Effects of pointing movements on visuospatial working memory in a joint-action condition: Evidence from eye movements

AbstractPrevious studies showed that (a) performing pointing movements towards to-be-remembered locations enhanced their later recognition, and (b) in a joint-action condition, experimenter-performed pointing movements benefited memory to the same extent as self-performed movements. The present study replicated these findings and additionally recorded participants’ fixations towards studied arrays. Each trial involved the presentation of two consecutive spatial arrays, where each item occupied a different spatial location. The item locations of one array were encoded by mere visual observation (the no-move array), whereas the locations of the other array were encoded by observation plus pointing movements (the move array). Critically, in Experiment 1, participants took turns with the experimenter in pointing towards the move arrays (joint-action condition), while in Experiment 2 pointing was performed only by the experimenter (passive condition). The results showed that the locations of move arrays were recognized better than the locations of no-move arrays in Experiment 1, but not in Experiment 2. The pattern of eye-fixations was in line with behavioral findings, indicating that in Experiment 1, fixations to the locations of move arrays were higher in number and longer in duration than fixations to the locations of no-move arrays, irrespective of the agent who performed the movements. In contrast, no differences emerged in Experiment 2. We propose that, in the joint-action condition, self- and other-performed pointing movements are coded at the same representational level and their functional equivalency is reflected in a similar pattern of eye-fixations.

Download Full-text

Seeing and feeling for self and other: Proprioceptive spatial location determines multisensory enhancement of touch

Seeing and Perceiving ◽

10.1163/187847612x647469 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 25 (0) ◽

pp. 113

Author(s):

Flavia Cardini ◽

Patrick Haggard ◽

Elisabetta Ladavas

Keyword(s):

Tactile Stimulation ◽

Spatial Perception ◽

Spatial Location ◽

Tactile Perception ◽

Tactile Acuity ◽

Self And Other ◽

Visual Enhancement ◽

Multisensory Enhancement ◽

Stimulation Technique ◽

Shed Light

In the Visual Enhancement of Touch (VET), simply viewing one’s hand improves tactile spatial perception, even though vision is non-informative. While previous studies had suggested that looking at another person’s hand could also enhance tactile perception, no previous study had systematically investigated the differences between viewing one’s body and someone else’s. The aim of this study was to shed light on the relation between visuo–tactile interactions and the self-other distinction. In Experiment 1 we manipulated the spatial location where a hand was seen. Viewing one’s hand enhanced tactile acuity relative to viewing a neutral object, but only when the image of the hand was spatially aligned with the actual location of the participant’s unseen hand. The VET effect did not occur when one’s hand was viewed at a location other than that experienced proprioceptively. In contrast, viewing another’s hand produced enhanced tactile perception irrespective of spatial location. In Experiment 2, we used a multisensory stimulation technique, known as Visual Remapping of Touch, to reduce perceived spatial misalignment of vision and touch. When participants saw an image of their own hand being touched at the same time as the tactile stimulation, the reduction in perceived misalignment caused VET effect to return, even though the spatial location of the images was not consistent with the actual body posture. Our results suggest that multisensory modulation of touch depends on a representation of one’s body that is fundamentally spatial in nature. In contrast, representation of others is free from this spatial constraint.

Download Full-text

Evolving intentions for social interaction: from entrainment to joint action

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rstb.2008.0006 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 363 (1499) ◽

pp. 2021-2031 ◽

Cited By ~ 114

Author(s):

Günther Knoblich ◽

Natalie Sebanz

Keyword(s):

Social Interaction ◽

Social Interactions ◽

Joint Attention ◽

Joint Action ◽

Perception And Action ◽

Intentional Action ◽

Cultural Learning ◽

Interpersonal Processes ◽

Self And Other ◽

Blind Individuals

This article discusses four different scenarios to specify increasingly complex mechanisms that enable increasingly flexible social interactions. The key dimension on which these mechanisms differ is the extent to which organisms are able to process other organisms' intentions and to keep them apart from their own. Drawing on findings from ecological psychology, scenario 1 focuses on entrainment and simultaneous affordance in ‘intentionally blind’ individuals. Scenario 2 discusses how an interface between perception and action allows observers to simulate intentional action in others. Scenario 3 is concerned with shared perceptions, arising through joint attention and the ability to distinguish between self and other. Scenario 4 illustrates how people could form intentions to act together while simultaneously distinguishing between their own and the other's part of a joint action. The final part focuses on how combining the functionality of the four mechanisms can explain different forms of social interactions. It is proposed that basic interpersonal processes are put to service by more advanced functions that support the type of intentionality required to engage in joint action, cultural learning, and communication.

Download Full-text

Spatial representations of self and other in the hippocampus

Science ◽

10.1126/science.aao3898 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 359 (6372) ◽

pp. 213-218 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

Teruko Danjo ◽

Taro Toyoizumi ◽

Shigeyoshi Fujisawa

Keyword(s):

Receptive Fields ◽

Pyramidal Cells ◽

Spatial Location ◽

The Self ◽

The Other ◽

Spatial Representations ◽

Self And Other ◽

Ca1 Pyramidal Cells ◽

Ca1 Region ◽

Reward Information

An animal’s awareness of its location in space depends on the activity of place cells in the hippocampus. How the brain encodes the spatial position of others has not yet been identified. We investigated neuronal representations of other animals’ locations in the dorsal CA1 region of the hippocampus with an observational T-maze task in which one rat was required to observe another rat’s trajectory to successfully retrieve a reward. Information reflecting the spatial location of both the self and the other was jointly and discretely encoded by CA1 pyramidal cells in the observer rat. A subset of CA1 pyramidal cells exhibited spatial receptive fields that were identical for the self and the other. These findings demonstrate that hippocampal spatial representations include dimensions for both self and nonself.

Download Full-text

Motor simulation and the coordination of self and other in real-time joint action

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience ◽

10.1093/scan/nst086 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 1062-1068 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Giacomo Novembre ◽

Luca F. Ticini ◽

Simone Schütz-Bosbach ◽

Peter E. Keller

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Joint Action ◽

Motor Simulation ◽

Self And Other

Download Full-text

Avoiding Accidents at the Champagne Reception

Psychological Science ◽

10.1177/0956797616683015 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 338-345 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Giovanni Pezzulo ◽

Pierpaolo Iodice ◽

Francesco Donnarumma ◽

Haris Dindo ◽

Günther Knoblich

Keyword(s):

Joint Action ◽

Action Plan ◽

The Other ◽

Self And Other ◽

Joint Actions

Using a lifting and balancing task, we contrasted two alternative views of planning joint actions: one postulating that joint action involves distinct predictions for self and other, the other postulating that joint action involves coordinated plans between the coactors and reuse of bimanual models. We compared compensatory movements required to keep a tray balanced when 2 participants lifted glasses from each other’s trays at the same time (simultaneous joint action) and when they took turns lifting (sequential joint action). Compared with sequential joint action, simultaneous joint action made it easier to keep the tray balanced. Thus, in keeping with the view that bimanual models are reused for joint action, predicting the timing of their own lifting action helped participants compensate for another person’s lifting action. These results raise the possibility that simultaneous joint actions do not necessarily require distinguishing between one’s own and the coactor’s contributions to the action plan and may afford an agent-neutral stance.

Download Full-text

OPTIMASI DAN EVALUASI METODE KRIOPRESERVASI PURWOCENG

Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri ◽

10.21082/jlittri.v19n3.2013.147-157 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 147

Author(s):

IKA ROOSTIKA ◽

IRENG DARWATI ◽

RITA MEGIA

Keyword(s):

Visual Observation ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

Combined Treatments ◽

Embryogenic Calli ◽

Regeneration Rate ◽

Adenine Sulphate ◽

In Vitro Shoots ◽

Better Than

ABSTRAK Optimasi dan evaluasi metode kriopreservasi perlu dilakukan dalam menentukan protokol standar untuk penyimpanan jangka panjang biakan purwoceng. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi perlakuan pratumbuh, prakultur, dan formulasi media pemulih terhadap daya tumbuh dan daya regenerasi tunas in vitro dan kalus embriogenik serta untuk mengevaluasi metode kriopreservasi melalui observasi morfologi, anatomi, dan sitologi. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Kelompok Peneliti Biologi Sel dan Jaringan BB Litbang Biogen pada tahun 2008-2009. Teknik kriopreservasi yang digunakan adalah vitrifikasi (untuk apeks) dan enkapsulasi-vitrifikasi (untuk kalus embriogenik). Pada teknik vitrifikasi, tunas pucuk diberi perlakuan pratumbuh dengan sukrosa (3, 4, 5, dan 6%) selama 1 dan 2 minggu, perlakuan prakultur dilakukan pada media yang mengandung sukrosa 0,3 M selama 1 dan 3 hari, perlakuan dehidrasi dengan PVS2 diberikan selama 15 dan 30 menit, dan media pemulih yang diujikan adalah media dasar MS atau DKW dengan dan tanpa penambahan adenin sulfat 20 ppm. Pada teknik enkapsulasi-vitrifikasi, kalus embriogenik dienkapsulasi terlebih dahulu dengan Na-alginat 3%, perlakuan dehidrasi dengan PVS2 diberikan selama 0, 30, dan 60 menit. Evaluasi metode teknik kriopreservasi dilakukan melalui pengamatan morfologi secara visual, anatomi meristem dengan scanning electron microscope (SEM), pengujian viabilitas dengan fluorescein diacetate (FDA), dan analisis ploidi secara flowcytometry. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teknik enkapsulasi-vitrifikasi lebih baik daripada teknik vitrifikasi untuk kriopreservasi purwoceng. Walaupun persentase keberhasilan kriopreservasi rendah (10%), kalus embriogenik purwoceng mampu berproliferasi dan beregenerasi menjadi ribuan embrio somatik dewasa. Evaluasi metode kriopreservasi dengan SEM dan FDA dapat diterapkan untuk memperkirakan keberhasilan teknik kriopreservasi secara dini sedangkan analisis flowcytometry dapat diterapkan untuk menguji stabilitas genetik bahan tanaman pasca-kriopreservasi. Kata kunci: Pimpinella pruatjan Molk., kriopreservasi, SEM, FDA, flowcytometryABSTRACT Optimization and evaluation of cryopreservation methods should be conducted to obtain standard protocol for long term conservation of pruatjan. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of combined treatments of pregrowth, preculture, and recovery media to the survival and regeneration rate of in vitro shoots and embryogenic calli and to evaluate the cryopreservation methods by observing the morphological, anatomical, and cytological characters. The techniques of vitrification (for apex) and encapsulation-vitrification (for embryogenic calli) were applied in this study. On vitrification technique, the apical shoots were pregrown on media containing of 3, 4, 5, and 6% sucrose for 1 and 2 weeks, precultured on media containing of 0,3 M sucrose for 1 and 3 days, dehydrated by PVS2 solution for 15 and 30 minutes, and planted on recovery media (MS or DKW basal media supplemented with 20 ppm adenine sulphate). On encapsulation-vitrification technique, embryogenic calli were encapsulated by 3% Na-alginate, dehydrated by PVS2 solution for 0, 30, and 60 minutes. The evaluation of cryopreservation methods was done through visual observation, SEM analysis, viability test, and flowcytometry determination. The result showed that encapsulation- vitrification was better than vitrification technique for cryopreservation of pruatjan. The successful rate of this method was low (10%) but the embryogenic calli could proliferate and regenerate into thousands mature somatic embryos. The evaluation by SEM and FDA can be applied as early detection to estimate the successful of cryopreservation, whereas flowcytometry analysis may determine the genetic stability of cryopreserved materials. Key words: Pimpinella pruatjan Molk., cryopreservation, SEM, FDA, flowcytometry

Download Full-text

Ndibeer and Ned Ride Again

Murmurations: Journal of Transformative Systemic Practice ◽

10.28963/3.2.03 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 30-50

Author(s):

Karen Mary Partridge

Keyword(s):

Therapeutic Relationship ◽

Hierarchical Model ◽

Joint Action ◽

Coordinated Management Of Meaning ◽

Active Participant ◽

Self And Other ◽

Mutual Learning ◽

Reflexive Space ◽

Ending Process ◽

Inner Voices

This article tells a dialogical story and describes a process of mutual learning and embodiment over the course of a long therapeutic relationship. The article maps the development of relationship, between my inner voices, my supervisors and those of my client, where stories of self and other are articulated, elaborated and externalised using the metaphor of a "bundle of treasures". A self-reflexive process of personal and professional mapping, using the hierarchical model of the Coordinated Management of Meaning, is described. In a recursive and isomorphic process, supervisory and therapeutic conversations further elaborate these stories, and through joint action, enable the creation of a liminal, reflexive space, a Fifth Province position, a cauldron of creativity where practice-based theory can develop. This process will be illustrated as it arises in the story of relationship and the process of therapy, so this narrative invites the reader to become an active participant in a never-ending process where theory becomes a live metaphor in the quest for being human

Download Full-text

Self-enhancement tendency in self and other evaluations: An examination of 'better-than-average effect'.

The Japanese journal of psychology ◽

10.4992/jjpsy.70.367 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 70 (5) ◽

pp. 367-374 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Tadahiro Ito

Keyword(s):

Average Effect ◽

Self And Other ◽

Better Than

Download Full-text

Thermal and Visual Observation of Water and Acetone Oscillating Heat Pipes

Heat Transfer: Volume 2 ◽

10.1115/ht2008-56298 ◽

2008 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

C. Wilson ◽

B. Borgmeyer ◽

R. A. Winholtz ◽

H. B. Ma ◽

D. Jacobson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neutron Radiography ◽

Fluid Velocity ◽

Fluid Motion ◽

Heat Pipes ◽

Visual Observation ◽

Open Loop ◽

Condenser Temperature ◽

Rich Liquid ◽

Two Sides ◽

Better Than

Identical oscillating heat pipes (OHP) charged separately with water and acetone were observed thermally and visually at varying condenser temperatures and heat inputs. Neutron radiography allowed visualization of hydrogen rich liquid water and acetone within the copper OHP. Four identical 6 turn OHPs were constructed; two as open loop and two close loop. One set of open and close loop OHP was charged with acetone and an open and close loop OHP were charged with water at fill ratios of 50%. The OHPs were also instrumented with 24 thermocouples, heated with a strip heater and cooled with heavy water. Both thermal and visual data were collected simultaneously. The experiments show that at low heat flux and condenser temperature, the acetone OHP performed better than the water OHP. Using neutron radiography, the acetone OHP was seen to have higher fluid velocity than the water OHP. The fluid flow pattern was also more consistent throughout the entire close loop acetone OHP including full circulation of the fluid. The close loop water OHP never fully circulates through the turn connecting the two sides. Lastly, neutron radiography shows that the open loop OHPs not only have less fluid motion at the side turns, the interior turns also have reduced fluid motion compared to the close loop OHPs.

Download Full-text