scholarly journals A proposed sustainability index for synthesis plans based on input provenance and output fate: application to academic and industrial synthesis plans for vanillin as a case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 2346-2362
Author(s):  
John Andraos
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Borda Count ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Target Product ◽  
Energy Fraction ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Sustainability Index

This paper describes a sustainability index (SI) as a quantitative measure of “sustainability” applicable to synthesis plans based on the provenance of input materials and energy sources and the fate of output waste products. The index is computed as the root-mean-square average of the following four parameters: mass fraction of valorized inputs (F VI ), mass fraction of valorized outputs (F VO ), mass fraction of valorized target product (F VP ), and input enthalpic energy fraction arising from renewable energy sources (F RE ). Valorized input materials originate from renewable, recycled, or reclaimed sources. Valorized output materials are destined for recycling or reclaiming so that they may be used in the same or other chemical processes. Valorized target product refers to that portion of the target product that is actually used for its intended purpose. Renewable energy sources are defined as originating from hydroelectric, wind, solar, geothermal, and biomass sources. The computation of SI is illustrated for 22 synthesis plans of the high commodity flavour ingredient vanillin from biofermentation, chemical synthesis, and solvent extraction processes. In addition, these plans are compared and ranked according to Borda count and poset (partially ordered set) pairwise dominance analyses using the following attributes: process mass intensity (PMI), sacrificial reagent (SR) consumption, input enthalpic energy (IEE) consumption, Rowan solvent greenness index (RSGI), and sustainability index (SI).

Renewable Energy in the United Kingdom

1995 ◽  
Vol 209 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Laughton
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Wind Waves ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Supply Systems

The United Kingdom is particularly well endowed with renewable energy sources relating to wind, waves and tide as well as the normal waste products arising from an industrialized society. These and other renewable energy sources have much technological scope for development but less scope for economic use. Government support for these industries has been significant in recent years in allowing a number of schemes to become commercially possible. The technologies are diverse, the design engineering is in its early stages in many cases and the extent of the eventual integration of such energy sources into existing energy supply systems is not easy to foresee. Aspects of the economic, institutional and environmental factors influencing the exploitation of renewable energy sources for electricity generation are reviewed along with an assessment of the present developments in the various technologies. The need for further support within a long-term view of the whole energy supply scene is stressed as necessary to balance shorter-term commercial considerations.

scholarly journals Potential of Agricultural Biomass: Comparative Review of Selected EU Regions and Region of Vojvodina

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
Petrana Odavić ◽  
Dragan Milić ◽  
Vladislav Zekić ◽  
Nedeljko Tica
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Borda Count ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Agricultural Biomass ◽  
Comparative Review ◽  
Eu Regions ◽  
The Eu

SummaryOwing to the fact that the EU is committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 20% below 1990 levels by 2020, and having in mind their high dependence on import of oil and oil derivatives, which, in turn, causes instability of power supply, increasing attention is being paid to renewable energy sources. Given the ongoing pre-accession process of the Republic of Serbia in relation to the EU, in order to determine the capacity of the country to increase the share of energy use from renewable sources, in this paper clustering of selected regions in the EU-28 has been carried out, after which a comparative analysis of regions was performed in terms of potential of agricultural biomass, for the purpose of generating energy. The aim of this study is to determine the level of the region of Vojvodina in relation to ten selected EU regions, based on parameters that affect the potential for using renewable energy sources, primarily residues from agriculture. By applying the K-means method, Borda count method and comparative analysis, and based on empirical data, results show that the region of Vojvodina takes a significant fifth place. Its share of agricultural land ranks it as the first, whereas production of cereals and the total number of farms larger than 100 ha rank it as the second. It could be concluded that Vojvodina is an agricultural region with large quantities of plant remains, primarily those left over from harvest, which represents a significant potential for energy generation from agricultural biomass.

Renewable Energy Sources

IEE Review ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Kenneth Spring
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources

Power Projects and Covid-19: A Practical Analysis of the Relevance of Force Majeure Clauses under the Standardised Power Purchase and Implementation Agreements of Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-193
Author(s):  
Aisha Naiga ◽  
Loyola Rwabose Karobwa
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
The State ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Force Majeure ◽  
Practical Analysis ◽  
Energy Justice

Over 90% of Uganda's power is generated from renewable sources. Standardised Implementation Agreements and Power Purchase Agreements create a long-term relationship between Generating Companies and the state-owned off-taker guaranteed by Government. The COVID-19 pandemic and measures to curb the spread of the virus have triggered the scrutiny and application of force majeure (FM) clauses in these agreements. This article reviews the FM clauses and considers their relevance. The authors submit that FM clauses are a useful commercial tool for achieving energy justice by ensuring the continuity of the project, despite the dire effects of the pandemic. Proposals are made for practical considerations for a post-COVID-19 future which provides the continued pursuit of policy goals of promoting renewable energy sources and increasing access to clean energy, thus accelerating just energy transitions.

A Study on the Countermeasures for Demand and Supply Control in Case of High Penetration of Renewable Energy Sources

2016 ◽  
Vol 136 (5) ◽  
pp. 459-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Tsujii ◽  
Takao Tsuji ◽  
Tsutomu Oyama ◽  
Yoshiki Nakachi ◽  
Suresh Chand Verma
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
High Penetration
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