofacial surgery by general anesthesia. We also investigated possible etiologies of anosmia. Conclusions: There are some evidences that anosmia is caused by nasotracheal intubation, which may cause OM injury and/or swing of the nasal septum in patients with nasal septum deviation. Olfactory dysfunction via general anesthetic drugs, however, may have a different etiology.

STUDY OF THE STATE OF STRESS-IMPLEMENTING SYSTEMS IN ABDOMINAL DELIVERY DEPENDING ON ANESTHETIC TECHNIQUES

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 2378-2385
Author(s):  
Marine A. Georgiyants ◽  
Olena V. Vуsotska ◽  
Nataliia P. Seredenko ◽  
Tatiana V. Chernii ◽  
Hanna N. Strashnenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Stress Hormones ◽  
Anesthetic Techniques ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Sodium Thiopental ◽  
State Of Stress ◽  
Abdominal Delivery

The aim: Evaluation of stress-protective effects of various anesthetic techniques on Cesarean section (CS). Materials and methods: 127 pregnant women who delivered by cesarean section, were divided into 4 subgroups: 1a (n = 31) – general anesthesia (GA) with ketamine, 1b (n = 31) – GA with sodium thiopental, 2a (n = 31) – spinal anesthesia (SA), 2b (n = 34) – SA with intravenous administration of ondansetron at a dose of 8 mg. The assessment was performed at 5 stages: 1 – initial; 2 – infant extraction; 3 – 6 hours after surgery; 4 – 12 hours after surgery. Results: At stage 2, insulin levels in 1a and 1b subgroups decreased by 23.9% and 34.1%, while in 2a and 2b subgroups there were no significant changes. There was an increase in the levels of cortisol, prolactin and cortisol/insulin ratio at the 2 and 3 stages in the 1a and 1b subgroups. Pain intensity increased by the 3 stage in patients of all groups. It was the highest in the 1a and 1b subgroups. At the 4 stage, pain intensity was reduced in all groups, remaining significantly higher in patients of 1a and 1b subgroups. Conclusions: The dynamics of the content of stress hormones, the pain intensity in patients undergoing CS under SA give reason to consider this method as an optimal and adequate one for protection from surgery stress.

Intraoperative Awareness

2018 ◽  
pp. 443-446
Author(s):  
Jennifer Knuth ◽  
Lindsay Gennari ◽  
John Cagino
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Trauma Surgery ◽  
Rare Event ◽  
General Anesthetic ◽  
Intraoperative Awareness ◽  
Patient Reports ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Patient’S Outcome

Awareness following general anesthesia is a rare event; however, it may have significant impact on patient satisfaction and long-term morbidity. Detecting intraoperative awareness during a general anesthetic is difficult due to the fact that the signs and symptoms are often absent in documented cases of awareness. Often, intraoperative awareness goes unnoticed until a patient reports the experience. Anesthesiologists should be cognizant of the risk factors associated with an increased risk of intraoperative awareness. Cesarean section performed under general anesthesia, cardiac surgery, and trauma surgery all carry an increased risk. Anesthesiologists should consider patient specific risk factors involving a higher than expected anesthetic requirement in developing their anesthetic plan. In the event of intraoperative awareness, the anesthesiologist’s actions and interactions with the patient are critical in improving the patient’s’ outcome and minimizing long-term psychological stress. Anesthesiologists should acknowledge the event and create a supportive relationship with the patient.

scholarly journals The Auditory Brainstem Response: Latencies Obtained in Children While under General Anesthesia

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (01) ◽  
pp. 057-063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda W. Norrix ◽  
Stacey Trepanier ◽  
Matthew Atlas ◽  
Darlyne Kim
Keyword(s):  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Auditory Brainstem Response ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neural Function ◽  
General Anesthetic ◽  
Response Latencies ◽  
Hearing Sensitivity ◽  
Brainstem Response ◽  
Group Delays

Background: The auditory brainstem response (ABR) test is frequently employed to estimate hearing sensitivity and assess the integrity of the ascending auditory system. In persons who cannot participate in conventional tests of hearing, a short-acting general anesthetic is used, recordings are obtained, and the results are compared with normative data. However, several factors (e.g., anesthesia, temperature changes) can contribute to delayed absolute and interpeak latencies, making it difficult to evaluate the integrity of the person's auditory brainstem function. Purpose: In this study, we investigated the latencies of ABR responses in children who received general anesthesia. Research Design: Between subject. Study Sample: Twelve children between the ages of 29 and 52 mo, most of whom exhibited a developmental delay but normal peripheral auditory function, comprised the anesthesia group. Twelve participants between the ages of 13 and 26 yr with normal hearing thresholds comprised the control group. Data Collection and Analysis: ABRs from a single ear from children, recorded under general anesthesia, were retrospectively analyzed and compared to those obtained from a control group with no anesthesia. ABRs were generated using 80 dB nHL rarefaction click stimuli. T-tests, corrected for alpha slippage, were employed to examine latency differences between groups. Results: There were significant delays in latencies for children evaluated under general anesthesia compared to the control group. Delays were observed for wave V and the interpeak intervals I–III, III–V, and I–V. Conclusions: Our data suggest that caution is needed in interpreting neural function from ABR data recorded while a child is under general anesthesia.

scholarly journals Regional or general anesthesia for fast-track hip and knee replacement - what is the evidence?

F1000Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 1449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Kehlet ◽  
Eske Kvanner Aasvang
Keyword(s):  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Spinal Anesthesia ◽  
Regional Anesthesia ◽  
Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
Afferent Input ◽  
Bladder Function ◽  
Anesthetic Techniques ◽  
Thromboembolic Complications ◽  
General Anesthetic ◽  
Knee And Hip Arthroplasty

Regional anesthesia for knee and hip arthroplasty may have favorable outcome effects compared with general anesthesia by effectively blocking afferent input, providing initial postoperative analgesia, reducing endocrine metabolic responses, and providing sympathetic blockade with reduced bleeding and less risk of thromboembolic complications but with undesirable effects on lower limb motor and urinary bladder function. Old randomized studies supported the use of regional anesthesia with fewer postoperative pulmonary and thromboembolic complications, and this has been supported by recent large non-randomized epidemiological database cohort studies. In contrast, the data from newer randomized trials are conflicting, and recent studies using modern general anesthetic techniques may potentially support the use of general versus spinal anesthesia. In summary, the lack of properly designed large randomized controlled trials comparing modern general anesthesia and spinal anesthesia for knee and hip arthroplasty prevents final recommendations and calls for prospective detailed studies in this clinically important field.

scholarly journals Influence of the options for the induction of general anesthesia for elective abdominal delivery on condition of newborns

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
A. N. Biryukov ◽  
A. G. Klimov ◽  
E. N. Ershov ◽  
O. V. Pashchenko
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
General Anaesthesia ◽  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Elective Cesarean Section ◽  
Sodium Thiopental ◽  
Somatic Status ◽  
Elective Cesarean ◽  
Thiopental Sodium ◽  
Abdominal Delivery

Objective: to evaluate and compare the influence of the options for the induction of general anesthesia for elective abdominal delivery on the condition of newborns. Materials and Methods: The study included 160 newborns, which were born via elective cesarean section under general anaesthesia. All newborns were divided into 4 groups, 40 in each, depending on the anesthetics used for the induction of general anesthesia. In the 1st group, thiopental sodium 5 mg/kg was used; in the 2nd - sodium thiopental 7 mg/kg; in the 3rd - propofol 2,5 mg/kg; in the 4th- sodium thiopental 5 mg/kg with sevoflurane (0,5 MAC). The influence of anesthesia on condition of newborns was evaluated by the Apgar scale and the neurological and adaptive capacity scale NACS.Results: statistically significant differences were not found in assessing newborns on scales. Conclusion: All the researched drugs and their doses used for the induction of general anesthesia during elective abdominal delivery do not adversely effect on the neurological and somatic status of the newborn.

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