State and Prospective Directions of Development of Methods of Control of Raw Materials Packed in Sealed Containers

ANRI ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Valeriy Dreyzin ◽  
Artyem Sviridov ◽  
Vyacheslav Varganov ◽  
Dmitriy Logvinov
Keyword(s):  
Coming Out ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Vector Method ◽  
Current State ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Methods Of Control

The current state of non-destructive testing of radioactive waste (RW) packed in sealed containers by the energy spectrum of gamma radiation coming out of the container is considered. A brief analysis of the methods used in existing installations for the control and certification of containers with RW for conducting nuclide analysis of RW with the determination of the specific activities of the radionuclides contained in them is carried out, and their shortcomings are shown. More effective methods of RW characterization are proposed: the problems of controlling hard – to-detect radionuclides (alpha-and beta-emitting nuclides) and the disadvantages of the “scaling coefficients”method recommended by MAGATE for their control are considered. More promising methods are proposed, which are a further development of the”nuclide vector method”. The list of “reference” gamma-emitting nuclides used in their implementation is justified.

Conclusive Determination of Compliance with the Prescribed Reinforcement Elements of Concrete Structures - The Appropriate Methods and their Capabilities

2018 ◽  
Vol 776 ◽  
pp. 76-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ondřej Anton ◽  
Tereza Komárková ◽  
Věra Heřmánková
Keyword(s):  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Structural Defects ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Current State ◽  
Electromagnetic Methods ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Physical Principles

Despite efforts to maintain quality during the construction of reinforced concrete structures, it is relatively common for improper reinforcement to be used, contradicting the project, which can lead to serious structural defects. It is then up to non-destructive testing methods to prove these defects. The key is the choice of the appropriate method and equipment, both in terms of achieving the necessary results and the possibility of their documentation. In recent years, there has been a significant progress in the development of non-destructive methods for the diagnosis of reinforcement and modernization of the technologies used so far, especially in the field of GPR and electromagnetic methods. At the same time, however, for a number of reasons, major limitations appear in the area of a conventional method of radiography. This contribution focuses on the current state of the problem, and it demonstrates the applicability of individual methods and their limitations given by their physical principles and technical solutions on a set of practical examples.

Study of the residual imperfections using methods of probability theory

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 (9) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
D. A. Kuzmin
Keyword(s):  
Probability Theory ◽  
Generalized Equation ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Operational Control ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Control Procedures ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
A Current

Discontinuities in the products that occur during manufacture, mounting or upon operation can be missed during non-destructive testing which do not provide their complete detectability at a current level of the technology. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account that certain structural elements may have discontinuities of significant dimensions. We present the results of using the methods of probability theory in studying the residual imperfections that remains in the structure after non-destructive control and repair of the previously identified defects. We used the results of operational control of units carried out by ultrasonic and radiographic methods. We present a method for determining a multifactorial coefficient that takes into account the detectability of defects, the number of control procedures and the errors in the instrumentation and methodological support, as well as a generalized equation for the probability distribution of detecting discontinuities. The developed approach provides assessing of the level of damage to the studied objects, their classification proceeding from the quantitative data and determination of the values of postulated discontinuities for deterministic calculations. The results obtained can be used to improve the methods of monitoring NPP facilities.

Standardisation of X-Ray Powder Diffraction Methods

2004 ◽  
Vol 443-444 ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
Giovanni Berti ◽  
Rob Delhez ◽  
S. Norval ◽  
B. Peplinski ◽  
E. Tolle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Technical Committee ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Standard Documents ◽  
And Control ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Research Centres

This paper outlines the standardisation process for the XRPD method that is currently being considered by a Working Group (WG10) of Technical Committee 138 "Non-destructive Testing" of the European Committee for Standardisation CEN. Several Standard Documents are on the verge of being released. These documents concern the general principles of (X-ray) diffraction, its terminology, and the basic procedures applied. Another document concerns the instruments used and it offers procedures to characterise and control the performance of an X-ray diffractometer properly. It is intended to issue Standard Documents on specific methods, e.g. determination of residual stresses. In fact work is in progress on this subject. The Standard Documents can be used by industry, government organisations, and research centres with activities related to safety, health and the environment, as well as for educational purposes.

Cyclic vs. Static Loading Behaviour of Masonry Blocks: An Approach to Evaluate the Long-Term Behaviour

2010 ◽  
Vol 452-453 ◽  
pp. 129-132
Author(s):  
Paola Antonaci ◽  
Pietro G. Bocca ◽  
Davide Masera
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Behaviour ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Static Displacement ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Testing Laboratory ◽  
Cyclic Displacement ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Compressive Tests

The paper presents the results of an experimental investigation conducted on bricks. Prism-shaped specimens were produced. Laboratory tests were carried out at the Non-Destructive Testing Laboratory of the Politecnico di Torino. They were subjected to static compressive tests for the determination of their mechanical properties and cyclic compressive tests for the analysis of their fatigue behaviour. The aim of this work is to apply a failure criterion based on the observation of the static and cyclic curves to estimate the fatigue life and the long-term behaviour of the brick. Subsequently, it will be possible to give a relation between the static-displacement and cyclic-displacement of the material tested.

Non Destructive Testing of Unfired Pressure Vessels

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Baylac ◽  
Ian Roberrts ◽  
Erik Zeelenberg
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
European Standard ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Acceptance Criteria ◽  
Equipment Industry ◽  
Non Destructive

This paper discusses the non destructive testing (NDT) of unfired pressure vessels made of ductile and tough steels, as contained in Part 5 of the European standard EN 13445:2002. The concept and use of testing groups along with “satisfactory experience” in welding are presented. Also the background and rationale for the determination of standards used for NDT methods, characterisation and acceptance criteria are discussed in detail. Benefits for the pressure equipment industry are emphasised.

Non-Destructive Testing of Glued Laminated Timber Beams with Use of Pilodyn 6J – Method of Spike

2016 ◽  
Vol 825 ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
Pavel Klapálek ◽  
Lenka Melzerová
Keyword(s):  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Glued Laminated Timber ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Timber Beams ◽  
The Way

This article is focused on GLULAM (glued laminated timber) beams and determination of their properties by using non-destructive method. This text is mainly focused just on part of more complex research of glued laminated timber beams. This text is focused on non-destructive method, which is the method of spike that uses device called Pilodyn 6J for measurement. Results of this method are in form of Young ́s modulus of elasticity. This article will describe how the method of spike works, with basic description, describes the tested material and compare the results of testing. In the conclusion we discuss the results, make conclusions and describe the way of our further research of glued laminated timber beams.

Study of Inhomogeneities in Non-Magnetic Tubes by Means of a Contactless Inductive Technique

2008 ◽  
Vol 587-588 ◽  
pp. 258-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Íñiguez ◽  
V. Raposo ◽  
Pablo Hernández-Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Skin Effect ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Simple Manner ◽  
Metal Coatings ◽  
Magnetic Screening ◽  
Induced Currents ◽  
Non Destructive

An accurate technique for contact-less measurement of resistivity in non-magnetic conductive tubes has been developed. It is intended for application in non-destructive testing (NDT) in tube manufacturing by simple study of the induced currents. Inhomogeneities or minimal imperfections in the tube thickness are immediately detected. This measuring technique is also suitable for determining the thickness of very thin metal coatings on non-conductive tubes. The experimental setup corresponds to an electrical transformer, the tube being the core. A first coil is placed around the tube under test, whereas the detecting coil is placed inside it. The study of the magnetic screening caused by the currents induced in the tube, allows its conductivity to be determined. The use of low frequency guarantees the almost complete absence of the skin effect in such a way that the results are obtained in a very simple manner. The method is based on the determination of the phase angle of the complex mutual inductance between the two coils working under low frequency conditions.

scholarly journals ON THE PROBLEMS OF STUDYING FOREST BIOMASS QUALIMETRY IN EURASIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
И.С. Цепордей ◽  
В.А. Усольцев
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Central Eurasia ◽  
Laser Sensing ◽  
Structural Indicators ◽  
Non Destructive

Нарастающие катастрофические сценарии последствий глобального потепления определяют актуальность оценки углероддепонирующей способности планетарной растительности. Поэтому исследование структуры и квалиметрии биомассы древесных и кустарниковых растений имеет важное значение. Проанализировано несколько методов неразрушающего контроля древесины, каждый из которых имеет свои ограничения, и представленный краткий их анализ может способствовать выбору вари- анта, наиболее пригодного для того или иного метода неразрушающего контроля. Дан анализ состояния проблемы квалиметрической оценки фитомассы деревьев как сырья в промышленном производстве, так и в селекционных программах. Показаны возможности квалиметрической оценки древесины путем лазерного зондирования. бортовое и наземное лазерное сканирование дает с высокой точностью характеристики структуры дерева и древостоя, которые связаны с плотностью древесины. Разработка картографических продуктов по географическим градиентам в сочетании с возможностями дистанционного зондирования локальных структурных показателей древостоев обеспечивает поддержку мелкомасштабного картографирования плотности древесины. Дана характеристика впервые составленной базы данных о квалиметрии биомассы лесообразующих пород центральной Евразии и показаны перспективы ее использования. The increasing catastrophic scenarios of the consequences of global warming determine the relevance of the assessment of the carbon-depositing ability of planetary vegetation. Therefore, the study of the structure and qualimetry of the biomass of woody and shrubby plants is important. Several methods of non- destructive testing of wood are analyzed, each of which has its own limitations, and the presented brief analysis of them can contribute to the choice of the option most suitable for a particular method of non-destructive testing. The analysis of the state of the problem of the qualimetric assessment of the tree phytomass as raw materials in industrial production and in breeding programs is given. The possibilities of qualimetric assessment of wood by laser sensing are shown. Airborne and ground-based laser scanning provides high-accuracy characteristics of the structure of the tree and the stand, which are related to the density of the wood. The development of cartographic products based on geographical gradients, combined with remote sensing capabilities of local structural indicators of stands, provides support for small-scale mapping of wood density. The characteristic of the first compiled database on the qualimetry of the biomass of forest-forming species of central Eurasia is given and the prospects for its use are shown.

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