scholarly journals Are the facial gender and facial age variants of the composite face illusion products of a common mechanism?

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie L. H. Gray ◽  
Yvonne Guillemin ◽  
Zarus Cenac ◽  
Sophie Gibbons ◽  
Tim Vestner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Face Processing ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Target Region ◽  
Holistic Face Processing ◽  
Gender Biases ◽  
The Face ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Composite Face

AbstractWhen the upper half of one face (‘target region’) is spatially aligned with the lower half of another (‘distractor region’), the two halves appear to fuse together perceptually, changing observers’ subjective perception of the target region. This ‘composite face illusion’ is regarded as a key hallmark of holistic face processing. Importantly, distractor regions bias observers’ subjective perception of target regions in systematic, predictable ways. For example, male and female distractor regions make target regions appear masculine and feminine; young and old distractor regions make target regions appear younger and older. In the present study, we first describe a novel psychophysical paradigm that yields precise reliable estimates of these perceptual biases. Next, we use this novel procedure to establish a clear relationship between observers’ susceptibility to the age and gender biases induced by the composite face illusion. This relationship is seen in a lab-based sample (N = 100) and is replicated in an independent sample tested online (N = 121). Our findings suggest that age and gender variants of the composite illusion may be different measures of a common structural binding process, with an origin early in the face-processing stream.

scholarly journals Educational and Ethical Views of Attar Neishabouri

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Reza Yazdani
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Mental Images ◽  
Divine Attributes ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Face ◽  
And Gender

<p>Attar believes that some health standards and different hygienic methods should be taught to children. Although teaching the methods of healthcare and well-being is among the necessities of life, child’s understanding and intelligence should not be ignored. There is no doubt that religious give great importance to health issues and even emphasize that they should be taught to children. Dealing with appearance causes that their truth-seeking spirit is misled. Accordingly, Sufism recommends people to abandon appearance and deal with the interior. In the stages of growth, child’s mental images are related to sensory issues. He gradually understands lighting, heating and other things that are exposed to his senses and realizes their differences. Formation of mental images and attention to their differences are related to the growth and complexity of the child’s nerves and experience. Affection and kindness to children is desirable. But parents and educators should know that going to extremes in this case is harmful. Attar believes that loving the children excessively causes that he is brought up as a weak and powerless person and loses his self-confidence. So, he shows weakness in the face of problems. But if he is educated with moderation, he will act accordingly. Too much attention to children makes them timid. Treating the children with justice and fairness is one of the Divine attributes. According to Attar, parents should not discriminate between their children and should deal with them justly in all aspects just as you like to be treated with justice in all situations. In many educational books, it is said that the apparent treatment of parents with children may vary according to their age and gender and this is difference rather than discrimination. Attar states that we should act carefully and accurately. These differences should not make parents not act fairly in loving children, but they should justify the children that if they were in such a situation, they would receive the same treatment. Discrimination and injustice in the family, whether tangible or intangible, cause that children feel contempt and become alienated from their family and education.</p>

scholarly journals Drinkers in the micro-social environment of the inhabitants of Ukraine. Age and gender characteristics

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
Igor Linskiy ◽  
Valerii Kuzminov ◽  
Oleksandr Minko ◽  
Hanna Kozhyna ◽  
Yevheniia Grynevych ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Comparison Groups ◽  
Gender Characteristics ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Research Consortium ◽  
Ukrainian Society

The purpose of the work is to determine in the Ukrainian society the scale of harm inflicted by drinkers to other persons, as well as the gender and age characteristics of this harm. In four regions of Ukraine (Kharkiv, Lugansk and Zaporizhzhia regions, Kyiv), during 2018-2020, 1,742 people were examined from three qualitatively different comparison groups: patients with alcohol dependence (393 people); their healthy relatives (274 people) and representatives of the general population (1075 people). The main research tool was the questionnaire of the international research consortium GENAHTO (Gender, Alcohol, and Harms to Others). It was shown that, in general, drinkers are present in the microsocial environment of 27.62 % of the surveyed healthy respondents. Extrapolation of this indicator to the entire population of Ukraine suggests that the total number of people who suffer in one way or another due to the drinkers in their environment is about 11.6 million people. In addition, the drinkers frequency in the environment of respondents can be used to determine the real number of people with alcohol problems in our country. Preliminary calculations indicate that this number is from 1.5 to 2.2 million people. The drinkers frequency in the environment of the respondents significantly depends on the age of the latter. The highest values of this indicator are characteristic of the respondents in the age category 40—59 years old” (31.43 % for men and 41.27 % for women). The subjective perception of harm from drinkers in the environment grows steadily with increasing age of the respondents, while this growth is most pronounced in women.

The role of holistic face processing in acquired prosopagnosia: evidence from the composite face effect

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 304-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Dawn Finzi ◽  
Tirta Susilo ◽  
Jason J. S. Barton ◽  
Bradley C. Duchaine
Keyword(s):  
Face Processing ◽  
Holistic Face Processing ◽  
Composite Face

The composite face effect in six-year-old children: Evidence of adult-like holistic face processing

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 564-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine J. Mondloch ◽  
Thanujeni Pathman ◽  
Daphne Maurer ◽  
Richard Le Grand ◽  
Scania de Schonen
Keyword(s):  
Face Processing ◽  
Holistic Face Processing ◽  
Composite Face

Holistic face processing can be independent of gaze behaviour: Evidence from the composite face illusion

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adélaïde Heering ◽  
Bruno Rossion ◽  
Chiara Turati ◽  
Francesca Simion
Keyword(s):  
Face Processing ◽  
Holistic Face Processing ◽  
Gaze Behaviour ◽  
Composite Face

scholarly journals Holistic face processing is influenced by non-conscious visual information

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyang Jin ◽  
Matt Oxner ◽  
Paul Michael Corballis ◽  
William Hayward
Keyword(s):  
Face Perception ◽  
Face Processing ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Irrelevant Information ◽  
Composite Effect ◽  
Continuous Flash Suppression ◽  
Facial Information ◽  
Holistic Face Processing ◽  
Composite Face ◽  
Face Task

Holistic face processing has been widely implicated in conscious face perception. Yet, little is known about whether holistic face processing occurs when faces are processed unconsciously. The present study used the composite face task and continuous flash suppression (CFS) to inspect whether the processing of target facial information (the top half of a face) is influenced by irrelevant information (the bottom half) that is presented unconsciously. Results of multiple experiments showed that the composite effect was observed in both the monocular and CFS conditions, providing the first evidence that the processing of top facial halves is influenced by the aligned bottom halves no matter whether they are presented consciously or unconsciously. However, much of the composite effect for faces without masking was disrupted when bottom facial parts were rendered with CFS. These results suggest that holistic face processing can occur unconsciously, but also highlight the significance of holistic processing of consciously presented faces.

scholarly journals Male fertility concerns during COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
Sutapa Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Gender Biases ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Male Reproductive Health ◽  
The Impact

Since its incidence in December 2019, the novel coronavirus, named “Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2” (SARS-CoV-2), has undergone excessively rapid human-to-human transmission throughout the globe and remains still unabated. The worldwide uncontrolled expansion of the disease coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pursued the World Health Organization to declare it a pandemic on March 11, 2020. The untiring efforts of scientists, clinicians, and researchers have increased our awareness about the pathophysiology of COVID-19 although much of it is shrouded with ambiguity. The wide spectrum of the disease in terms of severity, mortality, age and gender biases, physiological manifestations, and responses adds up to the complications. Of particular concern is the impact of COVID-19 on male reproductive health and fertility outcomes. The present article discusses some of the emerging multiple facets rendering the male reproductive system vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or associated pathological mechanisms.

Reflections on the Human Face

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 738-739
Author(s):  
Steven Z. Rapcsak
Keyword(s):  
Social Communication ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Human Face ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Facial Cues ◽  
The Face ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Genetically Determined

The significance of the human face in social interaction can hardly be overestimated. We rely primarily on facial appearance in discriminating between members of our species, but we also use the face to judge the age and gender of a person and to interpret his or her emotional state. We find certain faces pleasant or attractive, attribute personality characteristics to people such as intelligence or honesty based on physiognomy, and use facial cues to guess people's intentions and predict their behavior toward us. Similarly, we can gauge the effect of our words or actions on others by the feedback we receive from their faces. The face assumes a privileged role in social communication almost immediately after birth, suggesting that the neural systems underlying various facial behaviors are to a large extent innately specified and genetically determined.

scholarly journals Individual Differences in Infants’ Temperament Affect Face Processing

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 474
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Rennels ◽  
Andrea J. Kayl ◽  
Kirsty M. Kulhanek
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Face Processing ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Visual Search Task ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Positive Interactions ◽  
Timely Manner ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
The Face ◽  
And Gender

Infants show an advantage in processing female and familiar race faces, but the effect sizes are often small, suggesting individual differences in their discrimination abilities. This research assessed whether differences in 6–10-month-olds’ temperament (surgency and orienting) predicted how they scanned individual faces varying in race and gender during familiarization and whether and how long it took them to locate the face during a visual search task. This study also examined whether infants viewing faces posing pleasant relative to neutral expressions would facilitate their discrimination of male and unfamiliar race faces. Results showed that infants’ surgency on its own or in conjunction with their orienting regularly interacted with facial characteristics to predict their scanning and location of faces. Furthermore, infants’ scanning patterns (dwell times and internal–external fixation shifts) correlated with their ability and time to locate a familiarized face. Moreover, infants who viewed faces with pleasant expressions showed better discrimination of unfamiliar race and male faces compared with infants who viewed neutral faces. Including temperament in the analyses consistently demonstrated its significance for understanding infant face processing. Findings suggest that positive interactions with other-race individuals and men might reduce processing disadvantages for those face types. Locating familiar adults in a timely manner is a crucial skill for infants to develop and these data elucidate factors influencing this ability.

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