scholarly journals Ethyl diazoacetate synthesis in flow

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1813-1818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariëlle M E Delville ◽  
Jan C M van Hest ◽  
Floris P J T Rutjes
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Nitrite ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Separation Technology ◽  
Ethyl Diazoacetate ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Microreactor Technology ◽  
Glycine Ethyl Ester ◽  
Internal Volume ◽  
Line Coupling

Ethyl diazoacetate is a versatile compound in organic chemistry and frequently used on lab scale. Its highly explosive nature, however, severely limits its use in industrial processes. The in-line coupling of microreactor synthesis and separation technology enables the synthesis of this compound in an inherently safe manner, thereby making it available on demand in sufficient quantities. Ethyl diazoacetate was prepared in a biphasic mixture comprising an aqueous solution of glycine ethyl ester, sodium nitrite and dichloromethane. Optimization of the reaction was focused on decreasing the residence time with the smallest amount of sodium nitrite possible. With these boundary conditions, a production yield of 20 g EDA day−1 was achieved using a microreactor with an internal volume of 100 μL. Straightforward scale-up or scale-out of microreactor technology renders this method viable for industrial application.

scholarly journals Design of a 100 kW Concentrated Solar Power on Demand Volumetric Receiver With Integral Thermal Energy Storage Prototype

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoni Gil ◽  
Daniel S. Codd ◽  
Lei Zhou ◽  
David Trumper ◽  
Ronald B. Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Continuous Production ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Mixing Enhancement ◽  
Concentrated Solar Power ◽  
Solar Salt ◽  
On Demand

A new concept of Thermal Energy Storage (TES) system based on current available technologies is being developed under the framework of the Masdar Institute (MI) and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) collaborative Flagship Program. The key feature of this concept lies on concentrating sun light directly on the molten salt storage tank, avoiding the necessity of pumping the salts to the top of a tower thereby avoiding thermal losses and pumping and electric tracing needs inherent in most conventional CSP plants. This Concentrated Solar Power on Demand (CSPonD) volumetric receiver/TES unit prototype will be tested in the existing MI heliostat field and beam down tower in Abu Dhabi (UAE) which will collect and redirect solar energy to an upwards-facing final optical element (FOE). These energy will be concentrated on the aperture of the prototype designed to store 400 kWh of energy allowing 16 hours of continuous production after sunset using Solar Salt (60%NaNO3 + 40%KNO3) as storage material. The tank is divided in two volumes: one cold in the bottom region, where Solar Salt is at 250 °C and another hot on the upper region, at 550 °C. A moving divider plate with active control separates both volumes. The plate includes mixing enhancement features to help with convection on the hot volume of salts. It’s expected that results will demonstrate the technical feasibility and economic viability of this concept allowing its scale up at commercial size.

scholarly journals Combining Radial and Continuous Flow Synthesis to Optimize and Scale-up the Production of Medicines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara Guidi ◽  
Soo-Yeon Moon ◽  
Lucia Anghileri ◽  
Dario Cambié ◽  
Peter Seeberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Flow Chemistry ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Flow Synthesis ◽  
Drug Production ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Current Drug

Current drug production in batch cannot adapt rapidly to market demands, evidenced by recent shortages in many markets globally of essential medicines. Flow chemistry is a valuable tool for on-demand...

scholarly journals Scaling Up Metal Hydrides for Real-Scale Applications: Achievements, Challenges and Outlook

Inorganics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Emil H. Jensen ◽  
Martin Dornheim ◽  
Sabrina Sartori
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Metal Hydrides ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Compressed Gas ◽  
Real Scale

As the world evolves, so does the energy demand. The storage of hydrogen using metal hydrides shows great promise due to the ability to store and deliver energy on demand while achieving higher volumetric density and safer storage conditions compared with traditional storage options such as compressed gas or liquid hydrogen. Research is typically performed on lab-sized samples and tanks and shows great potential for large scale applications. However, the effects of scale-up on the metal hydride’s performance are relatively less investigated. Studies performed so far on both materials, and hydride-based storage tanks show that the scale-up can significantly impact the system’s capacity, kinetics, and sorption properties. The findings presented in this review suggest areas of further investigation in order to implement metal hydrides in real scale applications.

Application of the Continuous Rheoconversion Process (CRPTM) to Low Temperature HPDC-Part II: Alloy Development & Validation

2006 ◽  
Vol 116-117 ◽  
pp. 64-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Wiesner ◽  
Qin Yue Pan ◽  
Diran Apelian
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Primary Phase ◽  
Heat Extraction ◽  
Alloy Development ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Thermodynamic Simulations

The continuous rheoconversion process (CRPTM) is a novel slurry-on-demand process that was developed at MPI/WPI in 2002. The process is based on a passive liquid mixing technique in which the nucleation and growth of the primary phase are controlled using a specially designed “reactor”. The reactor provides heat extraction, copious nucleation, and forced convection during the initial stage of solidification, thus leading to the formation of globular structures. This paper presents our recent work on the scale-up of the CRPTM for industrial applications. In Part II of this paper, we present salient results on alloy optimization via thermodynamic simulations, as well as validation results obtained from industrial Beta trials.

A Robust Strategic Theory based Load Balancing and Resource Allocation in Cloud Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30
Author(s):  
M. Bala Krishna
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Load Balancing ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Distributed Resources ◽  
Business Outcomes ◽  
Allocation Algorithm ◽  
On Demand

An on demand elastic service is cloud computing. At particular time, based on clients requirements, software, information, shared resources and other devices are provided in this. For supporting cost effective usage of computing resources, it is designed using distributed computing and virtualization advances and it enhances resource scalability. Based on requirement, business outcomes can scale up or down its resources. On-demand resource allocation challenges are created by customer demand management. To minimize energy, Dynamic Particle Swarm Optimization (DPSO) model is developed in available research works, where CPU utilization are regulated while operating at maximum frequency. Geographically distributed resources like computers, storage etc. are owned by self interested organizations or agents are available in large-scale computing systems of cloud computing. In their own benefit, this resource allocation algorithm can be manipulated by these agents and severe degradation in performance are produced due to its selfish behaviour and its efficiency is also very poor. To solve this kind of problem, a strategy is designed for developing a resource allocation protocols with load balancer in first phase of this research work. In this agents are forced to follow the rules and tell truth. In heterogeneous distributed systems, to solve load balancing problem, a truthful strategy is designed using this strategic theory. Optimal allocation algorithm based on Improved Elephant Herd Optimization (IEHO) is proposed where a truthful payment scheme is admitted by output function which satisfies voluntary participation. Good performance is exhibited by proposed approach as indicated in experimentation results.

scholarly journals Twos Company, Threes A Cloud: Challenges To Implementing Service Models

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Yvette Ghormley
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
User Interface ◽  
Virtual Machines ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Software As A Service ◽  
Demand Elasticity ◽  
Platform As A Service ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Cloud Models ◽  
Service Models

Although three models are currently being used in cloud computing (Software as a Service, Platform as a Service, and infrastructure as a service, there remain many challenges before most business accept cloud computing as a reality. Virtualization in cloud computing has many advantages but carries a penalty because of state configurations, kernel drivers, and user interface environments. In addition, many non-standard architectures exist to power cloud models that are often incompatible. Another issue is adequately provisioning the resources required for a multi-tier cloud-based application in such a way that on-demand elasticity is present at vastly different scales yet is carried out efficiently. For networks that have large geographical footprints another problem arises from bottlenecks between elements supporting virtual machines and their control. While many solutions have been proposed to alleviate these problems, some of which are already commercial, much remains to be done to see whether these solutions will be practicable at scale up and address business concerns.

Nitrosation of Glycine Ethyl Ester and Ethyl Diazoacetate To Give the Alkylating Agent and Mutagen Ethyl Chloro(hydroximino)acetate

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 416-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Zhou ◽  
James Haorah ◽  
Sheng C. Chen ◽  
Xiaojie Wang ◽  
Carol Kolar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Ester ◽  
Alkylating Agent ◽  
Ethyl Diazoacetate ◽  
Glycine Ethyl Ester

scholarly journals Carbon Tax, Carbon Leakage and the Theory of Induced Innovation in the Decarbonisation of Industrial Processes: The Case of the Port of Rotterdam

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7667
Author(s):  
Alberto Gianoli ◽  
Felipe Bravo
Keyword(s):  
Government Intervention ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Industrial Cluster ◽  
Carbon Leakage ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Academic Knowledge ◽  
Induced Innovation

A higher price of CO2 emissions is required to enhance the industrial transition and investment in low-carbon technology. However, the specific mechanisms to tackle the risk of carbon leakage and create an attractive environment for green investment are highly contested in the academic literature. Opposing perspectives regarding the appropriateness and desirability of government intervention in the economy result in different approaches to the decarbonisation of industrial processes. This research builds on existing academic knowledge in the fields of carbon leakage, induced innovation and government intervention to assess the effects of a carbon tax in the industrial cluster of the Port of Rotterdam within the context of a carbon tax on industrial GHG emissions proposed in the Dutch National Climate Agreement. The main finding of this study shows that investment leakage constitutes the main threat instead of carbon leakage in the face of a higher carbon price. Regarding the theory of induced innovation, limited abatement options are available for the industrial cluster and there is the need to scale up existing technologies. Lastly, to both tackle the risk of investment leakage and enhance the scaling up of low-carbon technologies, government intervention in the form of regulations, subsidies and enabling conditions is vital.

scholarly journals Flow Biocatalysis: A Challenging Alternative for the Synthesis of APIs and Natural Compounds

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 990
Author(s):  
Micol Santi ◽  
Luca Sancineto ◽  
Vanessa Nascimento ◽  
Juliano Braun Azeredo ◽  
Erika V. M. Orozco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Enzymatic Catalysis ◽  
Flow Chemistry ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
European Medicines Agency ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Recent Advances

Biocatalysts represent an efficient, highly selective and greener alternative to metal catalysts in both industry and academia. In the last two decades, the interest in biocatalytic transformations has increased due to an urgent need for more sustainable industrial processes that comply with the principles of green chemistry. Thanks to the recent advances in biotechnologies, protein engineering and the Nobel prize awarded concept of direct enzymatic evolution, the synthetic enzymatic toolbox has expanded significantly. In particular, the implementation of biocatalysts in continuous flow systems has attracted much attention, especially from industry. The advantages of flow chemistry enable biosynthesis to overcome well-known limitations of “classic” enzymatic catalysis, such as time-consuming work-ups and enzyme inhibition, as well as difficult scale-up and process intensifications. Moreover, continuous flow biocatalysis provides access to practical, economical and more sustainable synthetic pathways, an important aspect for the future of pharmaceutical companies if they want to compete in the market while complying with European Medicines Agency (EMA), Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and green chemistry requirements. This review focuses on the most recent advances in the use of flow biocatalysis for the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), pharmaceuticals and natural products, and the advantages and limitations are discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document