Low Threshold Microlasers Based on Organic-Conjugated Polymers

Conjugated polymers have emerged as ideal organic laser materials for the excellent optoelectrical properties and facile processability. During a typical lasing process, resonator configurations with specific geometry are essential to provide optical feedback and then amplified light. Herein, we summarized the geometry and working mechanism of several typical resonator configurations formed with conjugated polymers. Meanwhile, recent advances in fabrication techniques and lasing performance are also discussed to provide new ideas for the design and optimization of microcavity geometries. Followed by the advances of practical applications in fields of laser sensing, bioimaging, and laser illumination/display, we make a summary of the existing bottlenecks and future perspectives of electrically driven organic lasers toward laser display and illumination.

ON THE PROBLEMS OF STUDYING FOREST BIOMASS QUALIMETRY IN EURASIA

Нарастающие катастрофические сценарии последствий глобального потепления определяют актуальность оценки углероддепонирующей способности планетарной растительности. Поэтому исследование структуры и квалиметрии биомассы древесных и кустарниковых растений имеет важное значение. Проанализировано несколько методов неразрушающего контроля древесины, каждый из которых имеет свои ограничения, и представленный краткий их анализ может способствовать выбору вари- анта, наиболее пригодного для того или иного метода неразрушающего контроля. Дан анализ состояния проблемы квалиметрической оценки фитомассы деревьев как сырья в промышленном производстве, так и в селекционных программах. Показаны возможности квалиметрической оценки древесины путем лазерного зондирования. бортовое и наземное лазерное сканирование дает с высокой точностью характеристики структуры дерева и древостоя, которые связаны с плотностью древесины. Разработка картографических продуктов по географическим градиентам в сочетании с возможностями дистанционного зондирования локальных структурных показателей древостоев обеспечивает поддержку мелкомасштабного картографирования плотности древесины. Дана характеристика впервые составленной базы данных о квалиметрии биомассы лесообразующих пород центральной Евразии и показаны перспективы ее использования. The increasing catastrophic scenarios of the consequences of global warming determine the relevance of the assessment of the carbon-depositing ability of planetary vegetation. Therefore, the study of the structure and qualimetry of the biomass of woody and shrubby plants is important. Several methods of non- destructive testing of wood are analyzed, each of which has its own limitations, and the presented brief analysis of them can contribute to the choice of the option most suitable for a particular method of non-destructive testing. The analysis of the state of the problem of the qualimetric assessment of the tree phytomass as raw materials in industrial production and in breeding programs is given. The possibilities of qualimetric assessment of wood by laser sensing are shown. Airborne and ground-based laser scanning provides high-accuracy characteristics of the structure of the tree and the stand, which are related to the density of the wood. The development of cartographic products based on geographical gradients, combined with remote sensing capabilities of local structural indicators of stands, provides support for small-scale mapping of wood density. The characteristic of the first compiled database on the qualimetry of the biomass of forest-forming species of central Eurasia is given and the prospects for its use are shown.

Laser Fluorescence and Extinction Methods for Measuring the Flow and Composition of Milk in a Milking Machine

Automation of milking systems is linked to accurate measurement of fluctuations in milk flow during milking. To assess the fluctuations of the milk flow, the formation and movement of milk portions in the milking machine-milk pipeline system was studied. By considering the movement of a milk plug along the milk pipeline, a hydraulic model of the formation of a critical volume of milk in the milking machine manifold was compiled. In practice, the most expedient way of determining milk flow parameters may be to measure the laser fluorescent and extinction responses of moving air-milk mixture. We have implemented a new laser sensing method for measuring the flow rate and composition of milk on the basis of counting the optical response pulses received from moving dispersed components by a CCD array or a randomized fiber optic bundle. Using the developed laser sensors, the theoretical model of milk flow was tested.