Error Probability Mitigation in Quantum Reading Using Classical Codes

A general framework describing the statistical discrimination of an ensemble of quantum channels is given by the name quantum reading. Several tools can be applied in quantum reading to reduce the error probability in distinguishing the ensemble of channels. Classical and quantum codes can be envisioned for this goal. The aim of this paper is to present a simple but fruitful protocol for this task using classical error-correcting codes. Three families of codes are considered: Reed–Solomon codes, BCH codes, and Reed–Muller codes. In conjunction with the use of codes, we also analyze the role of the receiver. In particular, heterodyne and Dolinar receivers are taken into consideration. The encoding and measurement schemes are connected by the probing step. As probes, we consider coherent states. In such a simple manner, interesting results are obtained. As we show, there is a threshold below which using codes surpass optimal and sophisticated schemes for any fixed rate and code. BCH codes in conjunction with Dolinar receiver turn out to be the optimal strategy for error mitigation in quantum reading.

A SIMPLE APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF WAVE PATTERNS

The paper revisits some pioneering work of Sir Thomas Havelock on wave patterns with particular attention focussed on his graphical method of analysis. Motivated by a desire to explore this method further using numerical methods, it is extended in a simple manner to give three-dimensional illustrations of the wave patterns of a point disturbance in deep and shallow water. All results are confined to the sub- and trans-critical regimes with some obtained very close to the critical Depth Froude Number. Some conclusions are drawn on the wave types produced when operating close to the critical speed and their decay with distance off.

Al-Shaykh Ghulām Rasūl al-Sa‘īdī and the Prelude of his Tafsīr al-Tibyān al-Qur’ān: An Analytical and Descriptive Study

Shaykh Ghulām Rasūl al-Sa‘īdī, an Indian-subcontinent contemporary commentator wrote tafsīr with a scholarly prelude/introduction. Additionally, he derived necessary references to Quranic verses along with the syntactic views in quite expressive and simple manner. Thus, his remarkable tafsīr; tafsīr al-tibyān al-Qur’ān, and more particularly his prelude/preface, expounds on the issues faced by ordinary people and makes valuable addition in layman understanding about the meaning of the text. Therefore, this article presents a descriptive and analytical study of the prelude/introduction to his commentary so that it becomes easy for the reader to know the views and ideas of Shaykh Ghulām Rasūl al-Sa‘īdī before delving into his tafsīr work.

Quantum Field Theory Representation in Quantum Computation

Recently, from the deduction of the result MIP* = RE in quantum computation, it was obtained that Quantum Field Theory (QFT) allows for different forms of computation in quantum computers that Quantum Mechanics (QM) does not allow. Thus, there must exist forms of computation in the QFT representation of the Universe that the QM representation does not allow. We explain in a simple manner how the QFT representation allows for different forms of computation by describing the differences between QFT and QM, and obtain why the future of quantum computation will require the use of QFT.

A New Data Mining and Visualization Tool for Brazilian Educational Indicators

The National Institute of Educational Studies and Research Anísio Teixeira provides open data that help to understand Brazilian Education through Educational Indicators. Despite the easy access to the data, it is hard to manipulate and analyze it to understand the educational scenario in different contexts. This work presents a new visualization tool, inspired by the data mining process, which aims to allow the extraction of knowledge through these indicators using selections provided by users in a very simple manner. To show the tool's potential, graphics of several works were recreated and new graphics are presented.

Development of an Analytical Model to Determine the Heat Fluxes to a Structural Element Due to a Travelling Fire

The term “travelling fire” is used to label fires which burn locally and move across the floor over a period of time in large compartments. Through experimental and numerical campaigns and while observing the tragic travelling fire events, it became clear that such fires imply a transient heating of the surrounding structure. The necessity to better characterize the thermal impact generated on the structure by a travelling fire motivated the development of an analytical model allowing to capture, in a simple manner, the multidimensional transient heating of a structure considering the effect of the ventilation. This paper first presents the basic assumptions of a new analytical model which is based on the virtual solid flame concept; a comparison of the steel temperatures measured during a travelling fire test in a steel-framed building with the ones obtained analytically is then presented. The limitations inherent to the analyticity of the model are also discussed. This paper suggests that the developed analytical model can allow for both an acceptable representation of the travelling fire in terms of fire spread and steel temperatures while not being computationally demanding, making it potentially desirable for pre-design.

Multiple rings in the shadow of extremely compact objects

The Event Horizon Telescope’s image of the M87 black hole provides an exciting opportunity to study black hole physics. Since a black hole’s event horizon absorbs all electromagnetic waves, it is difficult to actively probe the horizon’s existence. However, with the help of a family of extremely compact, horizon-less objects, named “gravastars”, whose external spacetimes are nearly identical to those of black holes, one can test the absence of event horizons: absences of additional features that arise due to the existence of the gravastar, or its surface, can be used as quantitative evidence for black holes. We apply Gralla et al. approach of studying black hole images to study the images of two types of gravastars: transparent ones and reflective ones. In both cases, the transmission of rays through gravastars, or their reflections on their surfaces, leads to more rings in their images. For simple emission models, where the redshifted emissivity of the disk is peaked at a particular radius [Formula: see text], the position of a series of rings can be related in a simple manner to light ray propagation: a ring shows up around impact parameter [Formula: see text] whenever rays incident from infinity at [Formula: see text] intersects the disk at [Formula: see text]. We show that additional rings will appear in the images of transparent and reflective gravastars. In particular, one of the additional rings for the reflective gravastar is due to the prompt reflection of light on the gravastar surface, and appears to be well separated from the others. This can be an intuitive feature, which may be reliably used to constrain the reflectivity of the black hole’s horizon.

A Portable Device for Simple Exosome Separation from Biological Samples

Exosomes are membrane-bound nanovesicles secreted by most types of cells, which contain a series of biologically important molecules, such as miRNAs, proteins, and lipids, etc. Emerging evidence show that exosomes can affect the physiological status of cells and are involved in various pathological processes. However, due to their small size and density close to body fluids, it is challenging to separate exosomes from a small volume of biological samples in a simple manner. Herein, we propose a new strategy for isolating circulating exosomes from biological samples in a portable device. This method synergistically integrates chitosan electrostatic-adsorption, scaffold substrates, and shuttle flow to enable the highly effective capture of circulating exosomes with a recovery rate of over 80% within 20 minutes, which is much better than the performance of traditional ultracentrifugation (5–25%, 3 h). Besides, the isolated exosomes from samples could be lysed in situ and further subjected to RNA concentration detection and protein analysis. In particular, all the necessary procedures for exosome separation could be integrated into a single device without the need for bulky equipment. This established device is portable and easy to operate, which provides a promising platform for the study of exosome biology and clinical diagnosis.

Simple Medicine in the Life of the People of Mettur Area

It is common for people to develop diseases in the body and to follow various medical procedures as a remedy. The practice of seeking English medicine for some of the simplest diseases is largely absent from the rural population. However, some people consider it polite to seek hospitalization even for minor ailments in daily life such as fever, headache and cataracts. The people of Mettur Region to cure their ailments in a simple manner by following traditional medicine or hand medicine.Remedies like herbal remedies for acne, migraine headaches, nausea, headaches and mouth sores. Traditional medicine is found in those who are intoxicated and poisoned.