Microhemodynamic Parameters of Cortical Substance of Kidneys at Experimental Hydronephrosis

Objective: to study the structural transformations of the architectonics of intra-organ renal arterial vessels in the age aspect.Materials and methods: 150 kidneys of people of diff erent age who died from the reasons which are not connected with diseases of cardiovascular and urinary systems are investigated. The studies were carried out using a set of methods: angiographic, macromicroscopic and morphometry.Results: with increasing age, a decrease in the number of vascular glomeruli in the kidney, the proportion of glomerular mass in the cortical substance of the kidney was found. In old age and in centenarians, a rare capillary network in the cortical substance of the kidney, tortuosity, narrowing and expansion of direct arterioles and capillaries in the cerebral substance was revealed. In old age and in centenarians, compared with adolescence, the relative content of arterial vessels in the cortical substance decreases by 6 times, in the juxtamedullary zone — by 4 and in the cortical substance — by 2 times.Conclusions: the large diameters of the juxtamedullary glomeruli and a large index of the relative content of arterial vessels in the juxtamedullary zone create prerequisites for possible juxtamedullary shunting with urgent adaptation in the norm. The decrease in these indicators in old age, the elderly and centenarians, obviously, explains the age-related decline in the adaptive capacity of the arterial bed of the kidneys. With increasing age, the range of adaptive capabilities of the renal vascular bed of aging people decreases compared to those of mature age.

Download Full-text

Immunuhistochemical features of the ovaries’ structure in case of fetuses with a gestational term of 21-28 weeks from mother, whose pregnancy was complicated by chronic infections of lower genital tracts

Journal of Education, Health and Sport ◽

10.12775/jehs.2021.11.05.026 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 246-261

Author(s):

V. O. Poliyasnyi ◽

L. S. Kupriianova

Keyword(s):

Connective Tissue ◽

Main Group ◽

Relative Volume ◽

Immunohistochemical Method ◽

Chronic Infections ◽

Functional Changes ◽

Massive Growth ◽

Cortical Substance ◽

Complicated Pregnancy ◽

Clear Increase

The following article presents results of the complex research on postulation of immunohistochemical features of the ovaries’ structure in case of fetuses with a gestational term of 21-28 weeks from mothers with HILGT comparing to ones in case of fetuses from mothers with a physiological pregnancy. The materials of the research are: 25 fetuses from mothers with HILGT as well as 25 fetuses from mothers with physiological pregnancy. All fetuses had died antenatally and inranatally, as a result of violation of uteroplacental and umbilical-uterine circulation. Research methods: macroscopic, organometric, histological, immunohistochemical, morphometric, statistical. The organometric method revealed a clear decrease of main indexes of the fetuses’ ovaries from mothers with a complicated pregnancy comparing to ones in case of organs of fetuses from healthy mothers. Morphometric method revealed a clear decrease of a relative volume of cortical substance as well as a clear increase of a relative volume of brain substance in the gonads of fetuses from the main group; as well as it showed a clear decrease of an index of follicular tissue’ relative volume, likewise a clear increase of an index of interstitial component relative volume.The staining by picrofuxin by van Gieson method revealed a massive growth of the connective tissue in all strucutral components of organs of fetuses from mothers with HILGT relatively to gonads of fetuses from healthy mothers. Using of MCAT to main types of collagens allowed to reveal a violation of maturation of main types of collagens in the structure of connective tissue of fetal gonads in the main group. In the follicular component of the fetuses’ ovaries in the main group are appearing mature, cystic-artretic and growing forms of follicles. Immunohistochemical method revealed an increased number of an apoptotically altered eggs in the ovaries of fetuses from mothers with HILGT comparing to one in organs of fetuses from mothers with physiological pregnancy. The peroxidase method revealed an increased endotheline-producing activity of the vascular component as arterial, like a venous type; likewise a clear decrease of the hormone-producing activity in the ovaries of fetuses from mothers with HILGT comparing to such indexes in fetal organs of fetuses from mothers with physiological pregnancy. The complex of changes in the ovaries of fetuses with a 21-28 weeks of gestational term, which was described, was formed under the influence of the chronic hypoxia, prolonged antigenic stimulation as well as hormonal violations in the mother-placenta-fetus system, which is a leading link of the infectious pathology’ pathogenesis. The aforementioned complex of the structural and functional changes in the ovaries of fetuses from mothers with HILGT in a gestational term of 21-28 weeks indicates violations in implementation and formation of the fetal gonads, as well as it could further lead to disorders of the germinal function in the female organism.

Download Full-text

Immunomorphological rationale for the use of beekeeping products to improve the productivity of quails

Glavnyj zootehnik (Head of Animal Breeding) ◽

10.33920/sel-03-2105-01 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 3-12

Author(s):

R. T. Mannapova ◽

D. V. Svistunov ◽

R. R. Shaikhulov ◽

E. I. Kulikov

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow Cells ◽

Brain Area ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Live Weight ◽

Lymphoid Cells ◽

Control Group ◽

Red Bone Marrow ◽

Cortical Substance ◽

High Degree

The effectiveness and high degree of biological effect of dead bees extract in medium doses on the nature and degree of morphofunctional rearrangements in the immunocompetent structures of the central and peripheral immune organs and immunocytological reactions in them have been established. A scientifically based scheme for the use of dead bees extract is proposed to improve the livability of livestock, increase live weight and improve the biochemical indicators of the quality of quail meat. Dead bees extract in low and especially in medium doses increase the production of the red bone marrow cells of the granular germ of white blood cells by 22,2 and 25,6 %, lymphoid cells by 4,7 and 6,9 %, erythroid germ by 2,3 and 11,0 %. Under the action of dead bees extract in the Fabricius bag quail strengthens the processes of maturation and differentiation of B-lymphocytes, which is manifested by extension immunocompetent cortical area in the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups (30 and 60 days of experiment by 10,4 and 22,1 % and 12,3 and 24,3 %, respectively), a reduction in brain area. The increase in the weight of the Fabricius bag (despite its general involution) in the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups on 30 and 60 days was 1,24 and 1,47, 2,59 and 3,0 times, respectively. In the thymus of quails under the influence of low and medium doses of dead bees extract the intensifi cation of maturation and differentiation of T-lymphocytes, resulting in the expansion of the cortical substance on 30, 60 and 90 days of 1,55 and 1,62, 1,42 and 1,73, 1,61 and 1,95 times, respectively, against the background of the depletion of brain matter, in excess of the thymus weight (with its expressed total involution) by 1,32 and 1,42, by 1,38 and 1,5, by 1,24 and 1,34 times, respectively. Dead bees extract activates the processes of antibody formation, increasing the immunological activity of the spleen in the form of expansion of the area of lymph nodes without light centers in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th experimental groups by 1,39, 1,83 and 1,5 times, respectively, and with light centers by 1,57, 1,79 and 1,19 times (B-zone). It increases the area of the perivascular lymphoid coupling (T-zone) by 1,5, 1,8 and 1,28 times, respectively, activates immunocytological reactions, increases the weight of the spleen of quails. The live weight of the males of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th experimental groups exceeded the control by 27,6, 31,8 and 18,9 g, and the females by 17,6, 27,7 and 9,9 g, respectively. The livability of livestock in the control group was 78,0 %, in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th experimental groups 89,0, 95,0 and 85,0 %, respectively.

Download Full-text

Antioxidant expression in experimental hydronephrosis: role of mechanical stretch and growth factors

AJP Renal Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajprenal.1997.272.6.f789 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 272 (6) ◽

pp. F789-F798 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

S. D. Ricardo ◽

G. Ding ◽

M. Eufemio ◽

J. R. Diamond

Keyword(s):

Transforming Growth Factor ◽

Oxidant Stress ◽

Mechanical Stretch ◽

Proximal Tubules ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Tgf Beta ◽

Tubulointerstitial Injury ◽

Proximal Tubular ◽

Experimental Hydronephrosis

We assessed whether levels of renal reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant enzymes are perturbed in rats following unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). The mechanism of catalase perturbation was investigated using proximal tubule suspensions following stimulation with transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta and interleukin (IL)-1 and in a proximal tubular cell line (OKC) subjected to cyclic mechanical stretch, which mimics the early hydrodynamic derangement after UUO. Levels of catalase and copperzinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD) mRNA from 96-h UUO rats showed a 5.5-fold (P < 0.001) and 5.0-fold (P < 0.001) decrease, respectively, compared with the contralateral unobstructed kidney (CUK). Levels of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide showed a significant 1.8-fold (P < 0.0001) and 14.0-fold (P < 0.0001) increase, respectively, in 96-h UUO kidney slice cultures. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry showed Cu,Zn-SOD and catalase mRNA and protein transcription expressed in proximal tubules of UUO and CUK specimens. Catalase mRNA levels were markedly downregulated following a 1-h exposure of isolated proximal tubules to TGF-beta (0.1–10 ng) and IL-1 (1–5 ng), in comparison to control proximal tubular suspensions. OKC subjected to cyclic mechanical stretch for 1–24 h had marked decrements in catalase mRNA levels, compared with unstretched cells at the same time point. These results indicate that a primary downregulation of proximal tubular Cu,Zn-SOD and catalase expression develops in the proximal tubules of UUO with consequent increments in cortical oxidant levels. These findings suggest that either an early mechanical disturbance produced by UUO or local tubular generation of cytokines can reduce tubular catalase expression. The downregulation of catalase mRNA expression, together with increased oxidant stress in the rat renal cortex post-UUO, may amplify the proinflammatory state of experimental hydronephrosis culminating in tubulointerstitial injury and fibrosis.

Download Full-text