Microbial Indicators of Coastal Water in Albania

Beaches located in Durres and Himara are the most attractive sites in Albania. The purpose of this study is to assess the microbiological quality of seawater in these beaches that are frequented during the summer season. Seawater samples were tested mainly for Eschericia coli and fecal enterococci in accordance with European standards. Water samples (36) were collected in Currila and Plepa beach, located on the Adriatic Sea, and Jala beach located on the Ionian Sea. The monitoring of these sites was done during three years 2017- 2019 from June to September. Plepa beach has the highest concentaration of Eschericia coli 600-650 CFU/100ml, followed by Currila with 580-600 CFU/100ml. While Jala beach results in a smaller pollution 260-300 CFU/100ml. Although the presence of faecal enterococci, the most polluted beaches are Currila and Plepa with 220-320 CFU/100ml and 260-300 CFU/100ml respectively. While Jala beach results less colonies respectively 120-250 CFU/100ml. Based on these data, it is shown a high concentration of fecal indicators in these beaches, especially at the Adriatic Sea. According to the European standard, water is classified as “bed” status. Jala beach is classified as “good” status. The pollution increases during July and August. These results emphasize the necessity to monitor these sites periodically to prevent the risk of pollution that may come from different factors.

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Suitability of log-linear models to evaluate the microbiological quality of baby clams (Chamelea gallina L.) harvested in the Adriatic Sea

International Journal of Food Microbiology ◽

10.1016/s0168-1605(99)00170-1 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 54 (1-2) ◽

pp. 63-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Fausto Gardini ◽

Carlo Trivisano ◽

Rosalba Lanciotti ◽

Mirko Maffei ◽

Maria Elisabetta Guerzoni

Keyword(s):

Linear Models ◽

Adriatic Sea ◽

Microbiological Quality ◽

Chamelea Gallina ◽

Log Linear

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Possibilities of continual Measurement Alignment

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201819603013 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 196 ◽

pp. 03013

Author(s):

Jakub Chromčák

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Slovak Republic ◽

Measurement Technology ◽

European Standard ◽

Track Geometry ◽

Detailed Survey ◽

Measuring Devices ◽

European Standards ◽

Track Quality

The current legislative decree on Slovak republic is in the line with the applicable European Union standards and is based on the original legislative decrees supplemented and updated to meet the requirements of the European standards. The main European standard for track geometry is EN 13848. This standard specifies the requirements for aligning track geometry parameters that present the quality of track. Quality can be measured by different measuring devices mounted on tracking vehicles. This norm is applied to all track parameters. Each parameter is defined hand in hand with the requirements for its´ measuring, methodology of processing and interpreting of the results. [1] That are the reasons, why there is not only needed to be focus of measurement technology, but on the processing and alignment as well. It is also necessary to focus to an inertial precision of the system. There are few problems, such as impossibility of having the identical detailed survey points on a rail superstructure.

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Environmental Factors Affecting Escherichia coli Concentrations in Striped Venus Clam (Chamelea gallina L.) Harvested in the North Adriatic Sea

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-058 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 80 (9) ◽

pp. 1429-1435 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Giulia Tabanelli ◽

Chiara Montanari ◽

Aldo Gardini ◽

Mirko Maffei ◽

Chiara Prioli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Adriatic Sea ◽

Microbiological Quality ◽

Environmental Parameters ◽

E Coli ◽

The North ◽

Chamelea Gallina ◽

North Adriatic Sea

ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to evaluate the microbiological quality of striped venus clams (Chamelea gallina L.) harvested in the north Adriatic Sea during an 8-year monitoring period. A total of 387 samples were analyzed to assess the presence of Escherichia coli. Environmental parameters (salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, seawater temperature, and freshwater outflow) were collected to find out a possible relationship between the E. coli counts and environmental factors. The results evidenced that the microbiological quality of the clams was good, with only about 5% of the samples not complying with European and Italian regulations for this product, that is, with E. coli counts higher than 230 most probable number (MPN) per 100 g of flesh and intravalvar liquid. Statistical analyses revealed a relationship between microbial contamination and the season and water temperature, probably due to the difference in the filtering activity of the mollusks. However, the main factor affecting the E. coli concentration in the clams turned out to be the flow rate of Marecchia, the major river that reaches the sea in the area of harvesting. In fact, a model fitted to evaluate the probability of finding a higher E. coli count in relation to the environmental parameters evidenced that it was an increase of the level of the Marecchia led to a higher probability of elevated E. coli contamination. This result could be explained by the higher supply of both nutrients and coliforms (including E. coli) when the river is higher and by the anthropogenic characteristics of the lands crossed by the river.

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Preliminary investigation on the microbiological quality of edible marine gastropods of the Adriatic Sea, Italy

Italian Journal of Food Safety ◽

10.4081/ijfs.2019.7691 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Patrizia Serratore ◽

Emanuele Zavatta ◽

Giorgia Bignami ◽

Luna Lorito

Keyword(s):

Adriatic Sea ◽

Scientific Information ◽

Preliminary Investigation ◽

Microbiological Quality ◽

Mean Value ◽

Whole Body ◽

Marine Gastropods ◽

E Coli ◽

Vibrio Spp

According to the European Legislation, marine gastropods placed unprocessed on the market must comply with the same requirements established for live bivalve molluscs but, being considered not filterfeeding and unable to concentrate fecal contaminants, they may be harvested outside the classified areas. Despite this statement, little scientific information is available on the microbiological quality of these animals. The aim of the present study was to investigate 28 batches of edible snails of the Adriatic Sea, namely Nassarius mutabilis and Bolinus brandaris, with respect to i) smell and viability, by a method here reported; ii) the bacterial component of the whole body referred to E. coli, Vibrio spp., V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, V. cholerae and V. alginolyticus. A total of 21 batches of N. mutabilis and 7 batches of B. brandaris were analyzed. Batches of both species retrieved from the primary production were all largely composed of viable animals, had saltwater/neutral smell, and showed mean value of Vibrio spp. of 5,34 and 5,79 log10 UFC g-1 in N. mutabilis and B. brandaris respectively. 47% of the batches of N. mutabilis retrieved from the market, were largely composed of dead animals, had acrid/nasty smell, and showed mean value of Vibrio spp. of 6,53 log10 UFC g-1. E. coli, V. vulnificus and V. cholerae were never detected, but all samples were positive for V. alginolyticus. One sample of B. brandaris was positive for V. parahaemolyticus genotyped by PCR at the specie level (ToxR+) and positive for the thermostable direct hemolysin gene (tdh+).

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Microbial quality and bacteria pathogens in private wells used for drinking water in northeastern Ohio

Journal of Water and Health ◽

10.2166/wh.2013.247 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 555-562 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Gayeon Won ◽

Amy Gill ◽

Jeffery T. LeJeune

Keyword(s):

Water Samples ◽

Disease Outbreaks ◽

Fecal Indicators ◽

High Concentration ◽

E Coli ◽

Communication Processes ◽

Soil Media ◽

High Risk Populations ◽

Private Wells

In agricultural intensive areas, drinking contaminated water from private wells is considered an important cause of acute gastroenteric illnesses (AGI), particularly among high-risk populations. In the summer of 2009, the microbial water quality of 180 randomly selected private wells in two northeastern Ohio counties, a region with a high concentration of dairy farms, was assessed. Forty-five percent (82/180) of water samples were contaminated with total coliforms. Generic Escherichia coli were present in 9% (16/180) of samples. Using real-time polymerase chain reaction, E. coli O157:H7 was identified in 4% (7/180) of specimens. Campylobacter spp. DNA could not be amplified from 70 of the samples tested for this organism. The frequency of generic E. coli contamination varied among townships (P < 0.001). Well structure (i.e. age and depth) or other common measures of pollution potential (depth of water, hydrology, topography, net recharge soil media) was not correlated with coliforms and E. coli contamination. Importantly, the presence of the pathogen E. coli O157:H7 was not associated with the presence of fecal indicators in the water samples: Only one of the seven E. coli O157-positive samples was also positive for generic E. coli. Appropriate risk management and communication processes are needed to reduce the potential waterborne disease outbreaks in agricultural intensive areas.

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Occurrence and distribution of fecal indicators and pathogenic bacteria in seawater and Perna perna mussel in the Gulf of Annaba (Southern Mediterranean)

10.1101/2020.10.04.325167 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mouna Boufafa ◽

Skander Kadri ◽

Peter Redder ◽

Mourad Bensouilah

Keyword(s):

Molecular Analysis ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Microbiological Quality ◽

Marine Bivalve ◽

Perna Perna ◽

Fecal Indicators ◽

Fecal Indicator ◽

Perna Perna Mussel

AbstractThe brown mussel Perna perna is a marine bivalve that is widely distributed and consumed along the east coast of Algeria. Due to its filter-feeding capacity, this mollusk can accumulate large quantities of pathogenic microorganisms from the surrounding waters, thus acting as bio-indicator of coastal environments. The objective of this study is to investigate the occurrence and distribution of fecal indicators and pathogenic bacteria in seawaters and mussels collected from four different sites in the Gulf of Annaba through physicochemical, biochemical and molecular analysis. The obtained results revealed that the levels of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) were alarmingly high at Sidi Salem and Rezgui Rachid when compared with the two other sites (p < 0.05) and largely exceeded the permissible limits. Besides, P. perna collected from all sites were several fold more contaminated by these germs than seawater samples, notably, during the warm season of the study period. Biochemical and molecular analysis showed that isolated bacteria from both environmental compartments were mostly potentially pathogenic species such as E. coli, Salmonella, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas and Proteus. These principal findings demonstrate the strong involvement of anthropogenic activities on the microbiological quality of the Gulf and highlight the role of P. perna as an effective bio-indicator of the bacteriological quality of coastal waters.

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Presence of enteroviruses and reoviruses in the waters of the Italian coast of the Adriatic Sea

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268899004604 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 125 (2) ◽

pp. 455-462 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

A. PIANETTI ◽

W. BAFFONE ◽

B. CITTERIO ◽

A. CASAROLI ◽

F. BRUSCOLINI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coastal Waters ◽

Adriatic Sea ◽

Recreational Waters ◽

Cell Culture Techniques ◽

Viral Contamination ◽

Culture Techniques ◽

Seawater Samples ◽

Sources Of Contamination ◽

Italian Coast

EEC directive 76/160 requires member states to apply microbiological and chemico-physical standards for the quality of recreational waters. In observation of this regulation, in the present study 144 samples of seawater were taken over a 12-month period and tested to determine viral contamination. The samples were collected from the coastal waters of the Italian town of Pesaro, which is located on the Adriatic Sea. Using cell culture techniques, 32·6% of the seawater samples were found to be contaminated with enteroviruses. Isolation of these viruses was most frequent in the summer months. Thus, our results indicate the need to increase the frequency of monitoring of these waters and to eliminate the sources of contamination.

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Real-Time PCR Detection of Pathogenic Microorganisms in Roof-Harvested Rainwater in Southeast Queensland, Australia

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.00331-08 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 74 (17) ◽

pp. 5490-5496 ◽

Cited By ~ 112

Author(s):

W. Ahmed ◽

F. Huygens ◽

A. Goonetilleke ◽

T. Gardner

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Legionella Pneumophila ◽

Real Time Pcr ◽

Microbiological Quality ◽

Poor Correlation ◽

Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽

Fecal Indicators ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽

Southeast Queensland

ABSTRACT In this study, the microbiological quality of roof-harvested rainwater was assessed by monitoring the concentrations of Escherichia coli, enterococci, Clostridium perfringens, and Bacteroides spp. in rainwater obtained from tanks in Southeast Queensland, Australia. Samples were also tested using real-time PCR (with SYBR Green I dye) for the presence of potential pathogenic microorganisms. Of the 27 rainwater samples tested, 17 (63%), 21 (78%), 13 (48%), and 24 (89%) were positive for E. coli, enterococci, C. perfringens, and Bacteroides spp., respectively. Of the 27 samples, 11 (41%), 7 (26%), 4 (15%), 3 (11%), and 1 (4%) were PCR positive for the Campylobacter coli ceuE gene, the Legionella pneumophila mip gene, the Aeromonas hydrophila lip gene, the Salmonella invA gene, and the Campylobacter jejuni mapA gene. Of the 21 samples tested, 4 (19%) were positive for the Giardia lamblia β-giardin gene. The binary logistic regression model indicated a positive correlation (P < 0.02) between the presence/absence of enterococci and A. hydrophila. In contrast, the presence/absence of the remaining potential pathogens did not correlate with traditional fecal indicators. The poor correlation between fecal indicators and potential pathogens suggested that fecal indicators may not be adequate to assess the microbiological quality of rainwater and consequent health risk.

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