scholarly journals PREDICTING MAXIMAL COUNTERMOVEMENT JUMP HEIGHT FROM UPRIGHT AND SQUAT POSITIONS HEAD TITLE: UPRIGHT AND SQUAT MAXIMUM JUMP HEIGHT PREDICTORS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2021) ◽  
pp. 3-16
Author(s):  
David N. Suprak ◽  
◽  
Tal Amasay ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Peak Power ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Arm Movement ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Rate Of Force Development ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Force Development ◽  
Height Prediction

Introduction. Countermovement jump is common in sport and testing and performed from various starting positions. Little is known about effective contributors to maximal countermovement jump height from various starting positions. Purpose and Objectives. Determine effective jump height predictors and effect of starting position on countermovement jump height. Applied Methodology. Forty-nine collegiate athletes performed maximal height countermovement jumps from upright and squatting positions with arm movement. Several variables were calculated from kinetic data. Correlation and regression determined variables related to and predictive of jump height in both conditions. Paired t-tests evaluated differences in jump height. Achieved Major Results. Upright condition jump height positively correlated with peak force and power, eccentric and concentric impulses, and countermovement depth. Jump height prediction included peak force and power, and eccentric and concentric impulses. Squat condition jump height positively correlated with peak force and power, mean rate of force development, force generated at the beginning of propulsion, and concentric impulse. Jump height prediction equation included mean rate of force development, force at the beginning of propulsion, and peak power. Jump height was higher in the upright condition. Conclusions. Higher jumps are achieved from the upright position. Peak force, peak power, and concentric and eccentric impulses best contribute to upright jump height. Mean rate of force development, force at the beginning of propulsion, and peak power best predicted squat jump height. Limitations. We did not restrict arm movement, to encourage natural motion. Depth was not controlled, rather advising a comfortable depth. Subjects were recruited from various collegiate sports. Practical implications. Maximal jump height from various positions may be achieved through efforts to maximize jump peak power and increase musculotendinous loading in sport-specific starting positions. Originality/Value. This is the first study to explore the predictors of upright and squat countermovement jumps. These results can guide jump performance training.

The effects of vertically oriented resistance training on golf drive performance in collegiate golfers

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Austin R Driggers ◽  
Kimitake Sato
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Division I ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Ball Speed ◽  
Force Development ◽  
Vertical Jumps

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of vertically oriented resistance training on golf driving performance. Ten Division-I collegiate golfers completed two resistance training sessions per week for 10 weeks during the fall tournament season. Pre- and post-training assessments of strength-power and golf performance were compared. To assess strength-power, jump height, peak force, and peak power were measured from static and countermovement vertical jumps; peak force and rate of force development from 0 to 250 ms were measured from an isometric mid-thigh pull. Golf performance was assessed in terms of ball launch speed, spin rate, carry yardage, and total yardage, averaged from five shots using a driver. Following training, all measures of strength-power improved, with countermovement jump peak power improving significantly ( p < 0.00625). The golf performance assessment indicated significant increases ( p < 0.0125) in ball speed, carry yardage, and total yardage. These results suggest that vertically oriented resistance training can improve golf driving performance.

Relative Net Vertical Impulse Determines Jumping Performance

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler J. Kirby ◽  
Jeffrey M. McBride ◽  
Tracie L. Haines ◽  
Andrea M. Dayne
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Velocity Peak ◽  
Force Peak ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the relationship between relative net vertical impulse and jump height in a countermovement jump and static jump performed to varying squat depths. Ten college-aged males with 2 years of jumping experience participated in this investigation (age: 23.3 ± 1.5 years; height: 176.7 ± 4.5 cm; body mass: 84.4 ± 10.1 kg). Subjects performed a series of static jumps and countermovement jumps in a randomized fashion to a depth of 0.15, 0.30, 0.45, 0.60, and 0.75 m and a self-selected depth (static jump depth = 0.38 ± 0.08 m, countermovement jump depth = 0.49 ± 0.06 m). During the concentric phase of each jump, peak force, peak velocity, peak power, jump height, and net vertical impulse were recorded and analyzed. Net vertical impulse was divided by body mass to produce relative net vertical impulse. Increasing squat depth corresponded to a decrease in peak force and an increase in jump height and relative net vertical impulse for both static jump and countermovement jump. Across all depths, relative net vertical impulse was statistically significantly correlated to jump height in the static jump (r= .9337,p< .0001, power = 1.000) and countermovement jump (r= .925,p< .0001, power = 1.000). Across all depths, peak force was negatively correlated to jump height in the static jump (r= –0.3947,p= .0018, power = 0.8831) and countermovement jump (r= –0.4080,p= .0012, power = 0.9050). These results indicate that relative net vertical impulse can be used to assess vertical jump performance, regardless of initial squat depth, and that peak force may not be the best measure to assess vertical jump performance.

scholarly journals Stretch-Shortening Cycle in Countermovement Jump: Exclusive Review of Force-Time Curve Variables in Eccentric and Concentric Phases

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Cheraghi ◽  
Javad Sarvestan ◽  
Masoud Sebyani ◽  
Elham Shirzad
Keyword(s):  
Peak Power ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Time Variables ◽  
Force Time

The importance of vertical jump in sport fields and rehabilitation is widely recognized. Furthermore, Force-Time variables of vertical jump are factors affecting jumping height. Exclusive review of each of this variables, in eccentric and concentric phases, can lead to a specific focus on them during jumping exercises. So, the aims of his study were to a) reviewing the relationship between force-time curve variables of eccentric and concentric phases with jump height and b) description of this variables in Iran national youth volleyball players society. This is an observational study. 12 elite volleyball player (Male, Iran national youth volleyball players, 17&plusmn;0.7 years) have participated in this study. Correlation between Force-Time variables - included peak force (PF), relative peak force (RPP), peak power (PP), average power (AP), relative peak power (RPP), and Modified Reactive Strength Index (MRSI) - in eccentric and concentric phases and ultimate jump height has been studied. Results showed that the average power (r=0.7) and relative peak force (r=0.75) of concentric phase and MRSI (r=0.83) have significant correlation with ultimate jump height (JH). Relative peak power and average power of concentric phase can massively effect Jump Height in sports like volleyball, which vertical jump is an integral part of them. Focus on both of these factors, which has been studied in this research, in training programs, can improve athlete jump performance significantly.

Influence of Dorsiflexion Shoes on Jump Performance

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-293
Author(s):  
Juan J. Salinero ◽  
Cristina González-Millán ◽  
Javier Abián-Vicén ◽  
Juan Del Coso Garrigós
Keyword(s):  
Peak Power ◽  
Center Of Gravity ◽  
Force Platform ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Plantar Flexors ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Lower Position ◽  
Jump Test ◽  
Sports Shoes

The goal of dorsiflexion sports shoes is to increase jumping capacity by means of a lower position of the heel in relation to the forefoot which results in additional stretching of the ankle plantar flexors. The aim of this study was to compare a dorsiflexion sports shoe model with two conventional sports shoe models in a countermovement jump test. The sample consisted of 35 participants who performed a countermovement jump test on a force platform wearing the three models of shoes. There were significant differences in the way force was manifested (P< 0.05) in the countermovement jump test, with a decrease in the velocity of the center of gravity and an increase in force at peak power and mean force in the concentric phase. Moreover, peak power was reached earlier with the dorsiflexion sports shoe model. The drop of the center of gravity was increased in CS1 in contrast to the dorsiflexion sports shoe model (P< .05). However, the dorsiflexion sports shoes were not effective for improving either peak power or jump height (P> .05). Although force manifestation and jump kinetics differ between dorsiflexion shoes and conventional sports shoes, jump performance was similar.

scholarly journals The Influence of Injury History on Countermovement Jump Performance and Movement Strategy in Professional Soccer Players: Implications for Profiling and Rehabilitation Foci

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Andy Mitchell ◽  
Craig Holding ◽  
Matt Greig
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Rate Of Force Development ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Lower Limb Injury ◽  
Force Development ◽  
Previous Injury ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Movement Strategy

Context: Professional soccer players who have sustained a lower limb injury are up to 3× more likely to suffer a reinjury, often of increased severity. Previous injury has been shown to induce compensatory strategies during neuromuscular screening tests, which might mask deficits and lead to misinterpretation of readiness to play based on task outcome measures. Objective: To investigate the influence of previous injury in professional soccer players on countermovement jump (CMJ) performance and movement strategy. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Professional soccer club competing in the English Championship (tier 2). Patients (or Other Participants): Outfield players with a minimum of 6 years as a professional. Intervention(s): Players were categorized as previously injured (n = 10) or not injured (n = 10). All players completed double- and single-leg CMJ trials. Main Outcome Measures: CMJ performance was quantified as jump height and flight time:contraction time ratio. CMJ movement strategy was quantified as force–time history, differentiating eccentric and concentric phases and CMJ depth. Results: Double-leg CMJ was not sensitive to previous injury in performance or movement strategy. In contrast, single-leg CMJ performance was impaired in players with previous injury, who generated significantly lower eccentric and concentric peak force and rate of force development, and a deeper countermovement. Impaired single-leg CMJ performance was also evident in the nonaffected limb of previously injured players, suggesting cross-contamination. Hierarchical ordering revealed that the eccentric phase of the CMJ contributed little to performance in previously injured players. In noninjured players, the eccentric rate of force development and concentric peak force were able to account for up to 89% of the variation in CMJ performance. Conclusions: Single-leg CMJ is advocated for player profiling, being more sensitive to previous injury, and negating the opportunity for interlimb compensation strategies. Movement strategy deficits in previously injured players suggest rehabilitation foci specific to eccentric force development.

scholarly journals Sex-Related Changes in Physical Performance, Well-Being, and Neuromuscular Function of Elite Touch Players During a 4-Day International Tournament

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1138-1146
Author(s):  
Nick Dobbin ◽  
Cari Thorpe ◽  
Jamie Highton ◽  
Craig Twist
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Neuromuscular Function ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Males And Females

Purpose: To examine the within- and between-sexes physical performance, well-being, and neuromuscular function responses across a 4-day international touch rugby (Touch) tournament. Methods: Twenty-one males and 20 females completed measures of well-being (fatigue, soreness, sleep, mood, and stress) and neuromuscular function (countermovement jump height, peak power output, and peak force) during a 4-day tournament with internal, external, and perceptual loads recorded for all matches. Results: Relative and absolute total, low-intensity (females), and high-intensity distance were lower on day 3 (males and females) (effect size [ES] = −0.37 to −0.71) compared with day 1. Mean heart rate was possibly to most likely lower during the tournament (except day 2 males; ES = −0.36 to −0.74), whereas rating of perceived exertion-training load was consistently higher in females (ES = 0.02 to 0.83). The change in mean fatigue, soreness, and overall well-being was unclear to most likely lower (ES = −0.33 to −1.90) across the tournament for both sexes, with greater perceived fatigue and soreness in females on days 3 to 4 (ES = 0.39 to 0.78). Jump height and peak power output were possibly to most likely lower across days 2 to 4 (ES = −0.30 to −0.84), with greater reductions in females (ES = 0.21 to 0.66). Well-being, countermovement jump height, and peak force were associated with changes in external, internal, and perceptual measures of load across the tournament (η2 = −.37 to .39). Conclusions: Elite Touch players experience reductions in well-being, neuromuscular function, and running performance across a 4-day tournament, with notable differences in fatigue and running between males and females, suggesting that sex-specific monitoring and intervention strategies are necessary.

scholarly journals Maximum Strength, Rate of Force Development, Jump Height, and Peak Power Alterations in Weightlifters across Five Months of Training

Sports ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 78 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Hornsby ◽  
Jeremy Gentles ◽  
Christopher MacDonald ◽  
Satoshi Mizuguchi ◽  
Michael Ramsey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peak Power ◽  
Rate Of Force Development ◽  
Maximum Strength ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Force Development

Rate of Force Development, Muscle Architecture, and Performance in Elite Weightlifters

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Zaras ◽  
Angeliki-Nikoletta Stasinaki ◽  
Polyxeni Spiliopoulou ◽  
Giannis Arnaoutis ◽  
Marios Hadjicharalambous ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Muscle Architecture ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Repetition Maximum ◽  
Force Development ◽  
Leg Press

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between weightlifting performance and the rate of force development (RFD), muscle architecture, and body composition in elite Olympic weightlifters. Methods: Six male Olympic weightlifters (age 23.3 [3.4] y, body mass 88.7 [10.2] kg, body height 1.76 [0.07] m, snatch 146.7 [15.4] kg, clean and jerk 179.4 [22.1] kg), all members of the national team, participated in the study. Athletes completed a 16-week periodized training program aiming to maximize their performance at the national competition event. Measurements, including maximal strength (1-repetition maximum) in snatch, clean and jerk, back and front squat, isometric leg press RFD and peak force, countermovement jump, vastus lateralis muscle architecture, and body composition, were performed before and after the training period. Results: Weightlifting performance increased significantly after training (P < .05). Leg press RFD increased only in time windows of 0 to 200 and 0 to 250 milliseconds after training (8.9% [8.5%] and 9.4% [7.7%], respectively, P < .05) while peak force remained unaltered (P < .05). Front squat strength increased significantly (P < .05), while countermovement jump power increased 2.3% (2.1%) (P < .05). No changes were observed for muscle architecture and lean body mass (P > .05). Significant correlations were observed between performance in snatch and clean and jerk with isometric leg press RFD, at all time windows, as well as with lean body mass and squat 1-repetition maximum. Conclusions: These results suggest that regular examination of RFD, lean body mass, and lower extremities’ 1-repetition maximum may be useful performance predictors in elite Olympic weightlifters.

scholarly journals Peak Rate of Force Development and Isometric Maximum Strength of Back Muscles Are Associated With Power Performance During Load-Lifting Tasks

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 155798831982862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Zemková ◽  
Oliver Poór ◽  
Juraj Pecho
Keyword(s):  
Peak Force ◽  
Rate Of Force Development ◽  
Power Performance ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Back Muscles ◽  
Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Force Development ◽  
Lifting Task

This study investigates the relationship between peak force and rate of force development (RFD) obtained from maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) of the back muscles and the power produced during a loaded lifting task. A group of 27 resistance-trained and 41 recreationally physically active men performed a maximal isometric strength test of the back muscles and a deadlift to high pull while lifting progressively increasing weights. Peak RFD correlated significantly with the peak and mean power produced during a deadlift to high pull with lower weights (from 20 to 40 kg), with r values ranging from .941 to .673 and from .922 to .633. The r2 values ranged from .89 to .45 and from .85 to .40, explaining 89%–45% and 85%–40% of total variance. There were also significant relationships between MVC peak force and peak and mean values of power produced during a deadlift to high pull with weights ≥60 kg ( r in range from .764 to .888 and from .735 to .896). Based on r2, a moderate-to-high proportion of variance was explained (58%–79% and 54%–80%). These findings indicate that peak RFD obtained from MVC of the back muscles may be predictive of power performance during a lifting task at light loads. In addition to MVC peak force produced by back muscles, the ability of subjects to develop a high force in a short time should be evaluated in order to gain deeper insight into a loaded lifting performance, namely, in those prone to low back pain.

scholarly journals INTERPRETATION OF PROPULSIVE FORCE IN TETHERED SWIMMING THROUGH PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Maciel Andrade ◽  
Aylton José Figueira Júnior ◽  
Vanessa Metz ◽  
Alberto Carlos Amadio ◽  
Júlio Cerca Serrão
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Rate Of Force Development ◽  
Impulse Generation ◽  
Force Development ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Force Time ◽  
Minimum Force

ABSTRACT Introduction: Propulsive force in swimming, represented through impulse, is related to performance. However, since the as different biomechanical parameters contribute to impulse generation, coaches have a difficult task when seeking for performance improvement. Objective: Identify the main components involved in impulse generation in the front crawl stroke. Methods: Fourteen swimmers underwent a 10-second all-out fully tethered swimming test. The following parameters were obtained from the force-time curve: minimum force, peak force, mean force, time to peak force, rate of force development and stroke duration. This stage was followed by a principal component analysis. Results: The principal component analysis showed that component 1, predominantly kinetic, was composed of peak force, mean force and rate of force development, and accounted for 49.25% of total impulse variation, while component 2, predominantly temporal, composed of minimum force, stroke duration, and time to peak force, represented 26.43%. Conclusion: Kinetic parameters (peak force, mean force, and rate of force development) are more closely associated with impulse augmentation and, hypothetically, with non-tethered swimming performance. Level of Evidence II; Diagnostic studies - Investigating a diagnostic test.

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