scholarly journals The executive function of bilingual and monolingual children: A technical efficiency approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanasia Papastergiou ◽  
Vasileios Pappas ◽  
Eirini Sanoudaki
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Single Measure ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
English Bilingual ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Executive Functioning Skills

AbstractThis paper introduces a novel approach to evaluate performance in the executive functioning skills of bilingual and monolingual children. This approach targets method- and analysis-specific issues in the field, which has reached an impasse (Antoniou et al., 2021). This study moves beyond the traditional approach towards bilingualism by using an array of executive functioning tasks and frontier methodologies, which allow us to jointly consider multiple tasks and metrics in a new measure; technical efficiency (TE). We use a data envelopment analysis technique to estimate TE for a sample of 32 Greek–English bilingual and 38 Greek monolingual children. In a second stage, we compare the TE of the groups using an ANCOVA, a bootstrap regression, and a k-means nearest-neighbour technique, while controlling for a range of background variables. Results show that bilinguals have superior TE compared to their monolingual counterparts, being around 6.5% more efficient. Robustness tests reveal that TE yields similar results to the more complex conventional MANCOVA analyses, while utilising information in a more efficient way. By using the TE approach on a relevant existing dataset, we further highlight TE’s advantages compared to conventional analyses; not only does TE use a single measure, instead of two principal components, but it also allows more group observations as it accounts for differences between the groups by construction.

scholarly journals Technical efficiency and total factor productivity in the Kazakh banking industry

2016 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-709
Author(s):  
Adnan Kasman ◽  
Kamila Mekenbayeva
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Banking Industry ◽  
Malmquist Index ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Efficiency And Productivity

This paper investigates the technical efficiency and productivity of Kazakh commercial banks over the period 2000–2013. Non-parametric approaches, namely the Data Envelopment Analysis and the Malmquist index are employed to calculate technical efficiency and productivity. In addition, a second-stage regression is also estimated to identify the determinants of efficiency. The results indicate that banks in Kazakhstan operate below their optimum levels, with larger banks being more efficient than smaller ones. The results also indicate the presence of economies of scale for banks of all sizes. The efficiency of banks is found to be significantly and positively related to profitability, capitalisation, bank size, and liquidity. The results further indicate that Kazakh banks seem to have experienced a significant productivity growth over the sample period.

scholarly journals TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF SAVING AND LOAN COOPERATIVES IN GERBANGKERTASUSILA, EAST JAVA PROVINCE: A TWO-STAGE ANALYSIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-167
Author(s):  
Atik Purmiyati
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Savings And Loans ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Savings And Loan ◽  
External Capital ◽  
Stage Analysis ◽  
Positive Effect

The purpose of this research is to assess the level of technical efficiency of the Savings and Loans Cooperative (KSP) in Gresik, Bangkalan, Mojokerto, Surabaya, Sidoarjo, and Lamongan (Gerbangkertasusila), Indonesia, and to identify the factors that influence the level of technical efficiency of the Savings and Loans Cooperative in Gerbangkertasusila. Two Stage Analysis that used are Data Envelopment Analysis and Tobit regression. Variables are used in the DEA as output, specifically the remainder of the cooperative’s business (SHU), whereas input includes the number of members, own capital, number of employees, and business volume. The second stage involves analyzing the determinants of technical efficiency using Tobit regression, with the independent variables being cooperative age, external capital, assets, and managers. The results showed that the average level of technical efficiency of the KSP was 60.4 percent, with 16 KSP being the most efficient. Meanwhile, the Tobit regression results show that simultaneously the variables have an influence on the level of technical efficiency of the KSP. Partially the cooperative age and external capital variables have no significant effect on savings and loan cooperatives, while asset and managers have a significant positive effect on the level of technical efficiency of savings and loan cooperatives.

scholarly journals Efficiency Considering Credit Risk in Banking Industry, Using Two-stage DEA

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 356-360
Author(s):  
Hadi Ghafoorian ◽  
NikIntan Norhan . ◽  
Mohammed Ndaliman Abubakar . ◽  
Fazel Mohammadi Nodeh .
Keyword(s):  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Credit Risk ◽  
Banking Industry ◽  
Bank Performance ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
New Markets ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Strong Competition

The increased competition in the banking industry and banks' efforts to participate in new markets has affected bank performance and credit risk. Their presence in new markets and strong competition from other competitors today makes them face more uncertain situation. Given the importance of this issue, there are few studies about the efficiency calculated with regard to credit risk. Banking literature on this subject is poor. This paper introduces two-stage data envelopment analysis technique for estimation of their efficiency with regard to credit risk, its output and inputs in the first and second stage. Non-performing loans is output to proxy credit risk.

scholarly journals Are Our Export-Oriented Industries Technically More Efficient?

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-121
Author(s):  
Tariq Mahmood ◽  
Ejaz Ghani ◽  
Musleh Ud Din .
Keyword(s):  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Stochastic Frontier Analysis ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Frontier Analysis ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Control Apparatus

This paper makes a comparison of technical efficiency scores between groups of exporting and non-exporting industries. Using data from Census of Manufacturing Industries in Pakistan (2005-06), technical efficiency scores of 102 large scale manufacturing industries are estimated. Stochastic Frontier Analysis as well as Data Envelopment Analysis technique are used to estimate technical efficiency scores. In Stochastic Frontier Analysis Translog and Cobb-Douglass Production Functions are specified, whereas in Data Envelopment Analysis technique, efficiency scores are computed under the assumptions of Constant Returns to Scale as well as Variable Returns to Scale. Industries showing high technical efficiency include Tobacco Products, Refined Petroleum Products, Carpets and Rugs, and Meat and Meat Products. Industries showing low technical efficiency include Refractory Ceramic Products, Electricity Distribution and Control Apparatus, Fish and Fish Products, Basic Precious Metals and Aluminum and its Products. Comparison of mean efficiency scores between exporting and non-exporting industries does not indicate any significant difference between efficiency scores across types of industries. JEL Classification: D24, L6, O14, F14 Keywords: Manufacturing Industries, Technical Efficiency, Stochastic Frontier Analysis, Data Envelopment Analysis, International Trade

scholarly journals Technical efficiency among agricultural households and determinants of food security in East Java, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachman Hakim ◽  
Tri Haryanto ◽  
Dyah Wulan Sari
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Logit Regression ◽  
Agricultural Households ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Land Size ◽  
Average Consumption

AbstractRice is a staple food in East Java, and the average consumption is 100 kg/capita/year. However, rice productivity has declined dramatically in recent years. Food security can be reached by improving the technical efficiency of rice farming, especially in rice farming centers such as East Java Province. This study aims to measure technical efficiency and its determinants using two limit tobit. And it also aims to examine the effect of the technical efficiency of rice farming on food security using logit regression. Technical efficiency will be measured by using data envelopment analysis (DEA). The results show that the technical efficiency of rice farming is very low in East Java. Government assistance, irrigation, and extension have a significant effect on technical efficiency. Meanwhile, membership of farmer organization has no effect on technical efficiency. Around 69% of farmers can be categorized as food secure households. The estimation of logit regression shows that household size, income, land size, education, age, and gender significantly influence food security in East Java. Meanwhile, credit and technical efficiency did not have any significant effect.

Labour-use Efficiency of Assam Gramin Vikash Bank: Branch- and District-level Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 232102222110243
Author(s):  
Mohuya Deb Purkayastha ◽  
Joyeeta Deb ◽  
Ram Pratap Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Efficiency Score ◽  
Significant Variable ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Observation Period

The present study estimated labour-use efficiency of 48 branches of Assam Gramin Vikash Bank at its branch level, covering three districts of Barak Valley, which falls under Silchar region of the bank for the time period from 2010–2011 to 2017–2018. The study applied data envelopment analysis for estimating labour-use efficiency. In the second stage, the study applied censored Tobit regression for determining the impact of several contextual variables on efficiency. The study reveals that the mean labour-use efficiency score of the selected branches is 76% when averaged for the in-sample branches over the observation period. Results of the Tobit regression identified cluster 2 and total business of the branches as the significant factors for determining efficiency and the number of employees as a significant variable influencing inefficiency. JEL Classifications: G2, G20, G21, J3

scholarly journals The Measurement of Innovation Efficiency of Chinese High-tech Industry Using Data Envelopment Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (s2) ◽  
pp. 101-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Jiang ◽  
Yunyu Jiang ◽  
Zhijun Wu ◽  
Dongsheng Liao ◽  
Runfa Xu
Keyword(s):  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Scale Efficiency ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
High Tech Industry ◽  
Economic Competitiveness ◽  
Development Level ◽  
Using Data

In the era of knowledge economy, a country’s economic competitiveness depends largely on the development level of high-tech industry. This paper evaluates the efficiency of China’s high-tech industry in 31 provinces in 2012 with data envelopment analysis. The empirical results are summarized as following. Firstly, when the effects of exogenous environmental variables are not controlled, the comprehensive technical efficiency of 31 provinces will be overestimated, the pure technical efficiency will be underestimated, and the scale efficiency value will be overestimated. Secondly, after eliminating the environmental impact, the comprehensive technical efficiency of 31 provinces with the average of 0.395 is rather low, due to the low scale efficiency.

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