scholarly journals A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF A RACE OF VACCINATION AGAINST COVID - 19 VIRUS: THE RECENT VACCINES DEVELOPED

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 447-456
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Direct Link ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
High Affinity

Vaccines are urgently needed at the present time to protect humanity from COVID-19, which is caused by the Coronavirus 2 that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome. Large quantities of antibodies which have high affinity virus-neutralizing capability were induced by vaccines may optimally prevent infection and avoid unfavourable effects. During the progression of the vaccine, different vaccine models were assessed by disparate groups. This review summarizes the currently approved COVID- 19 vaccines with late-stage clinical results. The currently authorized SARS-CoV-2 vaccines with late stage clinical data are summarized in this review. Thrombosis may be related in some way to the vaccine, but the direct link has not yet been established. It was stressed that the probability of developing strokes is very small and does not compare with the benefit gained from using the vaccine at all.

scholarly journals Edoxaban: A Comprehensive Review of the Pharmacology and Clinical Data for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation and Venous Thromboembolism

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary A. Stacy ◽  
William B. Call ◽  
Aaron P. Hartmann ◽  
Golden L. Peters ◽  
Sara K. Richter
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Comprehensive Review

Percutaneous Biliary Drainage in Neoplastic Jaundice

1985 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 681-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Passariello ◽  
P. Pavone ◽  
P. Rossi ◽  
G. Simonetti ◽  
C. Modini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Data ◽  
Biliary Drainage ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Palliative Surgery ◽  
Analysis Program ◽  
Technical Success ◽  
Percutaneous Biliary Drainage ◽  
Computerized Analysis ◽  
Significant Data

Technical and clinical data concerning 731 controlled patients submitted to nonsurgical percutaneous biliary drainage (PBD) for preoperative or palliative purposes were collected from eight institutions. Using a computerized analysis program, general and special statistics were obtained, with special attention given to 536 neoplastic cases. Technical success, type, level and nature of the lesions, purpose of drainage, surgery performed, complications, and other clinical and technical information were considered and compared with the clinical results. Statistically significant data were obtained comparing, respectively, bilirubin levels with duration of drainage, survival with type of treatment (PBD alone or followed by radical or palliative surgery), operative with post PBD mortality, survival with type of PBD (external catheter, internal catheter, and endoprosthesis), and complications with type of PBD used.

scholarly journals METFORMIN USE IN DIABETES PRIOR TO HOSPITALIZATION: EFFECTS ON MORTALITY IN COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1166-1172
Author(s):  
Jinghong Li ◽  
Qi Wei ◽  
Willis X. Li ◽  
Karen C. McCowen ◽  
Wei Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2

Objective: Although type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been reported as a risk factor for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the effect of pharmacologic agents used to treat T2DM, such as metformin, on COVID-19 outcomes remains unclear. Metformin increases the expression of angiotensin converting enzyme 2, a known receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Data from people with T2DM hospitalized for COVID-19 were used to test the hypothesis that metformin use is associated with improved survival in this population. Methods: Retrospective analyses were performed on de-identified clinical data from a major hospital in Wuhan, China, that included patients with T2DM hospitalized for COVID-19 during the recent epidemic. One hundred and thirty-one patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and T2DM were used in this study. The primary outcome was mortality. Demographic, clinical characteristics, laboratory data, diabetes medications, and respiratory therapy data were also included in the analysis. Results: Of these 131 patients, 37 used metformin with or without other antidiabetes medications. Among the 37 metformin-taking patients, 35 (94.6%) survived and 2 (5.4%) did not survive. The mortality rates in the metformin-taking group versus the non-metformin group were 5.4% (2/37) versus 22.3% (21/94). Using multivariate analysis, metformin was found to be an independent predictor of survival in this cohort ( P = .02). Conclusion: This study reveals a significant association between metformin use and survival in people with T2DM diagnosed with COVID-19. These clinical data are consistent with potential benefits of the use of metformin for COVID-19 patients with T2DM. Abbreviations: ACE2 = angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; AMPK = AMP-activated protein kinase; BMI = body mass index; COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019; SARSCoV-2 = severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; T2DM = type 2 diabetes mellitus

scholarly journals Clinical Experience With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2–Related Illness in Children: Hospital Experience in Cape Town, South Africa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marieke M van der Zalm ◽  
Juanita Lishman ◽  
Lilly M Verhagen ◽  
Andrew Redfern ◽  
Liezl Smit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
South African ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Respiratory Support ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Hiv Exposed ◽  
New Diagnosis

Abstract Background Children seem relatively protected from serious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–related disease, but little is known about children living in settings with high tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) burden. This study reflects clinical data on South African children with SARS-CoV-2. Methods We collected clinical data of children aged <13 years with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 presenting to Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, between 17 April and 24 July 2020. Results One hundred fifty-nine children (median age, 48.0 months [interquartile range {IQR}, 12.0–106.0 months]) were included. Hospitalized children (n = 62), with a median age of 13.5 months (IQR, 1.8–43.5 months) were younger than children not admitted (n = 97; median age, 81.0 months [IQR, 34.5–120.5 months]; P < .01.). Thirty-three of 159 (20.8%) children had preexisting medical conditions. Fifty-one of 62 (82.3%) hospitalized children were symptomatic; lower respiratory tract infection was diagnosed in 21 of 51 (41.2%) children, and in 11 of 16 (68.8%) children <3 months of age. Respiratory support was required in 25 of 51 (49.0%) children; 13 of these (52.0%) were <3 months of age. One child was HIV infected and 11 of 51 (21.2%) were HIV exposed but uninfected, and 7 of 51 (13.7%) children had a recent or new diagnosis of tuberculosis. Conclusions Children <1 year of age hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 in Cape Town frequently required respiratory support. Access to oxygen may be limited in some low- and middle-income countries, which could potentially drive morbidity and mortality. HIV infection was uncommon but a relationship between HIV exposure, tuberculosis, and SARS-CoV-2 should be explored.

scholarly journals Complications of endovascular treatment for intracranial aneurysms: Management and prevention

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yon Kwon Ihn ◽  
Shang Hun Shin ◽  
Seung Kug Baik ◽  
In Sup Choi
Keyword(s):  
Endovascular Treatment ◽  
Intracranial Aneurysms ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Flow Diverter ◽  
Endovascular Coiling ◽  
Thromboembolic Events ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Complex Aneurysms ◽  
Novel Treatment ◽  
Satisfactory Outcome

Endovascular coiling for intracranial aneurysms has become an accepted treatment with good clinical results and provides adequate protection against rebleeding and rupture of aneurysms. However, despite the experience, preparation, or skill of the physician, complications during endovascular treatment still occur. The main complications of endovascular coiling are: procedural aneurysmal perforations by the microcatheter, micro-guidewire, or coil, and thromboembolic events. Such situations are unexpected, complex, and can have devastating consequences. In this article, we present a comprehensive review of the two most common complications, aneurysmal perforation and thromboembolism during endovascular coiling, and how we can prevent or overcome these complications to achieve a satisfactory outcome. In addition, as the flow diverter has been become an important tool for management of large, wide necked, and other anatomically challenging aneurysms, we also describe complications stemming from the use of the tool, which remains a novel treatment option for complex aneurysms.

scholarly journals Pathology and pathogenicity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)

2020 ◽  
Vol 245 (15) ◽  
pp. 1299-1307
Author(s):  
Henok Kessete Afewerky
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Current Survey

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a beta coronavirus that causes infectious respiratory disease, named as coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19). While extensive studies have provided basic information on clinical characteristics of COVID-19, the disease pathology is not fully known. The SARS-CoV-2 virus structural studies and biochemical experiments have also indicated that the virus receptor-binding domain (RBD) binds with a high affinity to angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptor from humans; however, the mechanism remains unclear. Hereunder, a summary of relevant findings in the SARS-CoV-2 virus pathology and major pathogenicity mechanisms are discussed. This review of studies provides additional enlightenments on the way forward to prevent further spread or even cure for the SARS-CoV-2 virus-caused COVID-19 disease, either-or should a similar viral plague occur in the future. Impact statement The current survey of studies outlines the direct and indirect effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the specific body systems and summarizes the SARS-CoV-2 main pathogenicity mechanisms that require attention during patient hospitalization and for further research.

scholarly journals Extra-articular dorsal closing-wedge osteotomy to treat late-stage Freiberg disease using polyblend sutures: technical tips and clinical results

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 1401-1405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuya Ikoma ◽  
Masahiro Maki ◽  
Masamitsu Kido ◽  
Kan Imai ◽  
Yuji Arai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Stage ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Wedge Osteotomy ◽  
Closing Wedge Osteotomy ◽  
Closing Wedge ◽  
Freiberg Disease
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